NAME: TAUSEEF MUSHTAQAHANGER

S/O: MUSHTAQ AHMAD AHANGER

SEMESTER: 6th
ROLL NO. :06
PHONE:9149949496
2022

DATA BOOK FOR SUBJECT MECHINE DESIGN.

 KNUCKLE JOINT

General proportions of the knuckle joint

in terms of diameter are as follows:

Diameter of the knuckle pin ( d1 ) =d

Outer diameter of the eye (d2) =2d
Diameter of knuckle pin head and collar d3 = 1.5d
Thickness of single eye or rod end (t)=1.25d
Thickness of fork (t1) =0.75d
Thickness of pin head (12)=0.5d
Thickness of forked end (t3) =1.1d
Length of single eye end from centre (L1)=4d
Length of forked end from centre
(L2)=4,5d
Lenght of hexagonal end of the fork
(13)=1.2d
Length of pin outside the collar (4) =1.2d
Inner radius of fork (R1)=0.6d and
=1.2d outer radius of fork (R2)

Various Methods Of Failure f The

Joint.

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 a) Failure of solid rod intension :
¬799555P= (T÷4)(d)o)
b) Failure of kuckle pin in
shear:
P= 2(+4) x (d1)xt where T-
shear stress
c) Failure of single eye rod in
tension:
P= (d2-d1) xx ¡t where t is the
cotter.
thickness of
d) Failure of single eye rod in
shearing:
P= (dz-di) xtx T
e) Failure of single eye rod in
crushing:
P= d1xtxoc
) Failure of forked end in tension :
P=(dz-di) x2t;x G.

g) Failure of forked end in shear:

P=(dz-d1) x2t;x T
h) Failure of forked end in crushing:
P= dx2tiX0

FORMULA :Permissibile stress = ultimate stress +FOS

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om
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-.24
 SOCKET AND SPIGOT COTTER
JOINT

Dimensions of socket and spigot

cotter joint

d= Dlameter of rods

d1 = outside diamter of socket =1.75d

d2= diameter of spigot or inside dia of socket =1.21d
d3= outside dia of spigot cotter = 1.5d
d4 = diamter of socket collar = 2.4d

t= thickness of cotter = 0.31d

t1 =thickness of spigot collar =0.45d
a distance from end of slot to end of rod =0.75d
bs mean width of cotter =1.3d

cuthickness of socketcotter 0.75d

emin. distance of socket enf from shaft 1.2d
L= length of cotter a4d

Ot permissbletensile stress for rod materlal

Oc and crushing and shearing stress of the cotter material.

Also (t =d+4)
Modes Of Failure Of Socket And Spigot
Joint:

1.Failure of the rods in tension:

P=(T+4)(d')(o)
2. Failure of the spigot in tension
across the weakest section:
P=(T+4 (di)' -d:xt)O

3. Failure of the rod or cotter in crusing

or shearing:
P= daxt x O:
4.Failure of the socket in tension
across the slot:
P=[n+4((d)'-(di)) -(i -d)xt|or
5. Failure of cotter in shear:
P=2 xb xt xT

6.Failure of the socket collar in

crushing:
P=(d -d)xtx Oe
7.Failure of socket end in shearing :
P=2(d1-d)xcxT
8.Failure of the rod end in shear:
P= 2xaxd:x t

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 rod or cotterin crusing
3. Failure ofthe
or shearing :
P=daxt x Oe
socket in tension
4. Failure of the
across the slot
P=[re4{ (di)'-(d:)) - (dh -di)xt) o
shear:
5. Failure of cotter in
P=2xb xt xt
6.Failure of thesocket collar in
crushing:
P=(de -d.)»xtx O:
7. Failure of socket end in shearing :
P= 2(d-d,)xcxt
8.Failure of the rod end in shear :
P=2xaxd:x T

9.Failure of spigot collar in

crushing:
P=T4{(d)' -(d)'} o:
10. Failure of spigot collar in
P=daxt I shearing:
Length(L) and
calculated. minimum distance(e) of socket end from shaft is then

emScannar
Scar with
 Flange coupling
Torque transmitted T = 60P+2rN
1. Design of shaft
Torque = T= (r+16)x'xt,
2. Design of flange
Internal diameter of hub =d
Outer diamter of hub = D,=2d
Pitch circle diameter = D,=3d
Outer diameter of flange = D,=4d
Length of hub =L =1.5d
Thickness of flange =t=0.5d
Thickness of projected portion of flange =d+4
3. Design of bolts
Number of bolts are selected from table showing
diameter of shaft and no of bolts (n)
c/s area of bolts =(r+4)d,?
tangential force acting on 'n' bolts = (T+4)d,²xt Xn
torque transmitted by 'n' bolts =
(T+4)d,'xt,Xnx(D+2)
4. Design of key
Torque transmitted by key in shear T= IxwxtK(ind) X(d+2)
Torque transmitted by key in crushing
T= Ix(t+2) x0cinduced) x(d÷2)
Check for flange
T=(+16)[D-d]tcd
D
 Design of Shafts
Power transmitted by shaft = P= 2rNT+60
T= Px60÷ (2rN)
Maxmimum torque Tmax= (tr³):2 or td³+16
R³=2Tmax+ tIt
Torsion equation

Tmax+J= Ge+L=T÷r
J=(r+32) d+
Torsional equation relation b/w shear stress and radius =
T|= (t÷r)r1
Considering strength of the shaft torsionaleguation =
TmaxJ= T÷r
Considering stiffness
Tmax+J = GO+L

Torque transmitted by hollow shaft

T= (+16)xrxD°(1-k)
K= d+D = 0.5
Maximum bending moment wxL
Also max bending mnoment (r+32) xo,xd'
Bending moment at centre M= Rx(L42)
Percentage of saving =d'-(do-d?d'x100

A) Rankine theory M,
And M=(+32)d'o
=1+2[M+v(M'+T))
b) Guests theory Te=V(M'+T)
and T=(r+16)d'xt
lkgfcm =9.8×10Nmm
Tangentialforce F 2T+D
Normal load acting on gear w= Ftcosa
Reactions at end supports RA=Rs
Bending moments M= Rax100
Twisting moments T=V(M4T)and (r+16)d'xt
 Design of key ( Determination of key
dimensions)
Tetorque transmnitted byshaft
T= thickness of key = d+6
d= diameter of shaft
|= length of key
F= tangential force acting on the circumfrence of the
shaft
W= width of key = d+4
I=shear stress induced in the material of key
o= crushing stress induced in the material of key

considering shear strength of key , Torque transmitted by

key
T= IxwXx(d+2)
Considering torsional shearing strength of the key the.
torque transmitted bythe shaft
T=(r+16) xxd³

Considering crushing strength of key the torque

transmitted by the key is given by
T= Ix(t+2)xo_x(d+2)
To find length of they to transmit fullpower of the shat:
, the shearing strength of the key is considered equl to
the torsional shear strength of the shaft and crushing
strength respectively and larger value istaken.

A/cto Maximum shear stress theory, the max

shear stress for shaft =tmax=Oyt+(2 FOS)
Where o= yied strength of shaft
And for key ty= Oy(2FOS) where oy= yield strengtho
key

Also o=oy+FOS
 Effect of keyway on shaft strength
H.F.MOORE

e= 1-0.2(w÷d)-1.1(h÷d)
e= shaft strength factor. This shaft strength is the ratio
of the strength of shaft with keyways to the strength of
the same shaft without keyways

w= width of keyway
d= diameter of shaft

h=depth of keyway= t2
when keyway is long and is of sliding type, then the angle
of twist is increased i the ratio k which is given by the
relation
k= 1+0.4(w÷d)-0.7(h÷d)
k= reduction factor for angular twist
POWER P= 2rnT-60
 Torque transmitted from power given T= Px60+2rtn (in
metres )
Normal strength of shaft is gven by=(r+16)xxd'xe
Shear strength = Ixwxx(d+2)

Torque transmitted by the shaft =T =(nd²+16) xob

Where o, = safe bearing strength
Diameter of shaft d=V16T - ( XOu) (in metres)
Tngential force on the surface of the shaft , F= torque
radius of shaft

Shearing stress of key ok - Fiwxl

Crushing stress of key o.=2F÷wxl
Fos for shearing =ultimate shaering stress + shaering
stress of key
Fos for crushing = ultiamte crushing stress÷rushung
Induced shearing and crushing stresses
 Method1.

Tangential load at radius shaft =Te(d+2) where t= torque

Area of key that resists shearing A,= lw
Induced shear stress in th key t = wiA,
Area that resists crushing =A=x(t+2)
Induced crushing stress = w÷A

Method 2.
Torque transmitted by key in shear, T= Ixwxtx(d+2)
Also torgue transmitted in crushing, T= k(t+2) xG_x(d+2)
n/mm
Torsional moment given in newton metres convert into
 Welding Joints
Strength of transversefillet welds:
1. Tensile strength for the joint for single
fillet weld /strength of single
transverse weld:
P= throat area x allowable tensilestress
P=0.707xsxlxo,
S= leg or size of weld = thickness of plate
L=length of weld
2. Tensile strength for the joint for double
/parallel fillet welds :
P=l414 xsxlxt

Starting and stopping of weld run = 12.5

stress concentration factor for welded joints
Type of joint stress concentration factor
Reinforced butt welds 1.2

Toe or transverse fillet welds 1.5(ot)

End of parallel fillet weld 2.7(t)
T butt joint with sharp 2.0

Corner
 Design of riveted joints
, Design of single riveted lap
1.

a)
joint:
Diameter of rivet , d=6.05vt, unwins rule
t>8mm
b) Pullin shearing ,( single shear of rivet) P, =
(7+4)xd²xt
c) Pull in tension ,P, = (p-d)xtxo,
d) IBR, minimum and maximum pitch = 2d and
1.31t+41.28 respectively
e) Efficiency =(p-d) x100
P
P= pitch
Double riveted lap joint
a) Rivet diameter, d=6.05Vt,
b) Pull in tension ,P, = (p-d)xtxo
c) Pull in shearing, P, =
(+4)xd'x2r
d) IBR, minimum and maximum pitch =
2d and 2.62t+41.28
e) Efficiency ,n=(p-d) xi00
P
)
IBR,distance between rows for chain
riveting 2d
g) Distance
between rows 20.8p
h) IBR, distance
between rows for zig
zag riveting 0.33p +o.67d
i) Distance between rowS o.6p
Failure of the joint
i) Shearing strength of rivet
P=(r*4)xdx2r
k) Tearing strength , P=
(p-d)xtxo;
) Crushing strength of the
rivet P =
ndto
 8.IBR, 6.Max
P=(p-d)txo
7. strength,
4.Tearing
5. 3. 2.Triple L.
2. 1.
Failure
design of Distance RiverCrushing
Shearing P,=P
Shearing
crushing 3. 3(T+4) Tearing
pxtxo; d'xt back pitch pitch =D
riveted
between strength
strength ift
eff. efficiency
efficiency pitch (|BR) =>
n X100 = P=P, <8) lap
= o.33p+o.67d =
3xdxae rows
3.47t+41.28 , , joint
pxot n:= n= P=3(*4)xdxt
P=
(p-d)x100 = 3xdxtxoe
P 0.6p
x
100