AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY SCHEDULE “B-CP-2”

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AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY

SCHEDULE “B-CP-2”

ROADS

AUGUST 1996

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USER FEEDBACK PAGE

Any user who identifies an inaccuracy, error, ambiguity or omission is requested to notify
the chairman of the "Discipline Standards Committee" which designator is shown below, so
that appropriate action can be taken. The user is requested to return this page fully
completed, indicating precisely the amendment(s) proposed.

From:

To: TES (Chairman of the Discipline Standards Committee)

Date:

A - Description of discrepancy detected

B - [ ] Correction proposed [ ] Clarification required

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REVISION STATUS
PREPARATION, REVISION AND APPROVAL OF
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

AUTHORIZED BY

DATE
TES TES/D TEN TEN/1 TM TM/1 REVISION
ISSUED

INFORMATION ON THIS PAGE IS FOR USE BY AFPC ONLY AND IS NOT TO

BE PRINTED AS PART OF THE SCHEDULE.

Chairman of the "Discipline Standards Committee:":

This document is an update of the earlier revision of AFPC schedule P-CP “Construction practice for
earthwork”, as enclosed in resent RFQ’s in support of bidders on EPC contracts.

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SCOPE AND DEFINITION

THIS SPECIFICATION COVERS THE ENGINEER REQUIREMENTS OF AL FURAT PETROLEUM

COMPANY FOR ROADS, PAVING AND FENCING. WITHIN THIS SPECIFICATION THE
FOLLOWING DEFINITION SHALL APPLY:

COMPANY : Al Furat Petroleum COMPANY or designated Engineer Constructor performing work on

behalf or Al Furat Petroleum COMPANY.

CONTRACTOR : The CONTRACTOR, Vendor or Manufacturer selected by COMPANY to perform the

work or provide equipment and services as described in this specification.

INSPECTOR : The individual(s) designated by COMPANY to act on COMPANY's behalf for all
matters relating to Quality Control, Testing and Acceptance of the work.

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Table of contents

PREFACE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. General

1.2. Definitions

1.3. General minimum requirements

2. ROADS

2.1. Detailed scope

2.2. General description

2.3. Functional requirements

2.4. Design and materials

2.5. Construction

2.6. References

2.7. Bituminous Prime coat and tack coat

Fig.2.1 Cross sections of roads

3. PAVING

3.1. Detailed scope

3.2. General description

3.3. Functional requirements

3.4. Design and materials

3.5. Construction

3.6. References

Fig. 3.1 Typical sections of standard light-and heavy-duty paving

4. SURFACING OF UNPAVED AREAS

4.1. Detailed scope

4.2. Functional requirements

4.3. Design

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4.4. Materials

5. CABLE TRENCHES
Fig.5.1. Cross sections and lay-out of cable trenches

6. EROSION PROTECTION OF SLOPES, EMBANKMENTS, DITCHES, OPEN

DRAINS, etc.

6.1. Detailed scope

6.2. General description

6.3. Functional requirements

6.4. Design

6.5. Materials

6.6. Construction

6.7. References

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. GENERAL

This specification defines minimum requirements for design and construction of:
 ROADS
 PAVING
 SURFACING OF UNPAVED AREAS
 CABLE TRENCHES
 EROSION PROTECTION OF SLOPES e.g. BUND WALLS EMBANKMENTS, OPEN
DRAINS,
DITCHES, etc.
 FENCING AND GATES

The earthworks described herein are limited to those above the sub-grade, so where a functional
minimum requirement for a sub-base/foundation exists, it will be provided without further discussion.
Sub-grade is defined as the soil or rock generally prepared and compacted to support for example a
structure, a road or a pavement system.

1.2. DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this specification the following definitions shall apply:

Site:
Area where oil, gas, chemical facilities, plant complex or a terminal incl. Comprising the total of all
on-plot and off-plot areas.

On-plot areas:
Area(s) (to be) occupied by utility and processing units, including associated control rooms,
electrical
sub-stations, analyser houses, stacks, interconnecting pipe tracks, flares and plant roads.

Off-plot areas:
Area(s) where administration buildings, workshops, laundries, warehouses, materials yards, storage
tank compounds, pump stations, fire-fighting station, training grounds, pipe tracks and main roads
are located.

1.3. GENERAL MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

The minimum technical requirements as laid down in this specification shall be applied in the design
and construction of items as listed in (1.1).

Supplementary to these requirements, the design and construction shall be in accordance with
generally accepted theories, codes, methods and good working practices. Examples of acceptable
codes are mentioned in this schedule.

Local climate, topography, soil conditions and other local requirements shall be taken into account for
design and construction as well as specific plant requirements.

Equipment, materials and working methods shall be approved by the COMPANY.

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2. ROADS

2.1. DETAILED SCOPE

This section contains minimum requirements for permanent roads. Sub-grade requirements, including
stability, embankments, etc. are not included but highlighted only.

Permanent road types and minimum widths are listed below:

Width
Main roads 8m
Plant roads 4/6 m
Off-plot heavy-duty roads 6m
Off-plot light-duty roads 4m
Patrol roads 3m
Maintenance tracks to suit

2.2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Roads generally comprise:

- a sub-grade
- a (sub)-base
- paving

A (sub)-base is required if the settlement behaviour and/or the bearing capacity of the sub-grade is
insufficient to support the paving and traffic without excessive deformations or maintenance during
the lifetime of the plant. Roads shall be of the two-lane type, except for maintenance tracks, patrol
roads
and other roads as specified by the COMPANY. Each road shall be provided with road shoulders on
both sides, except for maintenance tracks and patrol roads. Terms are defined and typical cross
sections of roads are shown in Fig.2.1.

Shoulders shall be able to support without damage slow-moving and parked vehicles for which the
road is designed.

2.3. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The functional requirements for all roads/tracks is to provide:

- a safe and reliable access to all locations of the site for those transport means (cars, trucks, cranes
and
other mobile equipment) which are required at those locations during the lifetime of the plant.

- a safe and reliable access to all installations/buildings for fire-fighting equipment and other
emergency vehicles as intended to be used for the site under consideration via at least two
independent routings under all conditions.

2.4. DESIGN AND MATERIALS

2.4.1. General

Roads on which a hydrocarbon (or chemical) spillage is expected during the lifetime of the road, shall
be surfaced with chemical-resistant (concrete)-type paving. For on-plot roads concrete is generally
used, for off-plot roads bituminous type flexible paving. From a civil engineering point of view a
flexible-type paving is preferable under all circumstances.

Design, materials and testing procedures, etc. shall be in accordance with generally accepted standards
and codes.

Crash barriers shall be provided as proposed and agreed with the COMPANY.

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2.4.2. Interface site preparation

The design of the sub-grade shall be based on the result of a geotechnical (soil mechanical and
geohydrological) survey, including calculations and determination of the grain size distribution /silt
content, plasticity index, friction properties and permeability. Average, high and the highest possible
ground water level as well as the in-situ permeability shall also be considered.

acceptance of the sub-grade and (sub)-base before surfacing, shall be based or the design requirements
and resulting criteria.
Examples of suitable tests, as far as compaction is concerned, are CBR*, plate bearing test, cone
penetration test (CPT**) or in-situ density tests in accordance with ASTM, BS or equivalent
standards.
* California Bearing Ratio ** Cone Penetration Test

Interpretation of test results shall take into consideration the maximum moisture content of the (sub)-
base/sub-grade material that is considered representative for the operating situation.

Measures shall be take to prevent intrusion of sub-grade material into the (sub)-base.

2.4.3. Heavy and light-duty roads

Heavy and light-duty roads paving shall be designed to the 'AASHTO interim guide for design of
pavement structures' or equivalent standard as acceptable to the COMPANY. Design factors, which
are prescribed by - but not quantified in the above guide, shall be proposed to and agreed with the
COMPANY. In the case of the AASHTO publication, the design factors include:

 (normally) high ground water level

 non uniform soil support (settlement/differential settlements sub-grade)
 Soil support value S (flexible paving).
 equivalent 80 KN singly-axle loads
 regional factor
 modulus of sub-grade reaction value K (rigid paving)
 working stress of concrete (rigid paving).

The terminal serviceability index for heavy and light-duty roads shall be 2.5 and 2.0 resp, as defined
in the AASHTO publication. The concrete working stress as defined in this publication may be
derived from the standard splitting strength.

The road construction (i.e. sub-base and paving) shall be adequately supported horizontally either by a
sufficiently paved berm or by a vertical retaining element, e.g. concrete kerb.

The roads listed below shall be of the heavy-duty type:

 main roads on site. All roads in and around processing units, utility areas and yards.
 roads to and around main buildings and loading facilities.
 main access roads to the site.

Light-duty roads comprise all other roads on site except:

 patrol roads (2.4.4)
 maintenance tracks (2.4.5).

Road width depends on size of heavy equipment to be transported, but shall be at least 6 m wide
(access roads 8 m); light-duty roads shall be 4 m as indicated under (2.1). Road shoulders on either
side shall have a minimum width of 2 m for heavy and 1.5 m for light-duty roads.

The boundary between the road and road shoulder shall be clearly marked with lines or a kerb.
Openings shall secure the dewatering of the road surface.

The crown of all heavy duty and on plot light duty roads shall be 150 mm above highest point of
paving. The paved areas adjacent to the roads shall have a smooth transition to the edge of the roads.
The slope in longitudinal direction of heavy duty roads shall be 1 in 20 maximum and for light duty
roads 1 in 10.

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Flexible pavings shall have a minimum thickness of 50 mm.

The rigid paving for heavy duty roads shall have a minimum thickness of 250 mm and 150 mm for
light duty roads.

2.4.4. Field operational roads

Field roads shall be designed to accommodate under all relevant climatic conditions vehicles with a
maximum weight of 5 tons. Minimum width shall be 3 meters. Maximum slope shall be 12% field
roads shall be paved with a flexible type paving.

2.4.5. Maintenance tracks

Maintenance tracks specified by the COMPANY to facilitate access to (yet) un-used areas within the
property/lease boundary, shall be accessible for 4-wheel drive-type vehicles under normal weather
conditions. Vegetation’s, peat and soft clays shall be removed. Maximum slopes shall not exceed 12%
Surfacing is not required.

2.4.6. Road crossings

Roads should cross at an angle of 90 degrees.

At road crossings the edge of the paving shall have a radius of curvature of:
7.5 m for 4 m wide roads
10 m for 6 m wider roads
12 m for roads with a width of 8 m or more.

For crossings of roads of unequal width, the narrower road shall determine the radius of the curvature.

All circular edges of a heavy duty road crossing shall be in one horizontal plane.

2.4.7. Crash barriers

Crash barriers shall be applied where considered essential to protect personnel and/or equipment and
piping. For example road crossings over and under pipe(t)racks, roads close to pipe(t)racks, roads
adjacent to (steep) slopes, T-junctions, (sharp) bends.

The preferred crash barrier system consists of l-beams, steel supports embedded in the soil at 3 m
distances to carry a guard-rail of 0.75 m minimum height. The steel should be galvanized.

The system shall be able to absorb impact energy by deformation without collapse.

2.4.8. Drainage

The drainage of roads comprises surface run-off and sub- surface drainage systems.

2.4.8.1. Surface drainage

The road surface shall have a minimum lateral slope of 1:50 to provide proper drainage under all
weather conditions.
Ditches and collectors along the roads shall form an integral part of the surface drainage system of the
site.

Open ditches and channels along roads in on-plot areas shall be concrete lined.
The need for lining of ditches and channels along other roads depends on the possibility of spillages
and erosion sensitivity of the (sub)soil.

2.4.8.2. Roads crossing (natural) drainage systems

Roads often interfere with the natural drainage of areas or existing drainage systems. If so, the
(natural) drainage shall be restored, e.g. by means of culverts, ditches, rerouting of water courses, etc.
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Design shall be based on extreme conditions, e.g. rainfall (intensity of a storm with a recurrence
period of 30 years) and, if appropriate, on the result of a hydrological survey.

(Rain)water from outside the fence shall be diverted in consultation with the COMPANY to prevent
its
(uncontrolled) passing through the site.

2.5. CONSTRUCTION

It shall be ensured at any time that all parts of a site are accessible.

Where practicable, construction roads shall coincide with the location of permanent roads in order to
improve the permanent road sub-grade.

Materials used for the construction of (sub)-base shall be well-graded, well draining and easy to
compact.

See site preparation and earthworks.

2.6. REFERENCES

- Site investigation Schedule B-B

- Site preparation and earth works Schedule B-CP-1

AASHTO interim guide for design of pavement structures

2.7. Bituminous Prime Coat and Tack Coat

2.7.1. General

The work covered by this section shall consist in Furnishing all plant, Labour, equipment and
materials, and in performing all operations in connection with the application of a bituminous prime
coat and tack coat.

2.7.2. Materials

The bituminous prime and tack coats for the purposes of this section shall consist of an application of
asphaltic material respectively on a previously prepared sub-base / aggregate base / course or layer of
bituminous base and/or binder course.

2.7.3. Bituminous Material

The bituminous material to be used for the prime coat shall conform to the following kind, grade and
specifications:
- Medium curing cut-back Asphalt, Grade MC-70 conforming to the requirements of AASHTO
M82.
The bituminous material to be used for the tack coat shall conform to the following kind, grade
and specifications.
- Emulsified Asphalt, Grade RS-1 conforming to the requirements of ASTM D 977.
Depending on the possibilities of obtaining bituminous material, the COMPANY may modify
the
type and gradation of the material for the prime coat and tack coat.

2.7.4. Sample and testing

All samples of bituminous material, unless otherwise specified shall be taken in accordance with the
requirements of AASHTO T 40.
All samples and tests shall be supplied and carried out by the CONTRACTOR at his expense.

2.7.5. Equipment

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All equipment, tools and machines, used in the performance of the work required by this section shall
be subject to the approval of the COMPANY and shall be maintained in satisfactory working
condition at all times.

2.7.6. Construction Requirements

2.7.6.1. Preparation of road surface

Immediately before applying the prime and/or tack coats, all loose material, dirt, clay or other
objectionable material, shall be removed from the surface to be coated with a power broom or blower
supplemented with hand brooms, as directed by the COMPANY.
After the cleaning operation, and prior to the application of the prime and/or tack coats, an inspection
of the area to be coated will be made by the COMPANY to determine its fitness to receive the
bituminous material.
That portion of the sub-base prepared for immediate priming, if considered excessively dry, shall be
lightly sprinkled with water immediately in advance of the application, as directed by the COMPANY,
to assure a uniform spread of the bituminous material.

2.7.6.2. Temperature of Bituminous Materials at Time of Application of temperature shall be

as follows:

MC-70 between 50 degree C and 10 degree C and

RS-1 between 10 degree C and 50 degree C.

2.7.6.3. Protection of Adjacent Structures

When bituminous materials are being applied, the surfaces of all structures, wheel guards, guardrail
curbs and gutters, and other roadway appurtenances shall be protected in a manner approved by the
COMPANY to prevent them from being splattered with bituminous material or marred by equipment
operation. In the event that any appurtenance becomes splattered or marred, the CONTRACTOR
shall at his own expense, remove all traces of bituminous material, and repair all damages and leave
the appurtenances in an approved condition.

2.7.6.4. Prime coat

Following the preparation of the base course, the bituminous material shall be applied by means of a
bituminous distributor at the temperature specified previously. The bituminous material shall be so
applied at the pressure and in the amounts as directed by the COMPANY.

The CONTRACTOR shall furnish and spread sufficient approved clean fine sand on areas which show
an excess of prime coat to blot up and cure the excess.

2.7.6.5. Tack coat

Following the preparation of the surface of bituminous base and binder course, the bituminous
material shall be applied by means of bituminous distributor at the temperature specified.

The bituminous material shall be applied at the pressure and in the amount as directed by the
COMPANY. The coating material shall be so applied that uniform distribution is obtained at all points
of the surface to be treated.

Unless the distributor is equipped so as to obtain satisfactory results at the junction of previous and
subsequent application, building paper shall be spread on the surface for a sufficient distance back
from the ends of each application so that flow through the sprays may be started and stopped on the
paper, and that all sprays will be operating at full force on the surface to be treated. Immediately after
the application, the building paper shall be removed and destroyed. All spots unavoidably missed by
the distributor shall be properly treated with bituminous material.

The surface coated shall be allowed to dry until the volatiles have dried out or evaporated from the
tack
material and it is in a proper condition of tackiness to receive the second layer of base (if any), the
binder or wearing courses respectively. Tack coat shall be applied only so far in advance of the

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overlaying bituminous course as is necessary to obtain this proper condition of tackiness, which period
shall be determined by the COMPANY.

The use of pneumatic tyred rollers on a freshly applied tack coat may be allowed to obtain uniformity
of coverage and to remove any excess of tack coat.

2.7.6.6. Quantity Control

The check of the quantity of binder distributed shall be performed as per ASTM D 2995-
"Determining Application Rate of Bituminous Distributors".

The coated surfaces shall be maintained by the CONTRACTOR until the succeeding course of
pavement has been placed.
During this interval the CONTRACTOR shall protect the coated surfaces against damage and shall
repair all broken spots.

2.7.6.7. Weather limitations

Bituminous material shall be applied only when the surface is dry, when the atmospheric temperature
in the shade is above 5 degree C if rising or above 10 degree C if falling, when the weather is not
dusty, foggy or rainy, during a sand storm nor when one has been forecast and when the previously
prepared layer is approved and in satisfactory condition.

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3. PAVING

3.1. DETAILED SCOPE

This section describes the minimum requirements for paved areas, e.g.

 Plant areas
 Material Yards
 Cleaning Yards
 Parking areas
 Pump slabs
 Parts of on-plot pipe(t)racks which contain flanged connections, valves of sampling points.

Paving is generally limited to those parts of a site where spillage of chemicals or hydrocarbons from
(mis)operations and maintenance cannot be excluded, or where loads other than personnel on foot
shall be accommodated.

3.2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Paving consists of a reinforced concrete layer i.e. the pavement slab which rests on the sub-grade
prepared during the site preparation. A sub-base to support the paving may be required depending on
the sub-grade. Typical cross sections of standard light and heavy-duty paving are shown in Fig.3.1.
The paved areas are divided into slabs separated by expansion joints. Prevention of chemical spillage
or hydrocarbons into the subsoil through the joints may be necessary.

In areas where light-duty paving is sufficient without the probability of a spillage, tiles or bricks may
be acceptable.

3.3. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Functional requirements for paving areas are:

 Provision of reliable and easy access of personnel and equipment for construction, operation and
maintenance.
 Provision of a foundation base for light equipment, such as sheds, racks, ladders, stairs, pipe
supports, etc.
 Protection of the soil and the ground water against a spillage of chemicals incl. hydrocarbons
 Prevention of erosion of the soil.
 Routing of spillages (water, chemicals, oil, gas) to sumps and drains.

3.4. DESIGN AND MATERIALS

3.4.1 Paving classification

Paving is classified as follows:

 Light-duty paving (standard)
 Heavy-duty paving (standard)
 Special paving.

3.4.2. General

The application of standard light or heavy-duty paving is preferred. Only if functional requirements
(3.3) cannot be met by standard paving, or when special paving shall be designed specified by the
COMPANY.

3.4.3. Site preparation interface

The sub-grade shall be prepared prior to the construction of the sub-base and the paving. If required,
the prepared sub-grade shall be tested to verify whether e.g. the compaction satisfies the requirements.
Suitable tests are plate-bearing test, in-situ density tests, shallow CPTs, CBR, etc., in accordance with
ASTM, BS or equivalent standards.

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Measures shall be taken to prevent intrusion of sub-grade material into the (sub)-base layer(s) of the
pavement structure.

3.4.4. Calculation method

Paving slabs shall be designed in accordance with accepted rational methods, e.g. modified
Westergaard's formulae.

A modulus of sub-grade reaction is normally used to represent all soil supporting the concrete paving
slabs. To determine or to verify the modulus, the standard plate bearing test, with a 762 mm (30 in.)
diameter plate, shall be used. For other diameters or methods the results shall be corrected to obtain a
value comparable with the standard method.

The calculated concrete tensile stresses shall be lower than the working stress for the selected concrete
grade.
The working stress shall be taken as 75 times the concrete flexural tensile strength. It depends on the
height of the test sample and is defined by AASHTO T.97.

The function of steel wire fabric reinforcement is to prevent uncontrolled cracking due to stresses
resulting from sliding of the slab and not to contribute to the actual tensile strength of the paving.
When the contribution of the reinforcement is considered this shall be based on the linear elastic stress
theory.

The design of the wire mesh shall take into account the maximum friction forces due to sliding. The
forces are dependent on slab base friction and weight of the slab only.

Apart from the sub-grade reaction the consequences of (short and long term) settlements and
differential settlements shall also be taken into consideration.

Locations of contraction/expansion joints shall be selected similarly to and together with slab
reinforcements to prevent uncontrolled cracking as a result of shrinkage, thermal
expansion/contraction, natural changes in moisture content and other conditions (acceptable tensile
strain .015 percent).

Special paving may be required to support higher loads or to satisfy additional requirements. The
design principles shall be the same as described above. Alternative methods shall require
COMPANY's approval.

3.4.5. Standard light and heavy-duty paving (see Fig.3.1)

For light-duty paving the layer thickness shall be 100 mm as a minimum and the minimum
reinforcement, one layer of 7 mm steel wire fabric 200 x 200 mm, material A 193 in accordance with
BS 4483 or equivalent.

For heavy-duty paving the layer thickness shall be 150 mm as a minimum and the minimum
reinforcement, two layers of 7 mm steel wire fabric 200 x 200 mm, material A 193 in accordance with
BS 4483 or equivalent.

3.4.6. Expansion and contraction joints

Expansion joints shall be provided between two adjacent slabs. Generally, no dowels are required and
the joint comprises a gap of sufficient width to cater for local temperature differentials. It shall be
filled with an elastic joint filler and sealed with a chemical resistant sealant.

Contraction joints shall be spaced not more than 10 m apart. Maximum slab size shall be 20 x 20 m.

3.4.7. Drainage

Paving shall have a minimum slope of 1:100.

3.5. CONSTRUCTION

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A sub-base shall have a minimum thickness of 250 mm and shall be made of well drained, well
graded, uniformly compacted, granular material.

The concrete shall be thoroughly densified applying a vibrator or other suitable equipment.

After pouring and finishing, the concrete shall be prevented from drying for at least seven days. The
minimum of 7 days curing may be achieved by application of a curing compound.

Steel reinforcement shall have a minimum cover of 40 mm and if only one layer is required this shall
be placed at 0.6 times the slab thickness above the bottom satisfying the cover requirements.
For aggressive environments (chemical attack), an increased cover is required and shall be agreed with
the COMPANY.

3.6. REFERENCES

Site preparation and earthworks Schedule (B-CP-1)

Site investigation Schedule (B-B)

Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete BS 4483

AASHTO interim guide for design of pavement structures

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4. SURFACING OF UNPAVED AREAS

4.1. DETAILED SCOPE

This section describes minimum technical requirements for the surfacing of those areas within the
boundary fence, which do not require paving.

These areas are generally limited to those parts of a site where no hydrocarbon (chemical) spill is
expected, and where the surface normally does not need to support loads other than personnel on foot.

4.2. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Surfacing of unpaved areas shall fulfill to:

 Prevent soil erosion by wind and water.
 be able to support people on foot and light vehicles i.e. land rover type.
 keep the subject area clear of undesirable vegetation.

4.3. DESIGN

The surfacing shall be durable and shall have minimal maintenance requirements. In the case of a fire
it shall be preferably inert or self-extinguishing. The ground water shall not be polluted, if necessary, a
drainage system shall be provided for.

Slow-growing grass is generally preferred. If an acceptable safety distance exists to the nearest fire
hazard area, the COMPANY may approve other forms of vegetation. For gardens and landscaping,
requirements shall be specified by the COMPANY.

In all on-plot areas inert material, e.g. gravel is required in a layer thickness of at least 50 mm.
Measures shall be taken to minimize growth of vegetation.

Off-plot areas shall preferably be covered with slow-growing grass. Other types of surfacing, e.g.
gravel, shall require COMPANY's approval.

4.4. MATERIALS

Inert materials as mentioned in (4.3) shall be durable under local conditions. Crushed, sound rock,
coarse gravel, sand- cement mixes and blast furnace slag is generally acceptable.

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5. CABLE TRENCHES

This section is limited to general civil engineering minimum requirements only.

Cable trenches shall have a minimum depth of 600 mm for 1 layer of cables to a maximum of 1000
mm for 3 layers of cables.
Trenches shall be filled with graded, non-angular, well draining, compacted sand free of sharp
particles, e.g. sieved.
Salty sand shall not be used unless specifically approved by the COMPANY.

In paved and unpaved areas, cables shall be shielded by cable tiles at a depth of at least 350 mm below
final grade. Under concrete paving no cable tiles are required.
In paved areas, trenches which need to remain accessible shall be covered with removable concrete
panels. Panels shall be designed to the same standard as the surrounding paving.

If trenches in paved areas need not remain accessible, the permanent paving should be continuous.

The location of trenches shall be clearly indicated on the surface, by colour code in paved areas and
by signs in unpaved areas.

Instrument trenches shall always cross at 90 degree angles with power and lighting cables. For the
upper one a 'bridge' comprising a concrete bottom slab supported on the walls of the lower trench shall
be constructed to facilitate excavation of the lower cable trench.

Instrument trenches shall be apart minimum 0.6 m and maximum 2 m for at least 10 percent of the
distance over which they run in parallel with trenches for power cables and lighting.

The bottom of trenches should be above the permanent ground water table.

The cables shall have a minimum distance of 0.3 m to buried pipelines. In the case of hot lines the
pipe shall be insulated to limit the temperature at the outside to 60ø°C maximum.

Cables should cross underneath buried pipelines.

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AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY SCHEDULE “B-CP-2”
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AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY SCHEDULE “B-CP-2”
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6. EROSION PROTECTION OF SLOPES, EMBANKMENTS, DITCHES, OPEN
DRAINS, etc.

6.1. DETAILED SCOPE

The scope of this section is limited to erosion protection aspects.

6.2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Examples of erosion protection layers are:

 Concrete slabs or blocks, mortar
 flexible asphaltic, bituminous products, e.g. sand bitumen mix.
 impermeable polyethylene (for equivalent) clothing, anchored with tiles, brickwork, rock, etc.
 layer of (crushed) rock, gravel, tiles and brickwork, if required in combination with filter cloth.
 grass.

A filter cloth shall be applied if a wash out of sand or sandy material is expected under the erosion
protection layer (e.g. brickwork, joint of slabs, cracks in the protection layer, etc.) the possibility of
cracking should also be considered.

6.3. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Slopes for example bund walls, cuts, embankments, open drains and ditches shall be protected against
erosion and subsequent damage and failure on a micro scale as a consequence of wind, water, and
spillages.

Protection against failure on a macro scale (slope stability) can be initiated but is not a function of
erosion protection and not considered in this specification.

In the case of the accidentally contamination of a drainage system, the cover layer of open drains and
drains and ditches shall protect the subsoil against pollution by hydrocarbon/chemical products.

6.4. DESIGN

Erosion protection systems shall be selected to cope with all requirements under all conditions.

Erosion protection systems (e.g. concrete slabs, blocks, etc.) shall be sufficiently supported to prevent
sliding downward, e.g. as a consequence of temperature movements, own weight, etc.

6.5. MATERIALS

Materials shall be consistent with the relevant ASTM standard or the equivalent accepted by the
COMPANY.

6.6. CONSTRUCTION

Slopes shall be compacted and trimmed adequately before installation of erosion protection layers to
prevent local failure. Working methods shall be agreed by the COMPANY.

6.7. REFERENCES

Site preparation and earthworks. Schedule B-CP-1

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