6 - SC - PLANT FORM AND FUNCTIONS - Notes

SCIENCE
CLASS 6
CH3: PLANTS-PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
NOTES
1. Plants are the living organisms that prepare their food themselves with the help of the process
of photosynthesis. They have a green pigment called as chlorophyll which helps in
photosynthesis.
2. A typical plant body consists of two systems: A Shoot system and a Root system.
3. Shoot system is above the ground and consists of stem, leaves, flowers, fruits.
4. Root system is present below the ground and consist of roots.
5. On the basis of size and kind of stem, plants can be classified as three types: Herbs, Shrubs and
Trees. Also creepers and Climbers.
S.NO TYPE FEATURE EXAMPLES

1 HERBS Short, green and soft stems Beet and carrot
2 SHRUBS Have hard but not very thick China rose, henna and rose
stem
3 TREES Have tall, hard and thick Mango and Neem
brown stem
4 CREEPERS Have weak stems, so that Bottle gourd
they cannot stand upright
5 CLIMBERS Have weak stems, so they Pea plant, Grape vine,
take support to climb up
6. The two types of root systems are: Tap root system and Fibrous root system
TAPROOT SYSTEM FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM
1. It has the main root, from which 1. There is no main root. The cluster of
root branches come out. roots are thin and fibrous.
2. The main root go deep into the soil. 2. The foots do not go deep into the soil,
but they spread out in soil.
3. Bean, mango and pea 3. Wheat, maize, millets etc
7. FUNCTIONS OF ROOT:
 Anchorage
 Absorption
 Transport
 Storage
8. MODIFICATIONS OF ROOTS:
TYPE FUNCTION EXAMPLE

STORAGE ROOTS They are fleshy and store Carrot, Radish and Turnip
food
PROP ROOTS Provide support to the Banyan tree
tree and emerge out of
the branches
CLIMBING ROOTS Help the plant to climb Money plant
and holding on to a
support
9. THE SHOOT SYSTEM:
 It is above the ground and generally green in colour.
 It bears branches, leaves, flowers and buds.
 The places on the stem where leaves are borne are known as nodes.
 The portions of the stem between the nodes are called internodes.
 The angle between the stem and the stalk of the leaf is called as Axil.
 The bud that grows in the Axil is called Apical bud.
10. MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE STEM:

 It bears leaves, flowers and fruits.
 It holds the plant upright.
 It helps in transport of minerals, water and food from one place of the plant to the other.
11. MODIFICATIONS OF THE STEM:
TYPE FUNCTION EXAMPLE

STORAGE STEMS They are fleshy and store Potato, onion and ginger
food
STEM TENDRILS The tendrils coil around Cucumber
the support and help the
plant to climb up
FLESHY STEMS They are fleshy, green Cactus
and store water, perform
photosynthesis
12. STRUCTURE OF LEAF:
 It is flattened and green in colour.
 It has petiole, lamina, midrib and network of veins.
 Veins show different patterns on the leaves called as venation.
13. LEAF VENATION:

RETICULATE VENATION PARALLEL VENATION
Veins in the leaf lamina divide Veins run parallel to each other from the
repeatedly. base of the tip.
For example: Peepal For example: Maize, banana, grass
14. SIMPLE AND COMPOUND LEAVES:
SIMPLE LEAF COMPOUND LEAF

They have a single blade. The leaf blade gets divided into leaflets.
For example: Peepal, Banyan For example: Neem, Tamarind,
Gulmohar
15. FUNCTIONS OF LEAF:
They are green in color and perform photosynthesis.
The plants lose water from the surface of leaves by the way of stomata, by the process called as
transpiration.
16. MODIFICATIONS OF THE LEAF:

S.NO LEAF FUNCTION EXAMPLE
MODIFICATIONS
1. Spines Spines reduce the loss of water in Cactus
desert plants
2. Leaf tendrils Help the plant in climbing Pea
3. Fleshy leaf Help in storing food Onion leaves
4. Trapping leaves Leaves are modified to trap the Pitcher plant
insects to provide nutrients to the and Sundew
plant
17. FLOWER:
 It is attached to the stem or branch with the help of a short stalk called Pedicel
 It is the most beautiful and colourful part of the plant.
 A typical flower has four main whorls:
 Sepals- Green leaf like structures
 Petals- Brightly coloured, have fragrance, attract insects for pollination
 Stamens-Male part of the flower, consists of anther and filament
 Carpel-Female part of the flower, consists of ovary, style and stigma.
18. FUNCTIONS OF FLOWER:
 It is the reproductive part of the plant.
 It attracts insects for pollination.
 It produces seeds.
19. POLLINATION: It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to stigma of the flower.
20. AGENTS OF POLLINATION: Wind, water, birds and insects help in pollination.
POLLINATION
21. EMBRYO: It is the

FUSION OF MALE AND FEMALE future plant and is present in the
CELLS IN THE OVARY OF FLOWER
seed.
SEPALS AND PETALS DRY UP AND

FALL OFF
FERTLISED OVULE MATURES

INTO SEED
OVARY RIPENS AND CHANGES

INTO FRUIT
22. STUCTURE OF SEED: The seed consists of two parts- radical and plumule. Radicle gives rise to
future root system and plumule gives rise to future shoot system.
SEED
RADICLE- PLUMULE-
future root future shhot
KEY WORDS:
KEY WORD DEFINITION

NODES The places on the stem where leaves are borne are called as nodes
INTERNODES The portion between the two nodes is called as internodes
AXIL The angle between the stem and stalk of the leaf is called as axil
APICAL BUD The buds that grow on the tip of the stem are called as apical bud
VENATION The pattern of arrangement of veins on the surface of leaf is called as called as
venation
TRANSPIRATION The loss of water from the surface of leaves by the way of stomata is called
transpiration.
PEDICEL Flower is attached to the stem by a stalk called as pedicel
STAMEN Male part of the flower that consists of anther and filament is called as stamen
CARPEL Female part of the flower that consists of ovary, style and stigma is called as carpel
PLEASE NOTE: Also refer book for diagrams, activities and practice exercises.
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SCIENCE

CH3: PLANTS-PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

S.NO TYPE FEATURE EXAMPLES

TYPE FUNCTION EXAMPLE

10. MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE STEM:

TYPE FUNCTION EXAMPLE

13. LEAF VENATION:

SIMPLE LEAF COMPOUND LEAF

16. MODIFICATIONS OF THE LEAF:

21. EMBRYO: It is the

SEPALS AND PETALS DRY UP AND

FERTLISED OVULE MATURES

OVARY RIPENS AND CHANGES

KEY WORD DEFINITION

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