PRATICAL SKILL EXERCISES

Sl.
Practical Out Comes/Practical exercises
No.
Identify Various types of safety signs and what they mean Demonstrate and practice use of
PPE
Demonstrate how to free a person from electrocution appropriate first aid to victims,
bandaging, heart attack, CPR, etc.
1
Fire safety, causes and precautionary activities.
Use of appropriate fire extinguishers on different types of fires.
Demonstrate rescue techniques applied during fire hazard.
Inform relevant authority about any abnormal situation during fire hazard.
2 Demonstrate different types of Earthing / using videos. Prepare a Report on types of Earthing
Connect voltmeter and ammeter in a simple circuit. (Practicing of identification and connection
3
of different meters)
Determine the equivalent Resistance of series connected resistances.
4
Demonstrate effects of shorts and opens in a circuit
5 Determine the equivalent Resistance of parallel connected resistances.
Generate and demonstrate the measurement of frequency, time period and phase difference
6
of AC quantity using CRO and function generator.
Measure the voltage, current, power using relevant measuring instruments in a Single-phase
7
load.
Measure single phase energy using relevant measuring instruments in a Single-phase load.
8.
Measure the voltages in Three phase supply.
Wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control one lamp from two different places using
9.
suitable protective devices.
10 2. Wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control of 2 sockets and 2 lamps.
11 Wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control one lamp from two different places.
Plan and estimate the cost of electrical wiring for one 3mx3m room consisting of 2 CFL
12
1ceiling fan, 2 three pin sockets.
Connect the Single- phase transformer as Step-Up, Step-Down transformer and verify the
13
transformation ratio.
Construct a suitable circuit to start and reverse the direction of three phase induction motor
14
using DOL/star-delta starter.
15 Troubleshoot the DOL/Star-delta starter and induction motor
16 Testing Condition of charging and discharging of a Lead-acid battery.
17 Estimate the UPS rating for a computer lab with 50computers/domestic.
Determine the value of resistance by color code and
18
compare it with multimeter readings
19 Identify the terminals of a Diode and test the diode for its condition.
Construct and test bridge rectifiers using semiconductor diode and rectifier IC. Compare the
20
waveforms using CRO.
Identification of transistor terminals and test.Construct and test the transistor as an electronic
21
switch.
22 Test an IC. Verify the truth-table AND, OR, NOT logic gates.
23 Verify the truth-table NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR logic gates.
Connect and test anIR proximity sensor to a Digital circuit.
24
NOTE:Any sensor listed in the theory may be used for condition appropriately.
25 Connect and test a relay circuit using an Optocoupler.(Photo Diode & Transistor)
26 Identify MCS-51 variants, Identify commercially available PLC and their specifications.
 Electrical and Electronics Symbols

Sl.
Name of the Component Symbol Description
No.

Fixed

01 Resistor

Variable

C Normal Capacitor

02 Capacitor
Electrolytic Capacitor

VariableCapacitor
 Fixed

03 Inductor

Variable

Connected

05 Electrical Wire

Not connected

06 Alternating Current

07 Direct Current

Earth Ground

08 Ground
Chassis Ground

A – Anode(+)
A K
09 Diode K- Cathode(-)

A – Anode(+)

LED (Light Emitting K- Cathode(-)

10
Diode)

E - Emitter
B- Base
11 Transistor
C- Collector

+ - positive
12 Battery – - Negative
13 Transformer

DC Ammeter

14
AC Ammeter
Ammeter

DC

15 Voltmeter
AC

16 Wattmeter

17 NOT Gate

18 OR Gate

19 AND Gate
 Experiment No:01

Name of the Experiment: Safety Sign Boards

AIM: Identify various types of safety signs boards and what they mean
Various types of safety signs boards
Various types of safety sign boards safety sign boards are used to draw attention provide
general information and direction to employees or common people about hazards (injuries) which
may cause .
Safety sign boards play a key role in keeping people safe on the job.
Safety sign boards must be noticeable and easy to read.
There are five different types of sign boards recognised by ANSI standard.
1. DANGER SIGN:
Used for situation where there is a hazard present that will cause serious injury or death if
not avoided.
Danger sign boards have red background with white text .
It should be reserved only for most dangerous hazards.
2. WARNING SIGN BOARDS:
These are used to draw attention rather than hazards.
This sign boards have Orange background with black text.
This sign boards shows there is a serious hazard present which may cause radius injury.
3. CAUTION SIGN BOARD:
This sign boards are used to inform about hazard situation if not take seriously may cause
minor or moderate injury.
These boards are written with yellow background and black text.
For ex. When there is a slippery area which causes injury.
4. NOTICE SIGN BOARDS:
This sign boards are used to convey other information not related to safety.
These boards are written by blue sign with white text.
For example: No smoking boards placed near petrol bunks and near public places.
5. SAFETY INSTRUCTION SIGN BOARDS:
This sign boards are most commonly used for first aid.
This sign boards are green background with white text.
1. AMMETERS

2. VOLTMETERS

3.OHM
METERS

3. MEGGERS
 ENERGY METERS

4. MULTI METERS
ANALOG DIGITAL
Example no 1:

I Band II Band III Band IV Band 1000 Ω +- 5%

1000 x 5 = 50Ω

Brown Black Red Gold 100

1 0 x 102 +- 5%

1 0 x 100 +- 5% 1000 + 50= 1050Ω

1000 Ω +- 5% 1000-50 = 950Ω

1K Ω +- 5%

Tabular Column:

Sl Colour code of Resistance Value of resistance Value of Resistance

no calculated using Chart measured using Multimeter
1
2
3
4
5
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Colour Code of Resistance

AIM: To Determine the value of resistance by color code and compare it with multimeter readings.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl No Name Type Qty
1 Solderless Experimenters' Board 1
2 Digital Multimeter Digital 1
3 Resistors 1/4 watt, 5% tolerance 10

PROCEDURE:
1. Place given resistors on your bread board.
2. Write down the resistor band colors for each of the resistors in the table.
3. Using the color codes determine the components theoretical resistance.
4. Turn on the multimeter, set the device to measure resistance.
5. Use your multimeter to measure the actual values of the resistors.
6. Record these values in the table and tabulate the results
Circuit Diagram:

Tabular Column:

Sl no Voltage across R in Current I in mA Resistance R in Mean R in ohm’s

Volts ohm’s

1
2
3
4
5

Theoritical Calculations: Practical Calculations:

Brown Black Red Gold R= V Ω

1 0 x 102 I

1 0 x 100 1.

1000 Ω

1K Ω
 Experiment No:03

Name of the Experiment: Ohm’s law of DC Circuit

AIM: To measure voltage & current against individual resistance in a DC Circuit & Compare
Theoritical Pratical Value.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 Unknown Reistance - 1
2 DC Ammeter ( 0-50)mA 1
3 DC Voltmeter (0-30)V 1
4 DC RPS (0-30)V 1
5 Tag Board - 1
6 Connecting wires 1 Set

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Before switch ON the RPS set the Voltage knob to Minimum position & Current knob to
Maximum Position.
3. Vary the RPS Voltage in steps of 1 Volt or 2Volt.
4. Note down the Corresponding readings in Ammeter & Voltmeter.
5. Calculate the Value of Resistance using The formula R = V/I Ω.
6. Take the mean value if resistance & Compare with the theoretical Value.

RESULT: The value of resistance is calculated using voltage & Current & Compared with
theoretical value.
Circuit Diagram:

a) Series Network

Tabular Column:

Sl no Voltage across R in Current in mA Resistance in Mean R in ohm’s

Volts ohm’s

1
2
3

Theoritical Calculations: Practical Calculations:

R s = R 1 + R2 Ω R= V Ω

I
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Effective Resistance

AIM: To construct & find the effective resistance when resistors connected in Series & Parallel
network in a DC Circuit & Compare Theoritical Pratical Value.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 Reistance 1kΩ, 2.2KΩ 1 each
2 DC Ammeter ( 0-50)mA 1
3 DC Voltmeter (0-30)V 1
4 DC RPS (0-30)V 1
5 Tag Board - 1
6 Connecting wires 1 Set

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Before switch ON the RPS set the Voltage knob to Minimum position & Current knob to
Maximum Position.
3. Select the desired value of resistors & Calculate the theoretical value of Effective
resistance.
4. Vary the RPS Voltage in steps of 1 Volt or 2Volt.
5. Note down the Corresponding readings in Ammeter & Voltmeter.
6. Calculate the Value of Resistance using The formula R = V/I Ω.
7. Take the mean value if resistance & Compare with the theoretical Value.

RESULT: The effective resistance of resistors when connected in Series & Parallel networks is
calculated & Compared with theoretical value.
Circuit Diagram:

a) Parallel Network

Tabular Column:

Sl no Voltage across R in Current in mA Resistance in Mean R in ohm’s

Volts ohm’s

1
2
3

Theoritical Calculations: Practical Calculations:

1 1 1 Ω R V Ω

Rp R1 R2 I

or

Rp = (R1 R2)

(R1 + R2)
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Parameters of AC Quantity

AIM: To generate and demonstrate the measurement of Amplitude, peak to peak voltage,
frequency, time period and phase Angle of AC quantity using CRO and function generator.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 Signal Generator 2Mhz 01
2 CRO 2Mkz 01
3 Probes - 1 Set

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect Signal generator output to the input of C.R.O. at channel 1 or a channel 2.

2. Select proper channel if signal is connected to channel 1 select CH1 or if signal is connected to
channel 2 select CH2
3. Adjust Time / Div knob to get sufficient time period displacement of the wave on the CRO
screen.
4. With fine tuning of time/ Div make the waveform steady on screen
5. Use triggering controls if waveform is not stable.
6. Keep volt/ div knob such that waveform is visible on the screen without clipping.
7. Measure max voltage,P-P voltage reading a long y-axis. This reading is multiplied with
volt/ d iv knob position value.
8. Measure horizontal division of one complete cycle. This division multiplied by time/ div gives
time period of the i/p wave.
9. Calculate frequency using formula f = 1/ T and Phase Angle θ = [360 ]n

10. Using tracing sheet trace the waveform.

Block Diagram:

Signal
Generator
CRO

Representation of Alternating Quantity

Tabular Column:

a) Amplitude or Vmax

Sl No. of vertical division on Y- Range in CRO Amplitude= Col 2 X Col3

No axis. (+Ve cycle) (Volts/Div knob) in volts
1

b)Peak to Peak (Vp-p)

Sl No. of vertical division on Y- Range in CRO Amplitude= Col 2 X Col3

No axis( Both +ve & -Ve cycles) (Volts/Div knob) in volts
1

c)Time Period( T)

Sl No. of horizantal division on Range in CRO Time T= Nxt

No X- axis. ( N) ( Time/ div knob) in milli seconds
(t)
1

d)Phase Angle (θ)

Sl No. of horizantal division Range in CRO Time T= Nxt No. of divisions at

No on X- axis. ( N) ( Time/ div knob) (t) in milli seconds which phase tobe
measured on x-axis
(n)
1
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Measuring Voltage & current in single phase load

AIM: To measure voltage& current in single phase load & calculate power theoretically.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 AC Ammeter 0-5A 1
2 AC Voltmeter 0-300V 1
3 Lamp Load - 1
4 Wires 1 Set

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Apply 230V,50Hz Single phase AC Suppluy.
3. Apply the load in steps note down the reading of meters in each step.
4. Calculate the electrical Power using the formula P= VxI in watts.

Calculations:

1. f = 1 hz
T
2. θ = [360 ]n

RESULT:

The voltage & Current of a single phase load is measured for a lamp load & power is calculated.
Circuit diagram:

Tabular Column:

Sl No Voltage( V ) in Volts Current(I) in Amps Electrical Power P= V

x I in watts.

Calculations:

P= V x I watts
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Measuring Electrical Power single phase load

AIM: To measure Electrical Power in single phase load using Wattmeter & compare theoretical &
Practical values.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 AC Ammeter 0-5A 1
2 AC Voltmeter 0-300V 1
3 Wattmeter 300v, 5A 1
3 Lamp Load - 1
4 Wires 1 Set

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Apply 230V,50Hz Single phase AC Supply.
3. Apply the load in steps note down the reading of meters in each step.
4. Calculate the electrical Power using the formula P= V x I in watts.

RESULT:

The Electrical Power for single phase is measured for a lamp load using wattmeter & compared
both theoretical & Practical Values.
Circuit diagram:

Tabular Column:

Sl No Lamp Load Voltage( V ) Current(I) Electrical Power

in Volts in Amps in watts.
1 1 Lamp X 2=
2 2 Lamp X 2=
3 3 Lamp X 2=

Theoritical Calculations: Wattmeter Constant

P= V x I watts Ws= Vs x
Is
FSR

Ws= 300 x 5
750

Ws= 2

Lamp Load Theoritical Practical Electrical

Electrical Power Power

1 Lamp
2 Lamp
3 Lamp
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Measuring Electrical Energy single phase load

AIM: To measure Electrical Energy in single phase load using Energy meter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 Energy Meter Single Phase 1
2 Lamp Load - 1
3 Wires 1 Set

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Apply 230V,50Hz Single phase AC Supply.
3. Before applying the load note down the intial reading of meter.
4. After giving some time switch off the supply & note down final readings
5. Calculate the electrical energy consumed using the formula E= FR- IR in kwh.

RESULT:

The Electrical Energy for single phase is measured for a lamp load using energy meter .
Circuit diagram:

Tabular Column:

Sl No Cindition of Lamp Intial reading of Final reading of Energy Consumed

Load energy Meter energyMeter E=FR-IR kwh.

1 1 Lamp
2 2 Lamp
3 3 Lamp
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Measuring Single Phase & Three phase Voltage

AIM: To measure the Voltage across Single Phase & Three phase Voltage supply mains using
Multimeter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Digital Multimeter
2. 1ɸ & 3ɸ supply Socket

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Set the Multimeter AC Voltage Measurement Mode of 600V/700V.
3. For Single Phase there is only one Line Voltage note it down.
4. For Three phase there are three phases in turn three line voltages measure one by one & note
down the readings.

Result: Measured both Single Phase & Three Phase Voltages using digoital Multimeter.
 Block Diagram:

1ɸ Voltage Socket:

230V,50Hz
1ɸ AC Supply
N

1ɸ Voltage = ______ Volt

3ɸ Voltage Socket:

R
440V,50Hz
3ɸ AC Supply
Y B

3ɸ Voltage RB= ______ Volts, YB= ______ Volts , RY= _________ Volts
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: various wiring tools

AIM: To identify & study the function of different types of electrician tools.

Sl.
Name of the tool Pictures Tool Usage
No.
Pliers are used to cut wire and
also to hold or grab it.
1 Cutting plier Pliers have an
insulated handle.
Long nose pliers used to hold
Long Nose Pliers wires in small space, cut
2
and to tighten or loose small
nuts.

Cleans or strips the insulation

3 Wire Strippers
from copper wire – stranded or
solid.

4 For turning screws with slotted

Screw Driver heads

A hacksaw is used to cut cable

armour, conduit pipes, etc. it has
a frame where the blade is
5 Hacksaw tightened by means of a wing
nut.
Does everything from stripping
6 Razor knife/blade large gauge wire to cutting and
opening boxes.

7 Ball Peen Hammer

Hold and nail in place.

Used to test and identify Phase /

Live wire / conductor. Also
8 Line Tester called as voltage or current
detector.

Is used to measure high current

9 Clamp ON meter OR by magnetic induction principle
Tong Tester
 Drilling machine is a tool
10 Drilling Machine primarily used for making round
holes or driving fasteners

11
Measuring Tape Is a flexible ruler used to
measure size or distance.

12 Multimeter Combines several / multiple

measurement functions like
voltage, current, and resistance.

An electric wire is a copper or

aluminum insulated wire and
13 Wires has one or more twisted stands.
PVC, VIR wires are commonly
used.
Safety tape for wires, used to
cover, insulate a broad range of
14 Insulation Tape cables, wires and other materials
that
conduct electricity.
 Tabular Column:

Sl No TWS1 TWS2 Lamp

Condition
1 P1 P1 ON

2 P1 P2 OFF

3 P2 P1 OFF

4 P2 P2 ON
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Staircase Lighting

( Control single lamp from two different places)

AIM: Wire up & test PVC Conduit wiring to Control one lamp from two different places.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 Fuse - 2
2 Lamp 60W 1
3 Lamp Holder 1
4 Two way Switch 2
5 Connecting Wires 1set
6 Pipe 1 Set
7 Saddles 5
8 Junction Box 4 Way 1

PROCEDURE:

1.Make the layout diagram on the board with chalk

2.Arrange the accessories on the wiring board as per circuit diagram.
3.Fix the PVC conduit using junction box, elbow, gang box, round block and metal
clamp.
4.Skin the wire where ever necessary.
5.Connect the lamp holders and switches at correct positions using phase and
neutral wires.
6.Test the supply with series testing board
7.Give the power supply to the circuit and check the result.

RESULT:

By doing Conduit wiring system single lamp is controlled from two different places.
Circuit diagram:

OBSERVATION COLUMN:-

Sl No SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 L1 L2 L3 L4

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Control two lamps & two sockets independently

AIM: Wire up a circuit to control a two lamps and two 3 pin sockets independently.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:-

SL.NO. Pariculars Range Quantity.

1 Wooden wiring board 2½”X2’X3” 1
2 PVC Junction box 2 way & 4 way 1 each
3 SP switch with Gang 5A,230V 4
box
4 Lamp holder 5A,230V 2
5 PVC Pipe ½” 5
6 Lamp 40W, 230V 2
7 Copper Wire 1.0SQMM 2m
8 Saddels ½” 6
9 Wooden Screws ¾” 13
10 3pin socket 6A,230V 2
11 Screws for Gang box 2” 6
12 Tool Kit - 1set

PROCEDURE:
1.Make the layout diagram on the board with chalk.
2.Arrange the accessories on the wiring board as per circuit diagram.
3. Fix the PVC conduit using junction box, elbow, gang box, round block and
metal clamp.
4.Skin the wire where ever necessary.
5.Connect the lamp holders and switches at correct positions using phase and
neutral wires.
6.Test the supply with series testing board.
7.Give the power supply to the circuit and observe the output.
.
RESULT : Wired up the circuit to control of 2 sockets and 2 lamps and observation table is
verified.
Circuit diagram:

Tabular Column:

STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE RATIO CURRENT RATIO
SL.NO
V1 IN V2 IN
K = V2/V1 I1 IN AMP I2 IN AMP K = I1/I2
VOL VOLTS

1 50

2 100

3 150

4 230
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Voltage & Current Ratio

AIM: To determine Voltage & Current ratio of Single Phase Step down Transformer .

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

PROCEDURE:

1. Sl No are made as
Connections Particulars
shown in the circuit diagram. Range Quantity
2. Switch on the Auto Transformer & SetStat
1 AutoTransformer/Dimmer Single
to required phase
Voltage. 1
2 Step Down Transformer Single phase 1
3. Measure the Voltage V1 & V2 using Multimeter.
3 AC Ammeter 0-5A 2
4. Calculate
4 the Voltage Ratio
AC Voltmer/ DMM using the Formula K= V2/V1.
0-300V 3
5. Now Switch
5 on theLoad
Lamp lamp load using Load Switch.- 1
6. Measure
6 the Primary Current
Connecting Wires I1 & Secondary Current I2. 1 Set
7. Calculate the Current ratio using the formula K= I1/I2.
8. Switch off the load & Supply mains.

Result: Measured both Primary & Secondary Voltages & Calculated the Voltage & Current
Ratio.
Testing of DIODE:

Tabular column:

Multimeter connection with

Sl. No Reading. Remarks
Diode
1 Red to Anode, Black to cathode.
2 Red to Cathode, Black to Anode
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Testing of Junction Diode

AIM: : Identify the terminals of a diode and test the diode for its condition.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantityy

1 D.M.M - 1
2 Test probes 1
3 Diode IN4007 1

Terminal Identification:
Before testing of the diode we have to identify the terminals of the diode that is anode and
cathode.
Most of the PN diodes have the white-band on its body and this white-band side terminal is the
cathode. And the remaining one is anode.
Some diodes may have a different color band, but the color band side terminal is the cathode.

Procedure:
Identify the terminals anode and cathode of the diode.

Keep the digital multimeter (DMM) in diode checking mode by rotating the central knob to the
place where the diode symbol is indicated.

In this mode multimeter is capable to supply a current of 2mA approximately between the test
leads.
Connect the red probe to the anode and black probe to the cathode. This means diode is forward-
biased.
Observe the reading on meter display. If the displayed voltage value is in between 0.6 to 0.7 (since
it is silicon diode) then the diode is healthy and perfect. For germanium diodes this value is in
between 0.25 to 0.3.
Now reverse the terminals of the meter that means connect the red probe to cathode and black to
anode. This is the reverse biased condition of the diode where no current flows through it.
Hence the meter should read OL (which is equivalent to open circuit) if the diode is healthy.

Result: The given Diode 1N4007 is in good condition.

Circuit Diagram:
Ω

Tabular Column:

Sl. No RPS Voltage in Volts Diode Condition LED Condition

1 Forward Bias.

2 Reverse Bias
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Diode as a Switch

AIM: To test the diode as a Switch.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 Diode 1N4007 1
2 Resistor 1 KΩ 1
3 LED 4mm 1
4 DCRPS (0-30)V 1
5 Tag Board - 12
6 Connecting Wires - 1 Set

PROCEDURE:

1. Identify the terminals of both Diode & LED.

2. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
3. Apply the RPS voltage slowly.
4. In forward bias condition diode act as closed switch & hence Led will glow.
5. Now reverse the diode terminals.
6. In reverse bias condition diode act as open switch & hence Led will not glow.

Result:

In forward bias condition diode act as closed switch & hence Led will glow & in reverse bias
condition diode act as open switch & hence Led will not glow.
Circuit Diagram:

Waveforms:
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Diode as a Switch

AIM: TO Build and test full wave bridge rectifier circuit without filter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl No Particulars Range Quantity
1 Transformer 6-0-6, 3 amp 01
2 CRO 25 M Hz 01
3 Probes 02
4 Diode 1N4007 04
5 Resistor 1 K Ω, ½ watt 01
6 Bridge IC BW10 01
7 Connecting wires 1 set

PROCEDURE:
1.Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2.Switch on CRO and make necessary settings.
3. Switch on power supply to the rectifier circuit & observe the wave form & trace it.
4.Note down Vin & Vm voltage readings.

Result: The full wave bridge rectifier with C filter is constructed using IC bridge & input output
waveforms are traced.
Circuit Diagram:

Waveforms:
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Diode as a Switch

AIM: TO Build and test full wave bridge rectifier circuit with C filter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl No Particulars Range Quantity
1 Transformer 6-0-6, 3 amp 01
2 CRO 25 M Hz 01
3 Probes 02
4 Diode 1N4007 04
5 Resistor 1 K Ω, ½ watt 01
6 Bridge IC BW10 01
7 Connecting wires 1 set

PROCEDURE:
1.Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2.Switch on CRO and make necessary settings.
3. Switch on power supply to the rectifier circuit & observe the wave form & trace it.
4.Note down Vin & Vm voltage readings.

Result: The full wave bridge rectifier with C filter is constructed using IC bridge & input output
waveforms are traced.
Circuit Diagram:

Tabular Column:

RPS1 Voltage
Sl. No LED Condition
in Volts
1

2
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Diode as a Switch

AIM: TO Construct and test transistor as an Electronic Switch.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl No Particulars Range Quantity
1 Transistor SL100, NPN 01
2 LED 4mm 01
3 Resistor 4.7K Ω,220 Ω 01
4 Tag board -- 01
5 Connecting wires 1 set

PROCEDURE:
1.Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2.Vary the RPS2 Voltage & set 5V Constant.
3. Before Varying the RPS1 Voltage Observe the LED Condition & note it down.
4.Now Vary the RPS1 Voltage Slowly & Observe the LED Condition.

Result: The full wave bridge rectifier with C filter is constructed using IC bridge & input output
waveforms are traced.
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Diode as a Switch

AIM: To study the operation of Basic Logic Gates using Symbol, pin diagram & Truth Table.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 IC Trainer kit 01
2 IC 7432, 7404, 7408 01Each
3 Connecting wires 1 Set
4 Digital Multimeter - 1

Procedure:

1. Check & confirm the good physical & Electrical condition of the equipment & component.
2. Test the given IC using IC tester.
3. Insert the given IC into the Zif Socket of Trainer Kit.
4. Before making Connections make sure that the trainer kit is switched off.
5. Make Connections as shown in the Logic diagram & switch on the Kit.
6. Give appropriate logic inputs to the IC through switches & Observe the outputs.
7. Compare the Output with standard TruthTable.

Result: The Operation of basic logic gates are verified using Pin diagram & TruthTable.
 Experiment No:02

Name of the Experiment: Diode as a Switch

AIM: To verify the Truth Table of NAND gate, NOR gate & Ex-OR gate.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Particulars Range Quantity

1 IC Trainer kit 01
2 IC 7402, 7400, 7486 01Each
3 Connecting wires 1 Set
4 Digital Multimeter - 1

Procedure:

1. Check & confirm the good physical & Electrical condition of the equipment & component.
2. Test the given IC using IC tester.
3. Insert the given IC into the Zif Socket of Trainer Kit.
4. Before making Connections make sure that the trainer kit is switched off.
5. Make Connections as shown in the Logic diagram & switch on the Kit.
6. Give appropriate logic inputs to the IC through switches & Observe the outputs.
7. Compare the Output with standard TruthTable.

Result: The Truth Table of NAND gate, NOR gate & Ex-OR gate are verified using pin diagram
&truth table.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TABULAR COLUMN:
SL SUPPLY LAMP LAMP
NO VOLTAGE L1 L2
1

10

11

12
 EXPERIMENT NO: 21
CONNECT AND TEST A RELAY CIRCUIT USING AN OPTOCOUPLER (PHOTO
DIODE & TRANSISTOR). AIM: Construct a simple circuit to use Optocoupler test a Relay
Circuit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl No Name Type Range/Specification Qty

1 R.P.S Linear 0-30 V, 2 Amp 1

Optocoupler
2 MCT2E 01
1 K Ω, ,1/2 watt
3 Resistor Carbon 02
4 Bulbs Incandescent 230 V, 40 W 02
5 BJT BC547 1
6 Connecting wires Single strand Lump sum
7 Relay Electromagnetic 12 V 01
8 Bread Board 1

PROCEDURE:
Test the components.
Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
Set RPS current to maximum and voltage to minimum level
Switch on the power supply and note down the lamp conditions.
Vary the RPS in steps of 1 V, and in each step note down lamp conditions.
Repeat the experiment up to 12 V.
Switch off the power supply.

RESULT: This verifies Optocoupler can be used to test relay circuit.