PV Module Installation Manual

Module
Applicable Module Type Certification Status
Structure
LR5-66HPH-***M LR5-72HPH-***M IEC、UL Single glass
LR5-66HBD-***M LR5-72HBD-***M IEC、UL Double glass

Safety Note
 This manual elaborates on installation and safety use information for PV power generating modules (hereinafter
referred to as module) of LONGi Solar Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as LONGi). Please abide by
all safety precautions in this guide and local regulations.
 Installation of modules requires professional skills and knowledge and is to be carried out by qualified personnel.
Please read this manual carefully before installing and using this module. Installation personnel shall get familiar
with mechanical and electrical requirements of this system. Please keep this manual properly as reference for future
maintenance or upkeep or for sales and treatment of modules.
 If you have any doubts, please contact LONGi global quality and customer service department for further
interpretation.
 Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 LAWS AND REGULATION .......................................................................................................................................... 3
3 GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 MODULES IDENTIFICATION....................................................................................................................................... 3
3.2 JUNCTION BOX STYLE AND WIRING METHOD ............................................................................................................ 5
3.3 REGULAR SAFETY .................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.4 ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE SAFETY ....................................................................................................................... 8
3.5 OPERATION SAFETY ................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.6 FIRE SAFETY ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
4 INSTALLATION CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................................................10
4.1 INSTALLATION SITE AND WORKING ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................... 10
4.2 SELECTION OF TILT ANGLES .................................................................................................................................. 10
5 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................................................11
5.1 REGULAR REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 MONOFACIAL MODULE MECHANICAL INSTALLATION .............................................................................................. 12
5.2.1 BOLTS MOUNTING .............................................................................................................................................. 12
5.2.2 CLAMP MOUNTING.............................................................................................................................................. 12
5.2.3 INSTALLATION AND MECHANICAL LOAD OF MONOFACIAL MODULE................................................................... 13
5.3 BIFACIAL MODULE MECHANICAL INSTALLATION ................................................................................................... 14
5.3.1 BOLTS MOUNTING ............................................................................................................................................... 14
5.3.2 CLAMPS INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................................................... 15
5.3.3 INSTALLATION AND MECHANICAL LOAD OF BIFACIAL MODULE ......................................................................... 16
6 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................................17
6.1 ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................................................. 17
6.2 CABLES AND WIRING ............................................................................................................................................. 17
6.3 CONNECTOR ........................................................................................................................................................... 18
6.4 BYPASS DIODE ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
6.5 PID PROTECTION AND INVERTER COMPATIBILITY ................................................................................................. 18
7 GROUNDING ...........................................................................................................................................................18
8 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................20
8.1 CLEANING .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
8.2 MODULE APPEARANCE INSPECTION ....................................................................................................................... 21
8.3 INSPECTION OF CONNECTORS AND CABLES ............................................................................................................ 21
1 Introduction
Electrical and mechanical installation information will be introduced in this installation manual, so please read
and understand the information before installing LONGi modules. In addition, this manual also contains some
safety information that you shall be familiar with. All contents in this manual are intellectual properties of
LONGi which originates from long term of technical exploration and experience accumulation of LONGi.
This installation manual does not entail any explicit or implicit quality warranty and does not stipulate on
compensation schemes for losses, module damages or other costs caused by or related to module installation,
operation, utilization and maintenance process. LONGi will not take any responsibility if patent rights or the
third party rights are infringed by use of modules. LONGi reserves the rights for modifying product manual or
installation manual without noticing in advance. It is recommended to visit our website regularly at www.longi-
solar.com for the latest version of this installation manual.
If customers fail to install modules as per requirements set forth in this manual, the limited warranty provided
for customers will be invalid. In addition, suggestions in this manual are to improve safety of module
installation, which are tested and proved by practices. Please provide this manual to PV system users for
reference and advise on PPE(Personal Protective Equipment), operation and maintenance requirements and
other suggestions.

2 Laws and Regulation

The mechanical and electrical installation of photovoltaic modules shall be in accordance with applicable
regulations, including electrical law, construction law and electrical connection requirements. These
regulations vary from sites to sites, for example, building roof installation, vehicle applications, etc.
Requirements may also vary depending on the installed system voltage, DC or AC. Please contact local
authorities for specific terms.

3 General Information
3.1 Modules Identification
3 labels on the modules contain information below:
1. Nameplate: product type, rated power, rated current, rated voltage, open circuit voltage, short circuit current
under testing conditions, certification indicator, maximum system voltage, etc.
2. Current classification label: Rated working current.(H indicates High, M indicates Medium, L indicates Low)
3. Serial Number label: A unique serial number which is laminated inside the module permanently which can
be found in the front of the module. There is another same serial number beside the module nameplate.
1 Frame 2 Glass 3 EVA 4 Solar Cell
5 Backsheet 6 Silica Gel 7 Junction Box 8 Name Plate
9 Cable 10 Connector 11 Mounting Hole 12 Grounding Hole
13 Drain Hole 14 Bar Code

Figure 1 Regular modules Mechanical drawing

（Please refer to section 3.2 for the location of the junction box. The specific version is subject to the
corresponding specification.）

Bifacial Modules (With Frame)

 Bifacial Modules (Frameless)

1 Frame 2 Front Glass 3 EVA/POE 4 Solar Cell

5 Back Glass 6 Sealent 7 Junction Box 8 Name Plate
9 Mounting Holes 10 Grounding Holes 11 Drain Holes 12 Bar Code

Figure 2 Regular Modules Mechanical Drawing

（Please refer to section 3.2 for the location of the junction box. The specific version is subject to the
corresponding specification.）

3.2 Junction box style and wiring method

Junction Box
Recommended Wiring Method
Location Icon
Vertical Installation: Standard Cable Length

Note：One end of the single row needs to be extended.

Horizontal Installation：Standard Cable Length

Vertical Installation: Standard Cable Length

Junction Box
Recommended Wiring Method
Location Icon

Note：One end of the single row needs to be extended.

Horizontal Installation：60 type PV module cable length ≥1.2m, 72 type PV
module cable length ≥1.4m

Junction Box
Recommended Wiring Method
Location Icon
Vertical Installation: Standard Cable length

Note：An extension cord is required at the rotor head of the double row module
and at the end of the single row.
Horizontal Installation：60 type PV module cable length ≥1.2m, 72 type PV
module cable length ≥1.4m, 78 type PV module cable length ≥1.5m

Vertical Installation:
Method 1：Standard cable length Method 2：Single component cable
length ≥1.2m
 Junction Box
Recommended Wiring Method
Location Icon

Horizontal Installation：Standard cable length

Junction Box
Recommended Wiring Method
Location Icon
Vertical Installation:
Method 1：Standard cable length Method 2：Single component cable
length ≥1.2m

Horizontal Installation：Standard cable length

Figure3 Junction Box Style and Wiring Method

3.3 Regular Safety

The application level of LONGi Solar module is Class Ⅱ, which can be used in systems operating at > 50 V
DC or >240 W, where general contact access is anticipated;
When the modules are for rooftop application, it is necessary to take the overall fire rating of the finished
structure as well as operation and maintenance into account. The roofing PV system shall be installed after
being evaluated by construction experts or engineers and with official analysis results for the entire structure.
It shall be proved capable of supporting extra system bracket pressure, including PV module weight.
For your safety, please do not work on the roof without PPE(Personal Protective Equipment) which include
but not limited to fall protection, ladder or stair and personal protective measures.
For your safety, please do not install or handle modules in unsafe conditions including but not limited to strong
wind or gust, damp or sandy roofs.

3.4 Electrical Performance Safety

PV modules can produce DC current under illumination, any contact of the exposed metal of the modules
connection wires may result in electrical shock or burn. Any contact of 30V or larger DC Voltage can be fatal.
In case of no connected load or external circuits, modules can still produce voltage. Please use insulation tools
and wear rubber gloves when operating modules in the sunlight.
No switch is on the PV modules. Operating of PV modules can only be stopped when they are kept from
sunlight or covered by hard board or UV-proof materials or when the angle of the modules facing sun are
placed on smooth and flat surfaces.
To avoid electric arc or electric shock hazards, please do not break down electric connection in loaded
conditions. Incorrect connections will also lead to electric arc or shock. Keep connectors dry and clean and
make sure that they are in good operating condition. Do not insert other metals into the connectors or carry out
electric connection by whatever means.
Snow, water or other reflective medium in surrounding environments that intensify light reflection will increase
output current and power. And module voltage and power will increase under low temperature condition.
If module glass or other sealing materials are damaged, please wear PPE(personal protective equipment) and
then isolate modules from the circuit.
Do not operate when modules are wet unless you wear PPE(personal protective equipment). Please follow the
cleaning requirements in this manual when cleaning modules.
Do not contact connectors with the following chemicals: Gasoline, White Flower oil , woodlock oil, Mold
temperature oil, Engine oil （such as KV46）, Grease（such as Molykote EM-50L）, Lubricating oil, Rust-
proof oil, Stamping oil, Diesel, Cooking oil, Acetone, alcohol, essential balm, Bone-setting liquid, Banana oil,
release agent（such as Pelicoat S-6）, adhesive and potting materials capable of generating oxime gas（such
as KE200、CX-200、chemlok）, TBP, cleaning agent etc.

3.5 Operation Safety

Open modules outer Package when installation.
Do not damage the package and do not drop packaged modules on the ground.
Do not exceed the indicated maximum layer limit on the packaging carton when piling modules up.
Put packaging carton in the ventilated, water-proof and dry places before unpacking modules.
Follow unpacking instructions when Opening packaging carton.
Carrying modules with the junction box or wires are strictly forbidden.
Do not stand or walk on modules.

To avoid glass to be damaged, heavy objects are not allowed on modules.

Be careful when placing modules at corners in particular.

Do not try to dismantle the module or remove nameplate or parts of modules.

Do not paint or apply any other adhesive on modules.
Do not damage or scratch backsheet of modules.
Do not drill holes on the frame of module, which may reduce frame loading capacity and lead to frame
corrosion and invalidation of the limited warranty provided for customers
Do not scratch anodic coating of aluminum alloy frame except for grounding connection. Scratch may lead to
frame corrosion and reduce frame loading capacity and long-term reliability.
Do not repair problematic modules on your own.

3.6 Fire Safety

Please refer to local laws and regulations before installing modules and abide by requirements on building fire
protection. According to the corresponding certification standards, the fire rating of LONGi modules is Class
C.
The roof should be coated by a layer of fireproof materials with suitable fire protection rating for roofing
installation and make sure that the back sheet and the mounting surface are fully ventilated.
Different roof structures and installation modes will affect fireproof performance of buildings. Improper
installation may lead to the risk of fire.
To guarantee roof fire rating, the distance between module frame and roof surface must be ≥10cm. (4in)
Adopt proper module accessories such as fuse, circuit breaker and grounding connector according to local
regulations.
Please do not apply modules in where exposed inflammable gases are nearby.

4 Installation Conditions
4.1 Installation Site and Working Environment
The modules cannot be used in space
Do not manually focus sunlight with mirrors or magnifying glass onto modules.
LONGi modules shall be installed on proper buildings or other appropriate places (such as ground, garage,
building outer wall, roof, PV tracking system) but shall not be installed on any vehicles.
Do not install modules at places that are possible to be flooded.
LONGi suggests that modules be installed in the working environment with the temperature of -20℃ to 50℃
of which is the monthly average highest and lowest temperature of the installation sites. The extreme working
environment temperature for modules is -40℃ to 85℃.
Make sure that installed modules do not suffer wind or snow pressure that exceeds the permissible maximum
load limit.
Modules shall be installed in places free from shadows throughout the year. Make sure there are no light-
blocking obstacles in the installation sites.
Carry out lightning protection for modules installed in places with frequent lightning and thunder.
Do not install modules in places with possible inflammable gases.
Modules cannot be used in environments with too much hails, snows, flue gas, air pollution and soot or in
places with strong corrosive substances such as salt, salt mist, saline, active chemical steam, acid rain, or other
substances corroding modules, affecting modules’ safety or performance.
Please take protective measures to ensure reliable and safe installation of modules in severe environments such
as heavy snow, cold and strong wind or islands close to water and salt mist or deserts.
LONGi modules passed the IEC61701 salt spray corrosion test, but the corrosion may still occur on where the
modules frame is connected to the bracket or where the grounding is connected. In case LONGi modules are
installed 50m –500m away from the ocean side, stainless steel or aluminum materials are need to be used to
contact the PV modules, and the connection point should be protected with anti-corrosion measures.

4.2 Selection of Tilt Angles

Tilt angle of modules: Included angle between module surface and horizontal surface; the module will obtain
the maximum power output in direct facing of sunlight.

Sun Light
Module

Tilt Angle
Modules are preferred to be south-facing in the north hemisphere and north-facing in the south hemisphere.
Please refer to standard modules installation guideline or suggestions from experienced PV module installer,
for the specific installation angle.
LONGi suggests that tilt angle of module installation be no less than 10°, so module surface dust can be
washed away easily by rainfall and frequency of cleaning can be reduced. And it is easy for ponding to flow
away and avoid water mark on the glass due to long time of water ponding which may further affect module
appearance and performance.
LONGi modules connected in string should be installed with the same orientation and tilt angle. Different
orientations and tilt angles may result in different received solar irradiation and output power loss. In order to
achieve the maximum annual generating capacity, the optimal orientation and inclination of PV modules in the
installed area should be selected to ensure that sunlight can still reach to modules even on the shortest day of
the year.
If LONGi modules are used in off-grid System, the tilt angle should be calculated based on seasons and
irradiation to maximize the output power. If the modules output power meets the acquired load under the period
of the worst irradiation in the year, the modules should be able to meet the load of the whole year. If the LONGi
modules are used in grid-connected system, the tilt angle should be calculated based on the principle to
maximize the yearly output power.
5 Mechanical Installation
5.1 Regular Requirements
Make sure that module installation mode and bracket system can meet the expected load, which is requisite
assurance that the bracket installer must provide. Installation bracket system shall be tested and inspected by
the third party testing institution with static mechanical analysis capacity in accordance with local national
standards or international standards.
Module bracket shall be made from durable, corrosion resistant, UV-proof materials.
Modules shall be fixed on the bracket solidly.
Use higher brackets in places with heavy snow accumulation so the lowest point of modules will not be
shadowed by snow for a long time. In addition, make the lowest point of modules high enough so as to avoid
shading of vegetation and woods or reduce damage of sands and stones.
If modules are installed on brackets parallel to the roof or wall, the minimum gap between the module frame
and the roof/wall shall be 10cm for air ventilation in case of module wire damage.
Make sure the building is suitable for installation before installing modules on roof. Moreover, seal properly
to prevent leakage.
The module frames can appear thermal expansion and cold contraction so the frame interval between two
adjoining modules shall be no less than 10mm.
Make sure that backsheet of modules will not be in contact with bracket or building structures that can pierce
into the inside of the modules, especially when the module surface is imposed by pressure.
Maximum static load of the PV module is downforce 5400pa and uplift force 2400pa, which can vary from
different mounting methods of the modules (please refer to the following installation guidance), the described
load in this manual is for the test load.
Note: on the basis of IEC61215 - 2016 installation requirements, when computing the corresponding maximum
design load, need to consider the safety factor of 1.5 times.
Modules can be installed horizontally or vertically. When installing the components, be cautious not to block
the drain hole of the frame。

5.2 Monofacial module mechanical installation

Module and bracket system connection can be realized by mounting holes, clamps or embedded systems.
Installation shall follow the demonstration and suggestions below. If installation mode is different, please
consult LONGi and obtain approval. Otherwise, modules may be damaged and limited warranty will be invalid.
5.2.1 Bolts Mounting
Apply bolts to fix modules on the bracket through mounting holes on the back frame. See details in Figure 4.

Figure4 Bolt Installation of Monofacial Module

Recommended accessories are as below :

Accessories Model Material Note
Bolt M8 M6 Q235B/SUS304
Accessories material
Washer 2*8 2*6（6.4*18-1.6 ISO 7093） Q235B/SUS304 selection should be
Spring Washer 8 6 Q235B/SUS304 based on application
environment.
Nut M8 M6 Q235B/SUS304
Suggestion 1: M8 bolt tightening torque range: 14N•m-18N•m;
M6 bolt tightening torque range: 5N•m-12N•m;
Suggestion 2: When using LONGi 30mm (30H) height frame module, it is recommended to select
L ≤ 20mm length fasteners. (If there is a special model, consult LONGi customer service);

5.2.2 Clamp Mounting

The module can be mounted by a dedicated clamp, as shown in Figure 5.
Under no circumstances should the clamp touch the glass or deform the frame. The interface of the
clamp to the front of the frame must be smooth and flat to prevent frame or other components from
being damaged.
Make sure no shadowing effect of the fixture.
The drain hole cannot be blocked by the fixture.
For framed PV module，the clamp must maintain an overlap of 8-11 mm with the frame of the
module (you can change the cross section of the clamp if the module is securely installed). For
frameless PV module，the clamp must maintain an overlap of 15 mm at maximum with the
module.

Figure5 Clamp Installation of Monofacial Module

5.2.3 Installation and Mechanical Load of Monofacial Module
Monofacial modules can be mounted by Bolts or Clamps.The mounting method and maximum test
load are as follows.

Outer Four-hole Installation Inner Four-hole Installation

 400mm pitch Hole Installation Clamp Installation of framed module
(The distance from side C of the frame to the beam
（clamp length≥40mm）
shall not be more than 30mm)

Figure6 Monofacial Module Installation Annex

Bolt Mounting Clamp Mounting

Installation
Method
Module Type Outer-four Inner-four 400mm
350mm≦D≦450mm
Holes Holes pitch Hole

LR5-66HPH-***M ﹢5400，-2400 ±2400 ±2400 ﹢5400，-2400

LR5-72HPH-***M ﹢5400，-2400 ±2400 ±2400 ﹢5400，-2400

5.3 Bifacial module Mechanical Installation

Modules and mounting system can be connected by bolts, clamps or embedded systems. Installation shall
follow the demonstration and suggestions below. If installation mode is different, please consult LONGi and
obtain approval. Otherwise, modules could be damaged and quality warranty will be invalid.
5.3.1 Bolts Mounting
Apply bolts to fix modules on the bracket through mounting holes on the back frame. See details in Figure 7.
A is the overlapping size of module frame and bracket.

Figure 7 Bolt Installation of Bifacial Module

 Recommended accessories are as below:
Accessories Model Material Note
Bolt M8 M6 Q235B/SUS304
Accessories material
Washer 2*8 2*6（6.4*18-1.6 ISO 7093） Q235B/SUS304 selection should be
Spring Washer 8 6 Q235B/SUS304 based on application
environment.
Nut M8 M6 Q235B/SUS304
Suggestion 1: M8 bolt tightening torque range: 14N•m-18N•m;
M6 bolt tightening torque range: 5N•m-12N•m;
Suggestion 2: When using LONGi 30mm (30H) height frame module, it is recommended to select
L ≤ 20mm length fasteners. (If there is a special model, consult LONGi customer service);
5.3.2 Clamps Installation
See details in Figure 8.
The clamp shall not be in touch with glass or deform module frame in any case. The interface of the clamp and
frame front side shall be flat and smooth to prevent frame and module being damaged.
Avoid the shadow blocking effect of the clamp.
The drain hole cannot be blocked by the clamp. For framed PV module，the clamp must maintain
an overlap of at least 8 mm but no more than 11 mm with the frame of the module (you can change
the cross section of the fixture if the module is securely installed).For frameless PV module，the
clamp must maintain an overlap of 15 mm at maximum with the module.

Framed PV Module

EPDM
Bolt Bolt
Upper side clamp Upper side clamp
Lower side clamp Frameless module Lower side clamp
Bracket
Bracket

EPDM

Frameless PV Module
Figure 8 Clamp Installation of Bifacial Module
 5.3.3 Installation and Mechanical Load of Bifacial Module
Bifacial modules can be mounted by Bolts or Clamps. The mounting method and maximum test
load are as follows.

Outer Four-hole Installation (without beam) Outer Four-hole Installation(with beam)

400mm Pitch Hole Installation

Inner Four-hole Installation(without beam) (The distance from side C of the frame to the beam
shall not be less than 55mm)

Clamp Installation (without beam) Clamp Installation (with beam)

（clamp length≥40mm） （clamp length≥40mm）
Figure9 Bifacial Module Installation Annex

Bolt Mounting Clamp Mounting

Installation
Method
Module Type Outer-four Outer-four
Inner-four 400mm 350mm≦D≦450mm 350mm≦D≦450mm
Holes(without Holes(with
Holes pitch Hole (without beam) (with beam)
beam) beam)
LR5-66HBD-***M ﹢3600，-2400 ﹢5400，-2400 ±2400 ±1800 ﹢3600，-2400 ﹢5400，-2400

LR5-72HBD-***M ﹢3600，-2400 ﹢5400，-2400 ±2400 ±1800 ﹢3600，-2400 ﹢5400，-2400

6 Electrical Installation
6.1 Electrical Performance
The reported performance measurements are subject to +/-3% uncertainty at STC（1000 W/m2 Irradiance, a cell
temperature of 25℃ and an AM1.5 spectrum） for voltage, current and power..
When modules are in series connection, the string voltage is sum of every individual module in one string.
When modules are in parallel connection, the current is sum of the individual module as shown in below figure
10. Modules with different electric performance models can not be connected in one string.

String Connection Parallel Connection

Blocking Diode Over Current Connector

Protection Device

Figure 10: Series Connection and Parallel Connection Circuit Diagram

The maximum allowed quantity of modules in string connection shall be calculated according to relative
regulations. The open circuit voltage value under the expected lowest temperature shall not exceed the
maximum system voltage value allowed by modules and other values required by DC electric parts. (LONGi
modules maximum system voltage is DC1000V/DC1500V---actually system voltage is designed based on the
selected module and inverter model.)
The VOC factor can be calculated by the following formula.
CVoc=1-βVoc×(25-T)
T: The expected lowest temperature of the installation site.
β: VOC temperature coefficient (% /℃) (Refer to modules data sheet for further detail)
If there is reverse current exceeding the maximum fuse current flowing through the module, use overcurrent
protection device with the same specifications to protect the module; if parallel connection are more than 2,
there must be an overcurrent protection device on each string of module. See Figure 5.
6.2 Cables and Wiring
In module design, adopt junction boxes with the protective level of IP67 for on-site connection to
provide environmental protection for wires and connections and contacting protection for non-insulating
electric parts. The junction box perform the protective level of IP67 with well connected cables and
connectors. These designs facilitate parallel connection of modules. Each module has two individual wires
connecting the junction box, one is negative pole and the other is positive pole. Two modules can be in series
connection by inserting the positive pole at one end of wire of one module into the negative pole of the
adjoining module.
According to local fire protection, building and electrical regulation, apply proper cable and connector; ensure
the electrical and mechanical property of the cables (the cables should be put in a catheter with anti-UV aging
properties, and if exposed to air, the cable itself should have anti-UV aging capability).
The installer can only use single-wire cable, 2.5-16mm2(5-14 AWG), 90 ℃ , with proper insulation capability
to withstand the maximum open circuit voltage (such as EN50618 approval). Need to select appropriate wire
specifications to reduce voltage drop.
LONGi requires that all wiring and electrical connections comply with the appropriate ‘National Electrical
Code’.
When cables are fixed on the bracket, avoid mechanical damaging cables or modules. Do not press cables by
force. Adopt UV resistant cable ties and clamps to fix cables on the bracket. Though cables are UV resistant
and water proof, it is still necessary to prevent cables from direct sun light and water immersion.
The minimum bending radius of cables should be 43mm. (1.69in)
6.3 Connector
Please keep connectors clean and dry. Make sure connector caps are fastened before connection. Do not
connect connectors under improper conditions of damp, dirty or other exceptional situations ）. Avoid
connectors from direct sun light and water immersion or falling onto ground or roof.
Incorrect connection may lead to electric arc and electric shock. Please make sure that all electric connection
is reliable. Make sure all connectors are fully locked.
Only compatible connectors can be mated, i.e. from the same vendor and model, shall be used;(If you
need to use different types of connectors, please consult customer service of LONGi solar );
6.4 Bypass diode
LONGi solar module junction box contains bypass diode which is in parallel connection with the cell string.
If hot spot occurred, the diode will come into operation to stop the main current from flowing through the hot
spot cells in order to prevent module over-heated and performance loss. Notice, bypass diode is not the
overcurrent protection device.
If the diode is definite or suspected to be defective, the installer or system maintenance supplier shall contact
LONGi. Please do not try to open the module junction box on your own.
6.5 PID Protection and Inverter Compatibility
PV modules may appear Potential Induced Degradation (PID) under high humidity, high temperature and high
voltage condition. Modules may appear Potential Induced Degradation (PID) under the conditions below:
1) PV modules install under hot and humid weather condition.
2) PV modules installation site is under long term humid condition such as floating PV system.
To reduce the risk of PID, on the modules DC connection site, it is recommended to connect the negative to
ground. The PID protection measures on system level are recommended as follow
1) For isolated PV inverter, the negative of the PV modules DC connection side can be directly grounded.
2) For non-isolated PV inverter, isolated transformer is needed to be installed before applying virtual
grounding (grounding method guidance from the inverter manufactures are usually needed)
7 Grounding
In design of modules, the anodized corrosion resistant aluminum alloy frame is applied for rigidity support.
For safety utilization and to protect modules from lightning and static-electricity damage, the module frame
must be grounded.
The grounding device must be in full contact with inner side of the aluminum alloy and penetrate surface oxide
film of the frame.
Do not drill additional grounding holes on module frame.
The grounding conductor or wire may be copper, copper alloy, or any other material acceptable for application
as an electrical conductor per respective National Electrical Codes. The grounding conductor must then make
a connection to ground with a suitable ground electrode.
Holes marked with a grounding mark on the frame can only be used for grounding but not for mounting.
Frameless double glass modules have no exposed conductor, and therefore according to regulations it did not
need to be grounded.
Grounding methods below are permissible:
1) Grounding by grounding clamp
There is a grounding hole with the diameter of Ø4.2 mm at the edge of the module back frame. The central
line of the grounding sign also located on the edge of the module back frame overlaps with that of the
grounding hole.
Grounding between modules shall be confirmed by qualified electricians and grounding devices
shall be manufactured by qualified electric manufacturer. The torque of copper core wire used
for the grounding clamp is recommended to be 2.3N•m. 12 AWG. And copper wires cannot be
pressed during installation in case of damaging.

Figure 11 Clamp Grounding Method

Note: TYCO. 1954381-1 (Recommended) is used in figures above.
2) Grounding by unoccupied mounting holes
Mounting holes on modules that are not occupied can be used for installing grounding
components.
 a) Align grounding clamp to the frame mounting hole. Use grounding bolt to go through the
grounding clamp and frame.
b) Put the tooth side of the washer on the other side and fasten the nuts.
c) Put grounding wires through the grounding clamp and grounding wire material and
dimension shall meet requirements in local national and regional law and regulations.
d) Fasten bolts of grounding wires and then installation is completed.

Figure 12 Bolt Grounding Method

3) The third party grounding devices
The third party grounding device can be used for grounding of LONGi modules but such
grounding shall be proved to be reliable. Grounding device shall be operated in line with
stipulations of the manufacturer.
8 Operation and maintenance
It is the users’ responsibility to carry out regular inspection and maintenance for modules, especially during
the period of limited warranty; inform the supplier within two weeks when modules are found broken.
8.1 Cleaning
Accumulated contaminants on module surface glass will reduce the power output and lead to local hot spot,
such as dust, industrial wasted water and birds’ droppings. The severity of influence is determined by
transparency of wastes. Small amounts of dust will affect the intensity and evenness of received solar
irradiation but are not dangerous and power will not be reduced remarkably generally.
During operation of modules, there shall be no environmental factors to shade modules fully or
partially. These environment factors including other modules, module mounting system, birds
dwelling, dust, soil or plants. These will significantly reduce output power. LONGi suggests that the
module surface should not be shadowed in any case.
Frequency of cleaning depends on dirt accumulation speed. In normal situations, rainwater will clean
the module surface and reduce the cleaning frequency. It is suggested to use sponge dipped with clean
water or soft cloth to wipe the glass surface. Do not use acid and alkaline detergents to clean modules.
Do not use tool with rough surface to clean in any case.
In order to avoid potential risk of electrical shock or burn, LONGi suggests cleaning the modules
during early morning and evening with low irradiance and low modules temperature especially area
with high average temperature.
In order to avoid potential risk of electrical shock, do not try to clean the modules with glass damage
or expose wires.
8.2 Module Appearance Inspection
Check module cosmetic defects with naked eyes , especially:
a) Module glass cracks.
b) Corrosion at welding parts of the cell main grid, caused by moisture into the module due to
damage of sealing materials during installation or transportation.
c) Check whether there are traces of burning mark on the module back sheet.
d) Check PV modules if any signs of aging including rodent damage, climate aging, connectors
tightness, corrosion and grounding condition.
e) Check if any sharp objects in contact with PV modules’ surface
f) Check if any obstacles shading the PV modules
g) Check if any loose or damage screws between the modules and mounting system. If so, adjust
and fix in time.
8.3 Inspection of Connectors and Cables
It is suggested to carry out the following preventive inspection twice a year:
a) Check if any crack or gap of silicone nearby the junction box.
9 Release and execution
This manual document is implemented and managedby product management department. Product
management department reserves the right to modify and revise in any time.