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    Support and Locomotion

    Uploaded by

    diegocmako

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Support and Locomotion

    Uploaded by

    diegocmako
    3 views1 page

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views1 page

    Support and Locomotion

    Uploaded by

    diegocmako

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION

    This is a combination of tough structures or fluids responsible for provision of support and movement in
    organisms.
    Actions of Skeletal muscles

     Moving the lower arm involves the movement around a joint, the elbow and this is achieved by
    the action of an antagonistic pair of muscles which are the biceps and the triceps.
     Bending a hinge joint is called flexion and straightening it is called extension. The muscles that
    cause flexion are known as flexor and that causes extension is called extensor. At the elbow, the
    biceps muscle is the flexor while the triceps is the extensor.
     When the muscles return to their original length, they relax.
     The upper muscles contain a single bone, called the humerus. The bone fits into the spherical
    socket in the shoulder bone or scapula. At the elbow, the humerus joins the ulna (which is the
    first lower arm bone) and the radius (which is the second lower arm bone).
     The biceps muscle is joined to the scapula and humerus at one end, and to the ulna at the other.
    The triceps muscle is joined to the scapula at one end and to the ulna at the other. The ‘Bi’ and
    ‘Tri’ are the names given to the number of places at which each of the muscles is joined at the
    upper end. The biceps is joined in two places and the triceps in three.
     Each muscle is joined to the bones by a bundle of strong, non-stretching fibres called a tendon.
    The two sets of muscles do not contract together when the biceps contract, the triceps relax to
    ensure movement.

    Types of joints

    Type Example Explanation


    Slightly movable joints Bones are supported by a layer of
    a. Gliding joints Wrist and ankle joints cartilage and only slightly restricted
    b. Rotating joints Joints just below the skull movement are permitted. Such joints are
    capable of sustaining heavy loads.
    Movable (synovial joints) Each bone is covered by a cartilage and
    a. Hinge joints Elbow and knee the 2 bones are separate forming a
    synovial fluid.
    b. Ball and socket Between the arms and shoulder Ball and socket joints are where rounded
    joints Between the thigh and pelvis heads of one bone fits into a socket or
    cavity of another bone. Allowing
    movements in all planes (directions).

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