BASIC ELECTRONICS NOTES(22225)

Prepared by

Prof Mrs Wattamwar V G

Unit I--Electronic components and Signals

(1) Draw the symbol of inductor and capacitor. State the unit of inductor
and capacitor.
Ans.
Symbol of Inductor:
OR

Symbol of Capacitor:

OR OR OR

Unit of Inductance : Henry OR H Unit of

capacitance : farad OR F

2.

(2) State the two advantages and disadvantages of integrated

circuits.
Ans
Advantages of Integrated circuits:
• Small in size due to the reduced device dimension.
• Low weight due to very small size.
• Low power requirement due to lower dimension and lower threshold
power requirement.
• Low cost due to large-scale production.
• High reliability due to the absence of a solder joint.
• Increased speed.
• Easy replacement instead of repairing as it is economical.
• Higher yield, because of the batch fabrication.
Disadvantages of Integrated circuits:
 • IC resistors have a limited range.
• Generally inductors (L) cannot be formed using IC.
• ICs are delicate and cannot withstand rough handling
• Limited amount of power handling.
• Lack of flexibility.
• Higher value capacitors cannot be fabricated.

(3) Determine the value of capacitance with the following

colour code.
(i) Orange, Orange, Blue
(ii) Yellow, Violet, Yellow
Ans. (i) Orange, Orange, Blue

Colour coding:
Orange Orange Blue

3 3 6
Value of capacitor: 33 X 106 pF
= 33 X 106 X 10-12F
= 33 X 10-6 F
= 33µF

ii) Yellow, Violet, Yellow

Yellow Violet Yellow
4 7 4

Value of capacitor : 47 X 104 pF

= 470KpF
 OR
= 47 X 104 X 10-12F
= 47 X 10-8 F

= 0.47µF

(4) State the different types of resistors. State any four specifications of
resistors.

Ans Different types of Resistors:-

Specifications of Resistor:-

 Temperature Coefficient.
 Size or value of a resistor
 Power Dissipation / wattage
 Tolerance
 Thermal Stability
 Frequency Response.
 Power De-rating.
 Maximum Temperature.
 Maximum Voltage.

(5) Differentiate between P-N junction diode and zener diode.

Ans

(6)
(i) In the waveform shown in fig (1), state its amplitude,
frequency, phase and wavelength.
Ans

From given figure,

1. Amplitude = Vm = 4V
1
2. Frequency (f) =
T

𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟑

=500Hz
3. Phase: =0
4. Wavelength λ = Vc/f =(3*10 ^8 )/500 = 6 x 105m
(ii) Define: amplitude and frequency Amplitude:
The maximum value (positive or negative) attained by an
alternating quantity is called its amplitude or peak value. The amplitude of an
alternating voltage or current is designated by Vm or Im.
Frequency:
The number of cycles that occurs in one second is called the frequency (f) of the
alternating quantity. It is measured in cycles/ sec or Hertz(Hz)

(7) Define resistor and draw symbol of variable resistor.

Ans Resistor:

: A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical

current in an electronic circuit.
Symbol of variable resistor:
(8) List specification of BJT.

Ans  The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) has small signal current gain, α (hfb).
 Maximum collector current Ic (max).
:
 Maximum collector to emitter voltage, VCE (max).
 Collector to emitter breakdown voltage, BVCBO.
 Collector cut off current, ICEO.
 Maximum collector dissipation, PD.
 Collector saturation voltage, VCE (sat).
 Collector to emitter cut off voltage, VCEO.
 Base emitter saturation voltage, VBE (sat).

(9) State advantages of MOSFET.

Ans Advantages of MOSFET

:  MOSFETs provide greater efficiency while operating at lower voltages.

 Absence of gate current results in high input impedance.
 High switching speed.
 They operate at lower power and draws no current.
 They have high drain resistance due to lower resistance of channel.
 They are easy to manufacture.
 They are portable.
(10) Give different types of IC.

Ans  Analog IC
 Digital IC
:  Thin and thick film ICs
 Monolithic ICs
(11) State different types of electrical signal and draw all types of waveforms.

Ans Types of electrical signals

: 1) Sine wave
2) Triangular wave
3) Square wave

(12) With the help of circuit diagram describe conversion of VG. Source to
current source.

Ans Any practical voltage source or simply a voltage source consists of an ideal
voltage source in series with an internal resistance or impedance.
:
 The voltage and current source are mutually transferable i.e. voltage to current
source

and current to voltage source.

Figure A represents a practical voltage source in series with the internal

resistance r while figure B represents a practical current source with parallel
internal resistance r

Therefore, for any practical voltage source, if the ideal voltage be V and internal
resistance be r, the voltage source can be replaced by a current source I (i.e. )
with the internal resistance(r) in parallel with the current source as shown.

(13) State the applications and specification of

(i) Resistor

(ii) Capacitor

(iii) Inductor
Ans Application of resistor:1.Resistors are used in high frequency
instrument. 2.Resistor is used in power control circuit.
:
3. It is used in DC power supplies.
4. Resistors are used in filter circuit networks.
5. It is used in amplifiers, oscillators, telecommunication and digital multimeter. 6.It is
used in wave generators.
Applications of capacitor:
1. Use for capacitors is energy storage.

2. Additional uses include power conditioning, signal coupling or decoupling, electronic noise
filtering, and remote sensing.
Applications of Inductors:

1.Filters
2.Sensors

Specifications of Resistor:

1.Temperature Coefficient. 2.Size or

value of a resistor 3.Power

Dissipation / wattage

4.Tolerance 5.Thermal

Stability

6.Frequency Response.

7.Power De-rating.

8.Maximum Temperature.

9.Maximum Voltage.

Capacitor specifications:
1.Capacitance value

2.Tolerance

3.Working voltage

4.Dielectric

5.Working temperature

6.Temperature coefficient
 Inductor Specification:

1. DC Resistance (DCR) 2.Maximum DC Current

3.Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
4.Magnetic Saturation Flux Density
5.Curie Temperature

(14) List any four specifications of resistors. Specifications

Ans. of resistors:

 Resistance Value / Resistivity

 Tolerance
 Power Rating
 Thermal Stability
 Maximum operating temperature
 Maximum operating voltage

(15) Draw the symbol of N-channel and P-channel enhancement type

MOSFET.
Ans. Symbol of N- Channel Enhancement MOSFET:
 Symbol of P- Channel Enhancement MOSFET:

(16) List the types of signals. Types of

Ans. signals:

1. Analog signal
2. Digital signal
3. AC signal
4. DC signal
5. Sinusoidal signal
6. Triangular signal
7. Square signal

(17) State the advantages of integrated circuits over circuits with discrete components.

Advantages of Integrated circuits:

8. Small in size due to the reduced device dimension.
9. Low weight due to very small size.
10. Low power requirement due to lower dimension and lower threshold power
requirement.
11. Low cost due to large-scale production.
12. High reliability due to the absence of a solder joint.
13. Increased response time and speed.
14. Easy replacement instead of repairing as it is economical.
15. Higher yield, because of the batch fabrication.
(18) Determine the value of resistance with the following colour code:
(i) Red, Red, Orange, Gold (ii) Brown, Black, Black, Silver

16. Red, Red, Orange, Gold

Red Red Orange Gold

2 2 x 1000 ± 5%

= 22 x 1000± 5%

Value of resistor is 22 KΩ ± 5% OR 22000Ω ± 5%

17. Brown, Black, Black, Silver
Brown Black Black Silver

1 0 x1 ±10%

= 10 x 1 ± 10%
Value of resistor is 10 Ω ± 10%

(19) Compare P-N junction diode and zener diode on the basis of
(i) Symbol (ii) Direction of conduction

(iii) Reverse breakdown (iv) Application

Ans. Parameter Zener Diode PN Diode

Symbol

Direction of It conducts in both It conducts only in one

conduction
directions. direction.

Reverse It has quite sharp It has no sharp reverse

breakdown reverse breakdown. breakdown.
Commonly used for commonly used for
Application
voltage regulation rectification

(20) Calculate peak-to-peak amplitude, frequency and wavelength of

 waveforms shown in Fig.1

Ans.

For sine waveform:

1. Peak to peak amplitude =10 V
2. Frequency=1/T =1/(2.5ms) = 400 Hz

3. wavelength λ = Vc/f =(3*108)/400 =750000 m

For square waveform:

1. Peak to peak amplitude =20 V
2. Frequency=1/T =1/(20 ms) = 50 Hz
3. wavelength λ = Vc/f =(3*108)/50 =6000000 m

Assignment1
 Unit -1 Electronic components and Signals

1. Draw the symbol of Inductor and Capacitor

2. Define active components and passive components

3. List any four specifications of resistors

4. List the types of signals

5. Draw the symbol of inductor and capacitor. State the unit of inductor

and capacitor.

6. State the two advantages and disadvantages of integrated circuits

7. Give four differences between analog and digital circuits.

8. State the advantages of integrated circuits over circuits with discrete

components

9. Determine the value of resistance with following colour code:

i) Red, Red,Orange,Gold (ii) Brown, Black, Black, Silver

10. Determine the value of capacitance with the following colour code.

i) Orange, Orange, Blue ii) Yellow, Violet, Yellow

11. State the different types of resistors. State any four specifications of

resistors.

12. in the waveform shown in fig. (i). State its amplitude, frequency, phase

ii) Define : amplitude and frequency