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Semester IV
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CHE-HC-4014: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III

(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)
Theory: 60 Lectures
Course Objective: This course introduces students to coordination chemistry. Various
aspects like nomenclature, structure, bonding, variety and reactivity of the coordination
compounds are included for the students to appreciate.
Bioinorganic chemistry is included in this course to acquaint students on the useful and
harmful aspects of metals in biological systems.
Through the accompanying lab course, experiments related to gravimetric analysis, synthesis
of coordination compounds and separation of metal ions using chromatography is included.
This will broaden the experimental skills of the students where students will learn about
various aspects of experiment design depending upon the requirements like synthesis,
estimation or separation.
Learning Outcome: On successful completion, students will be able name coordination
compounds according to IUPAC, explain bonding in this class of compounds, understand
their various properties in terms of CFSE and predict reactivity. Students will be able to
appreciate the general trends in the properties of transition elements in the periodic table
and identify differences among the rows.
Through the experiments students not only will be able to prepare, estimate or separate metal
complexes/compounds but also will be able to design experiments independently which they
should be able to apply if and when required.

Coordination Chemistry:
Coordination compounds, types of ligands, Werner’s theory, IUPAC nomenclature and
isomerism in coordination compounds. Stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6
coordination numbers.

Valence bond theory (inner and outer orbital complexes), electroneutrality principle and back
bonding. Crystal field theory, measurement of 10 Dq (Δo), CFSE in weak and strong fields,
pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of 10 Dq (Δo, Δt).Octahedral vs. tetrahedral
coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry Jahn-Teller theorem, square
planar geometry. Qualitative aspects of ligand field and MO Theory.
Chelate effect, polynuclear complexes, labile and inert complexes.
(26 Lectures)
Transition Elements:

General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration, colour, variable
valency, magnetic and catalytic properties, ability to form complexes. Stability of various

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oxidation states and e.m.f. (Latimer & Frost diagrams). Difference between the first, second
and third transition series.

Chemistry of Ti, V, Cr Mn, Fe and Co (Chemistry of first -row transition elements) in various
oxidation states as halides, oxides, hydroxides.
(18 Lectures)
Lanthanoids and Actinoids:
Electronic configuration, oxidation states, colour, spectral and magnetic properties,
lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion-exchange method only).
(6 Lectures)

Bioinorganic Chemistry:
Metal ions present in biological systems, classification of elements according to their action
in biological system. Geochemical effect on the distribution of metals. Sodium / K-pump,
carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase. Excess and deficiency of some trace metals.
Toxicity of metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), reasons for toxicity, Use of chelating agents in
medicine.

Iron and its application in bio-systems, Haemoglobin; Storage and transfer of iron.
(10 Lectures)
Recommended Books:
1. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G. and Gaus, P. L., Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Ed.,
Wiley, 2007.
2. Huheey, J. E., Keiter, E. A., Keiter, R. L., Medhi, O. K., Inorganic Chemistry:
Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th Ed., Pearson Education India, 2006.
3. Lippard, S.J. & Berg, J.M. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Panima Publishing
Company, 1994.
4. Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 6th Ed., Wiley-VCH,
2007.
5. Basolo, F, and Pearson, R.C., Mechanisms of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley &
Sons, NY, 1967.
6. Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw, A., Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Ed., Elsevier India,
2010.
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CHE-HC-4012: LAB
60 Lectures
Gravimetric Analysis:
i. Estimation of nickel(II) using dimethylglyoxime (DMG).
ii. Estimation of copper as CuSCN
iii. Estimation of iron as Fe2O3 by precipitating iron as Fe(OH)3.
iv. Estimation of Al (III) by precipitating with oxine and weighing as Al(oxine)3 (aluminium
oxinate).
Inorganic Preparations:
i. Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate, [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.H2O
ii. Cis and trans K[Cr(C2O4)2.(H2O)2] Potassium dioxalatodiaquachromate (III)
iii. Tetraamminecarbonatocobalt (III) ion
iv. Potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III)
Chromatography of metal ions

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Principles involved in chromatographic separations. Paper chromatographic separation of
following metal ions:
i. Ni(II) and Co(II)
ii. Fe(III) and Al(III)
Recommended Book:
1. Mendham, J. et al.: Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis ; 6th Ed.
Pearson Education, 2009.
2. Marr, G. and Rockett, R.W. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Van Nostrand
Reinhold. 1972.
3. Inorganic Syntheses, Vol. 1-10.
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CHE-HC-4024: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III

(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)
Theory: 60 Lectures

Course Objectives: The course intrudes students to different classes of N-based compounds,
including alkaloids and terpenoids and their potential application.
Students are expected to learn about different classes of N-based compounds; their
structures, synthesis and reactivity.
Learning Outcome: Students shall demonstrate the ability to identify and classify different
types of N-based derivatives, alkaloids and hetrocyclic compounds/explain their structure
mechanism and reactivity/critically examine their synthesis and reactions mechanism.

Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups

Preparation and important reactions of nitro and compounds, nitriles and isonitriles

Amines: Effect of substituent and solvent on basicity; Preparation and properties: Gabriel
phthalimide synthesis, Carbylamine reaction, Mannich reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive
methylation, Hofmann-elimination reaction; Distinction between 1°, 2°and 3° amines with
Hinsberg reagent and nitrous acid.

Diazonium Salts: Preparation and their synthetic applications.

(18 Lectures)

Polynuclear Hydrocarbons

Reactions of naphthalene phenanthrene and anthracene Structure, Preparation and structure

elucidation and important derivatives of naphthalene and anthracene; Polynuclear
hydrocarbons.
(8 Lectures)

Heterocyclic Compounds

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Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-numbered and 6-membered rings
containing one heteroatom;
Synthesis, reactions and mechanism of substitution reactions of:
Furan, Pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Knorr pyrrole synthesis, Hantzsch
synthesis),Thiophene, Pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), Pyrimidine.
Indole: Fischer indole synthesis and Madelung synthesis).
Quinoline and isoquinoline: Skraup synthesis, Friedlander’s synthesis, Knorr quinoline
synthesis, Doebner- Miller synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski reaction, Pictet-Spengler reaction,
Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction

(22 Lectures)
Alkaloids
Natural occurrence, General structural features, Isolation and their physiological action
Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Emde’s modification, Structure elucidation and
synthesis of Nicotine. Medicinal importance of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine, Morphine,
Cocaine, and Reserpine.
(6 Lectures)
Terpenes

Occurrence, classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of structure and synthesis of Citral,

Neral and α-terpineol.
(6 Lectures)

Recommended Books:
1. Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
2. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson
Education).
3. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural
Products), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
4. Graham Solomons, T.W. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Kalsi, P. S. Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed., New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub.
6. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P.; Organic Chemistry, Oxford University
Press.
7. Singh, J.; Ali, S.M. & Singh, J. Natural Product Chemistry, Prajati Parakashan (2010).
(2010).
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CHE-HC-4022: LAB
60 Lectures
1. Detection N, S, halogens in organic compounds.
2. Functional group test for nitro, amine and amide groups.

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3. Qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds containing simple functional
groups (alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols and carbonyl compounds)
Recommended Books
1. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education
(2009)
2. Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012)
3. Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press (2000).
4. Ahluwalia, V.K. & Dhingra, S. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Qualitative Analysis, University Press (2000).
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CHE-HC-4034: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-IV

(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)
Theory: 60 Lectures

Course Objective: The aim of this course is to introduce students with primarily two areas of
physical chemistry- electrochemistry and electrical and magnetic properties of atoms and
molecules. It contains three units- conductance, electrochemistry and electrical & magnetic
properties of atoms and molecules.

Learning Outcome: In this course the students will learn theories of conductance and
electrochemistry. Students will also understand some very important topics such as solubility
and solubility products, ionic products of water, conductometric titrations etc. The students
are also expected to understand the various parts of electrochemical cells along with
Faraday’s Laws of electrolysis. The students will also gain basic theoretical idea of electrical
& magnetic properties of atoms and molecules.

Conductance
Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Conductivity, equivalent and molar
conductivityand their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes. Molar
conductivity at infinite dilution. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Debye-
Hückel-Onsager equation, Wien effect, Debye-Falkenhagen effect, Walden’s rules.

Ionic velocities, mobilities and their determinations, transference numbers and their relation
to ionic mobilities, determination of transference numbers using Hittorf and Moving
Boundary methods. Applications of conductance measurement: (i) degree of dissociation of
weak electrolytes, (ii) ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility product of
sparingly soluble salts, (iv) conductometric titrations, and (v) hydrolysis constants of salts.
(20 Lectures)
Electrochemistry
Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, rules of oxidation/reduction of ions
based on half-cell potentials.

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Chemical cells, reversible and irreversible cells with examples. Electromotive force of a cell
and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential and its
application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of EMF measurements in determining
(i) free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction, (ii) equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH
values, using hydrogen, quinone-hydroquinone, glass and SbO/Sb2O3 electrodes.
Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid junction potential; determination of
activity coefficients and transference numbers. Qualitative discussion of potentiometric
titrations (acid-base, redox, precipitation). Applications of electrolysis in metallurgy and
industry.
(28 Lectures)

Electrical & Magnetic Properties of Atoms and Molecules

Basic ideas of electrostatics, Electrostatics of dielectric media, Clausius-Mosotti equation,
Lorenz-Laurentz equation, Dipole moment and molecular polarizabilities and their
measurements. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, magnetic susceptibility and its measurement,
molecular interpretation.
(12 Lectures)

Recommended Books:
1. Atkins, P.W & Paula, J.D. Physical Chemistry, 9th Ed., Oxford University Press
(2011).
2. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed., Narosa (2004).
3. Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Elsevier: NOIDA, UP (2009).
4. Barrow, G. M., Physical Chemistry 5th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill: New Delhi (2006).
5. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall (2012).
6. Rogers, D. W. Concise Physical Chemistry Wiley (2010).
7. Silbey, R. J.; Alberty, R. A. & Bawendi, M. G. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed., John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2005).
8. Puri, B. R.; Sharma, L. R.; Pathania, M. S. Principles of Physical Chemistry,
Vishal Publishing Co.; 47th Ed. (2017)
9. Kapoor, K. L. A Textbook of Physical Chemistry (Volume 1) McGraw Hill
Education; Sixth edition (2019)

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CHE-HC-4032: LAB
60 Lectures
Conductometry

I. Determination of cell constant

II. Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation
constant of a weak acid.
III. Perform the following conductometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base
iii. Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base
iv. Strong acid vs. weak base
Potentiometry
I Perform the following potentiometric titrations:

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 i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base
iii. Dibasic acid vs. strong base
iv. Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

Recommended Books:
1. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.
Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
2. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in Physical
Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
3. Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H.
Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).

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Semester V
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CHE-HC-5014: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-IV

(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)
Theory: 60 Lectures

Course Objectives: This course introduces students to nucleic acids, amino acids and
pharmaceutical compounds.
Students will be familiarized with the importance of nucleic acids, amino acids and develop
basic understanding of enzymes, bioenergetics and pharmaceutical compounds.
Learning Outcome: Students will be able to explain/describe the important features of
nucleic acids, amino acids and enzymes and develop their ability to examine their properties
and applications.

Nucleic Acids
Components of nucleic acids; Nucleosides and nucleotides;

Synthesis and reactions of: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine;
Polynucleotides: DNA and RNA
(9 Lectures)
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins

Amino acids, Peptides and their classification.

α-Amino Acids - Synthesis, ionic properties and reactions. Zwitterions, pKa values,
isoelectric point and electrophoresis;

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