Gamma Question Bank for Engineering Physics > Chapter 16

- Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance > EXERCISE

2.6 > Q 66

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IMPORTANT

The equivalent capacitance between points A

and B is

3C
(a) 4

C
(b) 3

3C
(c) 2

(d) None of these

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In given figure equipotential point are shown in by

1& 2

Here C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = C5 = C6 = C

Here C1 , C2 & C3 are connected between point

1&2
and C4 & C5 are bypassed due to same potential
point 2

So equivalent circuit is

All
capacitor between points 1 and 2 in parallel
combination. So, equivalent of them are

Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3

⇒ Ceq = C + C + C = 3C

1 1 1 1 1
C net
= C1
+ C2
= 3C
+ C

3C
⇒ C net = 4

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Important Questions on Electrostatic Potential and

Capacitance

EASY JEE Main/Advance IMPORTANT

Gamma Question Bank for Engineering

Physics > Chapter 16 - Electrostatic Potential and
Capacitance > EXERCISE 2.6 > Q 67

Initial charges on both the capacitors are C V . Find

change in potential energy of both if a battery is
connected as shown. Also find the work done by
battery.

Xin=CV

gin=CV
Initially
(t=0)

EASY JEE Main/Advance IMPORTANT

Gamma Question Bank for Engineering

Physics > Chapter 16 - Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance > EXERCISE 2.7 > Q 68

The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

when a very thin metallic sheet is placed in the
space between the plates, parallel to the
plates, will

EASY JEE Main/Advance IMPORTANT

Gamma Question Bank for Engineering

Physics > Chapter 16 - Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance > EXERCISE 2.7 > Q 69

A thin metallic strip is introduced between the

plates of a parallel plate capacitor, touching
the plates. How will capacitance change?

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Important Points to Remember in Chapter 16 -

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance from
Embibe Experts Gamma Question Bank for
Engineering Physics Solutions

24. Electric Potential:

The amount of work done to move a unit positive

charge from infinity to a certain point against the
electric field.
W ext
(i) V = q0

(ii) Electric potential is a scalar.

(iii) S.I. unit: J C−1 .

(iv) Dimension: ML2 T−3 A−1 .

(v) Positive charge gives positive potential and

negative charge produces a negative potential.

25. Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge:

Electric potential due to a point charge q at a distance

q
r is V = 4π1ε r . 0

26. Electric Potential Di!erence:

The amount of work done to move a unit positive

charge from one point to another against the electric
field.

W ext W A→B(ext)
∆V = q0 (or) VB − VA = q0

27. Consider two points A and B at distances r 1 and

r2 (r1 < r2 ) from a point charge q, then

( r11 − )
q 1
(i) V A − V B = 4πε 0 r2

(ii) Potential decreases, if we move away from positive

charge, i.e., V B − V A is − ve, if q is + ve.

(iii) Potential increases, if we move away from a

negative charge, i.e., V B − V A is + ve, if q is – ve.

(iv) Work done to move a charge q 0 from B to A is,

( r11 − )
qq 0 1
Wext = q0 (VA − VB ) = 4πε 0 r2

(v) Welectric = −Wext

28. Electric Potential Due to a System of Charges:

The potential at a point is equal to the scalar sum of

potential due to individual charges.

( r11 + )
1 q q2 qn
Potential at P is V = 4πε 0 r2 +⋯+ rn

29. Potential Due to Infinite Charges on x-Axis:

(i) When identical like charges are placed as shown,

then the potential at origin is

1 1 1 1 q
V = 4πε 0
[1 + 2
+ 4
+ 8
+ ⋯] = 2πε 0

(ii) If the alternative charges are opposite, then

q
V = 6πε 0

30. Potential Due to a Uniformly Charged Ring:

q
(i) At the centre of the ring, V centre = 4πε R = 2ελ ,
0 0
where q is charge on the ring, R is radius and λ is linear
charge density.

(ii) Potential at a point on the axis:

Q λR
Vaxis = 4πε 0 √ R 2 +x 2
= 2ε 0 √ R 2 +x 2

31. Electric Potential Due to a Charged Rod:

(i) On axis:

Q
V = 4πε 0 l ln(1 + rl ) = λ
4πε 0 ln( r+l
r )

(ii) On perpendicular bisector:

( 2l )+√ ( 2l ) +x 2
]
2
Q
V = 4πε 0 l ln[
(− 2l )+√ ( l ) +x 2
2
2

32. Electric Potential Due to a Uniformly Charged Disc

on Its Axis:

(i) V = σ
2ε 0 [√R2 + x2 − x]

σR
(ii) If R ≫ x, then V = 2ε 0 considering potential at ∞
as zero.

33. Potential Due to Infinite Line Charge:

∣
r→ r
(i) V =
W ext →
= − ∫ E ⋅ dr = − ∫ λ
q0 2πε 0 r dr (not defined)
∞ ∞
potential at a point due to infinite line charge cannot
be determined, but potential di!erence can be
calculated.

(ii) ∆V = V A − V B = λ
2πε 0 ln( rr21 )

34. Electric Potential on the Edge of a Uniformly

Charged Disc:

σR
V = 2ε 0

35. Electric Potential at Centre of a Uniformly Charged

Hemispherical Shell:
σR
Vcenter = 2ε 0

36. Electric Potential Due to a Uniformly Charged Non-

conducting Sphere:

(i) Potential outside the sphere,

Q ρR 3
Vout = 4πε 0 x (x > R) or Vout = 3ε 0 x

(ii) Potential on the surface of sphere,

Q ρR 2
Vsur = 4πε 0 R or V sur = 3ε 0

(iii) Potential inside the sphere is

ρ
Vinside = 3ε0 [1.5R2 − 0.5r2 ], where R = radius
distance and ρ = volume charge density.
3
(iv) Potential at the centre is V centre = 2 Vsurf ace .

37. Potential Due to a Uniformly Charged Spherical

Shell (or) Conducting Sphere:

(i) Potential inside the shell is equal to potential on the

surface,

1 Q σR
Vinside = Vsur = 4πε 0 R
= ε0

(ii) Potential outside the shell,

Q σR 2
Vout = 4πε 0 x ε 0 x (x > R)

38. Potential Di!erence Between Two Concentric

Shells:

Consider two shells of radial r 1 and r 2 (> r 1 ) are

concentric and have charges q 1 and q 2 . Then,
q1 q2
(i) Potential of shell A is V A = 4πε 0 r 1 + 4πε 0 r 2 .

q 1 +q 2
(ii) Potential of shell B is V B = 4πε 0 r 2 .

( r12 − )
q1 1
(iii) V B − V A = 4πε 0 r1

(a) If q 1 is + ve, then V B − V A is − ve (or) V A > V B .

(b) If q 1 is − ve, then V A < V B .

(c) Potential di!erence between the shells is

independent of charge of the outer shell.

(d) If the two shells are connected by a conducting

inner to outer shell. This is the principle of Van de Gra!
generator.

39. Potential Due to Three Concentric Shells:

The figure shows three conducting concentric shell of

radii a, b and c (a < b < c) having charges Qa , Qb
and Qc , respectively.

[ ].
1 Qa Qb Qc
(i) Potential at A is V A = 4πε 0 a + b + c

[ ].
1 Qa Qb Qc
(ii) Potential at B is V B = 4πε 0 b + b + c

[ ].
1 Qa Qb Qc
(iii) Potential at C is V C = 4πε 0 c + c + c

40. Earthing of Shell:

The figure shows two concentric spheres having radii r 1

and r 2 , respectively, (r 2 > r 1 ). Charge on the inner
sphere is +Q.

(i) When the outer sphere is earthed:

(a) Let Q′ be the charge on the outer surface, then

The potential at the surface of outer sphere,

1 Q 1 Q′
V2 = 4πε 0 r 2
+ 4πε 0 r 2
=0

⇒ Q′= −Q
(b) Potential of the inner sphere is
1 Q 1 (−Q)
[ r11 − ].
Q 1
V1 = 4πε 0 r 1
+ 4πε 0 r 2
= 4πε 0 r2

(ii) In the above case, if the outer sphere is given a

charge +Q and the inner sphere is earthed, then

(a) In this case, the potential at the surface of the inner

sphere is zero. So, if Q′ is the charge induced on
the inner sphere,

[ r1 + ] = 0 i.e., Q′= − rr12 Q

1 Q′ Q
then V 1 = 4πε 0 r2

(Charge on the inner sphere is less than that of the

outer sphere)

(b) Potential at the surface of outer sphere:

1 Q′ 1 Q
V2 = 4πε 0 r 2
+ 4πε 0 r 2

[−Q rr12 + Q] = [1 − ]
1 Q r1
⇒ V2 = 4πε 0 r 2 4πε 0 r 2 r2

41. Relation Between Electric Field and Potential

Di!erence:

(i) If dV is the potential di!erence between two points

separated by a distance dr in a uniform electric field on
a straight line parallel to the field, then

E = − dV
dr
.

(ii) In the above relation, negative sign indicates that

the potential decreases if we move in the direction of
the electric field.

(iii) Negative of the slope of the V − r graph denotes

the intensity of electric field, i.e., tanθ = dV
dr = −E
.

(iv) If the potential is a function of the coordinates

x, y, and z, then the electric field in space can be
→
written as E = Ex î + Ey ĵ + Ez k̂ , where Ex = − ∂∂Vx ,
Ey = − ∂∂Vy and Ez = − ∂∂Vz .

(v) If dV is the potential di!erence between two points

→
separated by dr in a uniform electric field on a straight
line making some angle to the field, then the electric
field can be determined by knowing the boundary
conditions,

r2 → →
dV = − ∫ r 1 E ⋅ dr
= − ∫rr12 Edrcosθ

(vi) If an electric field is given in space, then the

potential di!erence between two points in the space
can be calculated as,

→
∆V = VB − VA = − ∫rr12 E ⋅ d→ x y
r = − ∫x1 Ex dx − ∫y12 Ey dy

42. Equipotential Surface:

The locus of all points that are at the same potential is

called the equipotential surface.

Regarding equipotential surface, the following points

should be kept in mind:

(i) The direction of the electric field is perpendicular to

the equipotential surfaces or lines.

(ii) The equipotential surfaces produced by a point

charge or a spherically charge distribution are a family
of concentric spheres.

(iii) For a uniform electric field, the equipotential

surfaces are planes perpendicular to the field lines.

(iv) Equipotential surfaces due to electric dipole and

two identical charges separated are shown in the
below figure.

(v) A metallic surface of any shape is an equipotential

surface.

(vi) Equipotential surfaces can never cross each other.

(vii) The work done in moving a charge along an

equipotential surface is always zero.

43. Electric Dipole:

Two equal and opposite charges separated by a small

distance.

(i) Electric dipole moment (p):

→

The product of charge and length of the dipole.

→ →
(a) Dipole moment, p = q × 2l

(b) S.I. unit: C m

(c) Dimensions: LTA

(d) It is a vector quantity.

(e) Its direction is always from –q to +q.

(ii) Electric field on axial line:

→ 1 2pr
(a) Eaxial = 4π 0
ε (r 2 −l 2 ) r̂

(b) For a short dipole:

→ 1 2p
→
Eaxial = 4πε 0 r 3

(iii) Electric field on equatorial line:

→
→ (−P )
1
(a) Eequatorial = 4πε 0 (r 2 +l 2 ) 3/2

→ →
−p
(b) For short dipole, Eequatorial = 4πε 0 r 3 .

(iv) Electric field at the centre of dipole:

→ 1 2q 1
→
p
Emid = 4πε 0 l 2
= 4πε 0 l 3

(v) Electric field at any general point due to a short

dipole:

p
(a) E = 4πε 0 r 3
√1 + 3cos2 θ

(b) If ϕ is the angle made by the electric field with

position vector r, then tanϕ =
→ 1
2
tanθ.

(vi) Electric potential at midpoint of the dipole,

Vmid = 0.
kp
(vii) Potential on axial line, V axial = r 2 −l 2
.

1 P
For r ≫ l, V axial = 4πε 0 r 2

(viii) Potential at any point on an equatorial plane is

zero.

(ix) Potential at any general point due to dipole is,

1 pcosθ
Vgeneral = 4πε 0 r 2

44. Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field:

(i) Net force on the dipole is zero.

(ii) Torque on dipole is r = p × E.

→ → →

⇒ →
τ = pEsinθ, where θ is the angle between electric
field and dipole moment.

45. Dipole in a Non-uniform Electric Field:

→ → →
dE
(i) Force on the dipole, F = −p ⋅ dx

(ii) Torque on the dipole is τ = l × (E1 + E2 ), where

→ → → →

E1 and E2 are electric fields at the point charges.

46. Electrostatic Potential Energy:

(i) Potential energy of the two-particle system in an

external electric field:
1 q1q2
U= 4πε 0 r

(ii) Potential energy of the two-particle system in an

external electric field:
1 q1q2
U= 4πε 0 r
+ q1 VA + q2 VB

(iii) Potential energy of three particle system,

kq 1 q 2 kq 2 q 3 kq 3 q 1
U= r 12 + r 23 + r 31

(iv) If the system has n particles, then the number of

n(n−1)
terms in potential energy of the system is 2 .

(v) Potential energy of short dipole in a uniform electric

field is,

→
U = −→
p ⋅ E = −pEcosθ
(a) If θ = 0°, U = −pE (minimum). The dipole is in
stable equilibrium.

(b) If θ = 180°, U = +pE (maximum). The dipole is in

unstable equilibrium.

(c) If θ = 90°, then U = pEcos90°= 0 (reference point)

47. Equilibrium of Charged Soap Bubble:

(i) For a charged soap, bubble of radius R and surface

tension T and charge density σ. The pressure due to
surface tension 4TR
and atmospheric pressure Pout act
radially inwards and the electrical pressure (Pel ) acts
radially outward.

(a) The total pressure inside the soap bubble:

4T σ2
Pin = Pout + R − 2ε 0

(b) Excess pressure inside the charged soap bubble:

4T σ2
Pin − Pout = Pexcess = R − 2ε 0

(ii) If air pressure inside and outside is assumed equal,

then Solve questions from 15+ books
with step-by-step
4T
solutions
σ 2
Pin = Pout , i.e., Pexcess = 0. So, R = 2ε 0
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σ = √ 8εR0 T = √ πkR
2T

8ε 0 T
(b) Radius of bubble: R=
Mobile Number
σ2
2
(c) Surface tension: T = σ8εR
0
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(e) Electric field intensity at the surface of the bubble:

E = √ ε8T = √ 32πkT
R
0 R Continue
(f) Electric potential at the surface:
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