C.4 Worksheet

C.
4 Worksheet [53 marks]
1. [Maximum mark: 1] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.15

A standing wave is formed in a pipe closed at one end. The third
harmonic has a frequency of 400 Hz when the speed of sound is 300 m
s−1. What is the length of the pipe?
A. 3
16
m
B. 9
16
m
3
C. 4
m
14
D. 16
m [1]
A string of length 0.80 m is fixed at both ends. The diagram shows a standing
wave formed on the string. P and Q are two particles on the string.
The variation with time t of the displacement of particle P is shown.
(a.i) Draw, on the axes, a graph to show the variation with t of the
displacement of particle Q. [2]
(a.ii) Calculate the speed of waves on the string. [2]

It is suggested that the speed c of waves in the string is related to the tension
force T in the string according to the equation T = ac2, where a is a constant.
(b.i) Determine the fundamental SI unit for a. [2]
(b.ii) The tension force on the string is doubled. Describe the effect, if
any, of this change on the frequency of the standing wave. [2]
(c) The standing wave on the string creates a travelling sound

wave in the surrounding air.
Outline two differences between a standing wave and a [2]
travelling wave.
3. [Maximum mark: 1] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.18

A standing wave is formed on a rope. The distance between the first
and fifth antinode on the standing wave is 60 cm. What is the
wavelength of the wave?
A. 12 cm
B. 15 cm
C. 24 cm
D. 30 cm [1]
A loudspeaker emits sound waves of frequency f towards a metal plate that
reflects the waves. A small microphone is moved along the line from the metal
plate to the loudspeaker. The intensity of sound detected at the microphone as it
moves varies regularly between maximum and minimum values.
The speed of sound in air is 340 m s−1.
(a.i) Explain the variation in intensity. [3]

(a.ii) Adjacent minima are separated by a distance of 0.12 m.
Calculate f . [2]
(b) The metal plate is replaced by a wooden plate that reflects a

lower intensity sound wave than the metal plate.
State and explain the differences between the sound intensities

detected by the same microphone with the metal plate and the
wooden plate. [3]
A string is fixed at both ends. P and Q are two particles on the string.
The first harmonic standing wave is formed in the string. What is correct
about the motion of P and Q?
A. P is a node and Q is an antinode.
B. P is an antinode and Q is a node.
C. P and Q oscillate with the same amplitude.
D. P and Q oscillate with the same frequency. [1]

6. [Maximum mark: 12] 21N.2.HL.TZ0.2
A longitudinal wave travels in a medium with speed 340 m s−1. The graph shows
the variation with time t of the displacement x of a particle P in the medium.
Positive displacements on the graph correspond to displacements to the right
for particle P.
(a) Calculate the wavelength of the wave. [2]
(b) Determine, for particle P, the magnitude and direction of the

acceleration at t = 2.0 m s.
[3]
Another wave travels in the medium. The graph shows the variation with time t
of the displacement of each wave at the position of P.
(c.i) State the phase difference between the two waves. [1]
(c.ii) Identify a time at which the displacement of P is zero. [1]
(c.iii) Estimate the amplitude of the resultant wave. [1]
A standing sound wave is established in a tube that is closed at one end and
open at the other end. The period of the wave is T . The diagram represents the
standing wave at t = 0 and at t =
T
8
. The wavelength of the wave is 1.20 m.
Positive displacements mean displacements to the right.
(d.i) Calculate the length of the tube. [1]

(d.ii) A particle in the tube has its equilibrium position at the open
end of the tube.
State and explain the direction of the velocity of this particle at
time t =
T
8
. [2]
(d.iii) Draw on the diagram the standing wave at time t =

T
. [1]
4
7. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.14

A metal rod of length 45 cm is clamped at its mid point. The speed of
sound in the metal rod is 1500 m s−1 and the speed of sound in air is
300 m s−1. The metal rod vibrates at its first harmonic. What is the
wavelength in air of the sound wave produced by the metal rod?
A. 4.5 cm
B. 9.0 cm
C. 18 cm
D. 90 cm [1]
(a) Describe two ways in which standing waves differ from
travelling waves. [2]
A vertical tube, open at both ends, is completely immersed in a container of

water. A loudspeaker above the container connected to a signal generator emits
sound. As the tube is raised the loudness of the sound heard reaches a maximum
because a standing wave has formed in the tube.
(b.i) Outline how a standing wave forms in the tube. [2]

(b.ii) The tube is raised until the loudness of the sound reaches a
maximum for a second time.
Draw, on the following diagram, the position of the nodes in

the tube when the second maximum is heard.
[1]
(b.iii) Between the first and second positions of maximum loudness,

the tube is raised through 0.37 m. The speed of sound in the air
in the tube is 320 m s−1. Determine the frequency of the sound
emitted by the loudspeaker.
[2]
9. [Maximum mark: 12] 21M.2.HL.TZ1.8
On a guitar, the strings played vibrate between two fixed points. The frequency
of vibration is modified by changing the string length using a finger. The
different strings have different wave speeds. When a string is plucked, a standing
wave forms between the bridge and the finger.
(a) Outline how a standing wave is produced on the string. [2]
The string is displaced 0.4 cm at point P to sound the guitar. Point P on the
string vibrates with simple harmonic motion (shm) in its first harmonic with a
frequency of 195 Hz. The sounding length of the string is 62 cm.
(b.i) Show that the speed of the wave on the string is about 240 m
s−1. [2]
(b.ii) Sketch a graph to show how the acceleration of point P varies

with its displacement from the rest position.
[1]
(b.iii) Calculate, in m s−1, the maximum velocity of vibration of point P

when it is vibrating with a frequency of 195 Hz. [2]
(b.iv) Calculate, in terms of g, the maximum acceleration of P. [2]
(b.v) Estimate the displacement needed to double the energy of the

string. [2]
(c) The string is made to vibrate in its third harmonic. State the
distance between consecutive nodes. [1]
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024

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C.

4 Worksheet [53 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 1] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.15

The variation with time t of the displacement of particle P is shown.

(a.ii) Calculate the speed of waves on the string. [2]

(b.i) Determine the fundamental SI unit for a. [2]

(c) The standing wave on the string creates a travelling sound

3. [Maximum mark: 1] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.18

The speed of sound in air is 340 m s−1.

(a.i) Explain the variation in intensity. [3]

(b) The metal plate is replaced by a wooden plate that reflects a

State and explain the differences between the sound intensities

A. P is a node and Q is an antinode.

B. P is an antinode and Q is a node.

C. P and Q oscillate with the same amplitude.

D. P and Q oscillate with the same frequency. [1]

(a) Calculate the wavelength of the wave. [2]

(b) Determine, for particle P, the magnitude and direction of the

(c.ii) Identify a time at which the displacement of P is zero. [1]

(c.iii) Estimate the amplitude of the resultant wave. [1]

(d.i) Calculate the length of the tube. [1]

(d.iii) Draw on the diagram the standing wave at time t =

7. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.14

A vertical tube, open at both ends, is completely immersed in a container of

(b.i) Outline how a standing wave forms in the tube. [2]

Draw, on the following diagram, the position of the nodes in

(b.iii) Between the first and second positions of maximum loudness,

(a) Outline how a standing wave is produced on the string. [2]

(b.ii) Sketch a graph to show how the acceleration of point P varies

(b.iii) Calculate, in m s−1, the maximum velocity of vibration of point P

(b.v) Estimate the displacement needed to double the energy of the

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024

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