MIDAS Academy

Transverse Analysis
Part 1 : Model Summary

TaeYong Yu
Technical Engineer
MIDASIT
Contents

1. Introduction
• Bridge Type

• Analysis Type

2. Geometry
• Overview of Target

• Overview of Modelling method

• Overview of Modelling plan

• Modelling steps & used options

3. Loads
• Design code & Load combination

• Loads

4. Boundary Conditions

5. Post Processing

MIDAS Academy 2
1. Introduction
Bridge Type

• Structure Type : Prestressed Concrete Girder in Cable Stayed Bridge

• Bridge Information
- Span : 175 + 420 + 175 = 770m
- Superstructure : PSC girder
- Pylon & Pier : Concrete structure

Fig 1. Longitudinal & Section View

MIDAS Academy 3
1. Introduction
Analysis Type

• Analysis Type ; Transverse Analysis of Girder in the preliminary design step

• Purpose ; 1) Check the capability of a girder in the transverse direction.
2) Check reinforcements, tendons and the shape of the girder.

Fig 2. Plan & Cross-Section View

MIDAS Academy 4
2. Geometry
Analysis Type

• Analysis Type ; Transverse Analysis of Girder in the preliminary design step

• Check List ; 1) Stresses on the upper slab under SLS load combination.
2) Bending moment, shear on the upper & bottom slab and the web under ULS load
combination.

Stress Distribution
Top of Slab

Bottom of Slab

PSC

RC
Check M, V
in PSC member

Check M, V
in RC member

Fig 3. Stress & Section Check

MIDAS Academy 5
2. Geometry
Overview of Modelling method

• Girder Modelling ; 2D(Frame element) vs 3D(Plate element)

Case 1) By using beam elements

Case 2) By using plate or solid elements

MIDAS Academy 6
2. Geometry
Overview of Modelling method

• Girder Modelling ; 3D model was used.

Reasons
1) In the simplified method, the vehicle load can be considered as the uniform distribution load at the 2D
model that is generated with frame elements. However, the vehicle load can be overestimated in this
method. It makes differences between the analysis model and real model.
2) We can model the box girder as the real model under the 3D model. It allows us to consider complex
behavior in 3D. Especially the box girder shows 3D behavior strongly.
3) In order to do effective design, the 3D model method was selected.

At The Inner Slab At The Cantilever

In the beam
analysis

In the plate
analysis

Calculation of UDL
width(Type1, 2)

Selecting the width

a) Simplified Method for Vehicle Load b) 3D model with Vehicle load

Fig 5. Vehicle load on 2D&3D model MIDAS Academy 7
2. Geometry
Overview of Target Structure

Target
Rib

Normal Section
Cable Anchorage

Fig 6. Longitudinal View of Target Model

• The girder contains a normal section, rib and cable anchorage.

• Total 15 segments were created to reduce the poisson’s effect.
• Length of the model ; Total 55.0m (3.75m per one segment)

MIDAS Academy 8
2. Geometry
Overview of Target Structure

a) Detailed longitudinal view b) Section A-A(Normal section)

c) Section B-B(At Rib) d) Section C-C(At Cable Anchorage)

Fig 7. Overview of Cross Sections

• Three typical sections were used for checking.

MIDAS Academy 9
2. Geometry
Overview of Modeling Plan

• Plan for mesh generation

1) Cross-Section View
- The cross-section of a girder was divided with several nodes.
- The location of nodes is planned to consider where results should be checked.

Fig 8. The location for checking results

MIDAS Academy 10
2. Geometry
Overview of Modeling Plan

• Plan for mesh generation

1) Cross-Section View
For creating nodes. Two cases are available.
a) Case 1; Using the offset length from the standard line to create nodes.
b) Case 2; Using the center of divided section to create nodes.

a) Case 1; Offset

b) Case 2; Center

Fig 9. 2 Ways for element lines

MIDAS Academy 11
2. Geometry
Overview of Modeling Plan

• Plan for mesh generation

1) Cross-Section View
- In order to get the same level of elements on the upper slab, I chose the case 1.

Same level

a) Case 1 ; Normal Section & At Rib

Not same level

a) Case 2 ; Normal Section & At Rib

Fig 10. Comparison of 2 ways

MIDAS Academy 12
2. Geometry
Overview of Modeling Plan

• Plan for mesh generation

1) Cross-Section View
- 3 Types of the section have the same element lines.

a) Normal Section

b) At Rib

c) At Cable Anchorage

Fig 11. Plan for mesh generation in cross-section view

MIDAS Academy 13
2. Geometry
Overview of Modeling Plan

• Plan for mesh generation

2) Plan View
- In order to make a plan of elements, some factors are considered as shown below.
- The location of tendons, ribs and cable anchorages.

Tendons

Cable Anchorage Rib

Fig 12. Plan view of the girder

MIDAS Academy 14
2. Geometry
Overview of Modeling Plan

• Plan for mesh generation

2) Plan View
- The length of elements is planned considering divided position in the longitudinal direction.

Fig 13. Divided locations

MIDAS Academy 15
2. Geometry
Modeling steps & Used options

• Modeling Steps

Step1. Prepare *.dxf. Step3. Extrude beam elements

to plate elements.

Step2. Import *.dxf into midasCivil Step4. Copy one segment of

the girder.

Fig 14. Modeling Steps

MIDAS Academy 16
2. Geometry
Modeling steps & Used options

• Additional modeling in midasCivil

1) Offset option for plate elements

- All plate elements have the thickness property to input their stiffness.
- Offset option in the thickness property was used to consider various thickness of the girder section.

Element View Normal Section(Hidden View)

With Rib(Hidden View) With Cable Anchorage(Hidden View)

Fig 15. Offset option for plate elements

MIDAS Academy 17
2. Geometry
Modeling steps & Used options

• Additional modeling in midasCivil

2) Dummy beam elements

- The dummy beam elements were used to apply tendon profiles.
- It was restrained with nodes on plate elements.
- The section of dummy beam was assumed as the small rectangle.

Fig 16. Dummy beam elements

MIDAS Academy 18
2. Geometry
Modeling steps & Used options

• Additional modeling in midasCivil

3) Elements for cable

- Cable & Truss element are available in midasCivil for the cable structure.
- The truss element was used. So, cable forces were only considered.
- The coordinates of cable anchorages in the drawing was used for nodes of truss elements.

x, y, z

Fig 17. Elements for Cable

MIDAS Academy 19
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Considered Conditions
• Girder body
• Barriers, Pavement and Additional attachment.
• Prestress
• Wind
• Temperature
• Vehicles
• Cable Force

Cable Force

Vehicle Barriers

Wind
Pavement

Temperature, △T Attachment Prestress

(Water pipe)

Fig 18. Load Conditions

MIDAS Academy 20
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

1) Girder Body > Self Weight

- Self Weight function was used.

2) Barriers ,Pavement & Attachment > DC & DW

- Plane Loads function was used.
- Plane Loads can be applied with coordinates of loads regardless the position of nodes.

Barriers

Self Weight

Pavement Attachment
(Water pipe)

Fig 19. Self Weight & Superimposed Loads

MIDAS Academy 21
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

3) Wind
- The wind load on the barrier was considered with Nodal Load function because barriers weren’t modeled.
- The wind load on the side web of the girder was considered with Pressure Load function.
- The wind load was considered on the left and right side of a girder.

a) Pressure Load b) Nodal Load(Axial & Moment force)

Fig 20. Wind Loads

MIDAS Academy 22
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

4) Temperature
- Element Temperature function was used.
- Uniform temperature was considered.

a. Heating(+20) b. Cooling(-30)
Fig 21. Temperature Loads

MIDAS Academy 23
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

5) Prestress
- Tendon Prestress Load function was used.
- Tendon Profile function was used to check the effect of profile.
- Tendon Profile can’t be created on the plate element. Therefore, dummy beam elements were added on the plate
elements and these shared nodes.

Fig 22. Tendon Prestress Load

MIDAS Academy 24
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

6) Vehicle Load
- Plane loads function was used.
- The truck load was used.
- All of wheels in a truck was considered. The concentrated load of wheel was replaced as the distribution load of wheel.

Wheel Load

Area of Tire Contact

Middle line of the slab

Width of
Wheel Load
Distribution

Fig 23. Vehicle Type & Wheel Load

MIDAS Academy 25
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

6) Vehicle Load
- The location of a vehicle in the longitudinal direction is selected by considering the influence diagram.
- Cable anchorages were considered as the support in the longitudinal direction.

Fig 24. The influence diagram in the longitudinal direction

MIDAS Academy 26
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

6) Vehicle Load
- The location of a vehicle in the transverse direction was selected by considering the influence diagrams for three cases.
- The top of webs was considered as the support in the transverse direction.

Check Point Check Point

a) Maximum member forces at the web b) Maximum member forces at the middle of the slab

Check Point

c) Maximum member forces at the cantilever

Fig 25. The influence diagram of a girder

MIDAS Academy 27
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

6) Vehicle Load

Fig 26. Location of Vehicles

MIDAS Academy 28
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

6) Vehicle Load

Fig 27. Applied Plane Loads

MIDAS Academy 29
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

7) Cable Force
- Pretension Loads function was used.
- The data for cable forces was from the global analysis.

Fig 28. Cable Force : Pretension Loads

MIDAS Academy 30
3. Loads
Overview of Loads

• Load Cases

7) Cable Force (Another approach)

- Cable anchorages in the girder can be considered as Point Spring boundaries.

1.0kN

Displacement results
against the unit load

Use Point Spring with the

stiffness calculated

Calculate the stiffness of springs

= 1 / Displacement

Fig 29. Cable Force : Point Spring(Another approach)

MIDAS Academy 31
4. Boundary Condition
Boundary Conditions

• Boundary Condition

1) At the girder
- Define Supports function was used.
- Displacement of all direction was fixed.

Fig 30. Boundary Conditions

MIDAS Academy 32
4. Boundary Condition
Boundary Conditions

• Boundary Condition

2) At the anchorages
- Define Supports function and Rigid Link function were used.
- At the pylon ; 6DOF were fixed.
- At the girder ; Nodes for anchorages were linked to nodes in the upper slab of the girder.

a) Cable Anchorage at the pylon b) Cable Anchorage at the girder

Fig 31. Boundary Conditions

MIDAS Academy 33
5. Post Processing
Overview of Checking results

• Post processing

1) Define load combinations

- Load Combination function was used.

Fig 32. Post Processing

MIDAS Academy 34
5. Post Processing
Overview of Checking results

• Post processing

2) Extract stress &member forces results.

- Results function were used.
3) Check lists
- Deformations, Reactions, Forces & Stresses.

Extracted results

Fig 33. Post Processing

MIDAS Academy 35
5. Post Processing
Overview of Checking results

• Post processing

4) Modify the input & plan.

- Stresses on the upper slab were controlled through prestress loads and tendon profile.
- Tendon profiles were modified to manage the stress range of the slab.

Additional tendons
at the cable anchorage

a) Initial condition of the tendon profile b) Modified condition of the tendon profile
at the cable anchorage at the cable anchorage

Fig 34. Check & Modification of Tendon Profile

MIDAS Academy 36
5. Post Processing
Overview of Checking results

• The conclusion
Normal Section At The Rib At The Cable Anchorage

Modified 1.Rebar size at the inner web. 1.Rebar size at the inner web. 1.Rebar size at the inner web.
Condition 2.Rebar size at the bottom slab. 2.Rebar size at the bottom slab. 2.The shape of the rib in the inner box.
3.Inner ribs were deleted.

a) Normal section(Initial) b) At the rib(Initial) c) At the cable anchorage(Initial)

a-1) Normal section(Modified) b-1) At the rib(Modified) c-1) At the cable anchorage(Modified)

Fig 35. Initial & Modified Condition of the girder

MIDAS Academy 37
6. Epilogue
Detail Design Step
midasFEA/NX

midasCivil

MIDAS Academy 38
Thank you for watching the webinar.

MIDAS Academy ; https://www.midasbridge.com/midascivil-seminar

Global Technical Center ; http://globalsupport.midasuser.com