Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    6 Prokaryotics

    Uploaded by

    yabuasbeh
    Prokaryotics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    6 Prokaryotics

    Uploaded by

    yabuasbeh
    12 views7 pages
    Prokaryotics

    Original Title

    6_Prokaryotics

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Prokaryotics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views7 pages

    6 Prokaryotics

    Uploaded by

    yabuasbeh
    Prokaryotics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 7

    2021/2022 Worksheet # 6 1st Semester

    International Section High School

    Teacher's
    Name
    Noor Alsamarraie Grade
    11 SAT
    Subject Ap Biology Student's Name

    Topic
    Prokaryotic Cells Date

    Prokaryotic Cells
    Ap Biology Course

    10/25/2021
    Noor Alsamarraie
    [Type the author name]
    Prokaryotic Cells

     Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms belonging to the


    domains Bacteria and Archaea.

     Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells,


    have no nucleus, and lack organelles.

     All prokaryotic cells are encased by a cell wall. Many also


    have a capsule or slime layer made of polysaccharide.

     Prokaryotes often have appendages (protrusions) on their


    surface. Flagella and some pili are used for locomotion,
    and sex pili are used for DNA exchange.

     Most prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome.


    They may also have smaller pieces of circular DNA
    called plasmids.

    Ap Biology Noor Alsamarraie Page 2


    Prokaryotic Cells

    Introduction

    Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes, along with another


    group of single-celled organisms, the archaea.

    Prokaryotes are tiny, but in a very real sense, they dominate


    the Earth. They live nearly everywhere – on every surface, on
    land and in water, and even inside of our bodies.

    What are prokaryotes?

    Prokaryotes are microscopic organisms belonging to the


    domains Bacteria and Archaea, which are two out of the three
    major domains of life. (Eukarya, the third, contains
    all eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi.)

    Bacteria and archaea are single-celled, while most eukaryotes


    are multicellular.

    Fossils show that prokaryotes were already here on Earth


    5 billion years ago, and scientists think that prokaryotic
    ancestors gave rise to all of the life forms present on Earth
    today.

    Ap Biology Noor Alsamarraie Page 3


    Prokaryotic Cells

    Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes

     Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, a membrane-bound


    chamber where DNA is stored, while prokaryotic cells don't.
    This is the feature that formally separates the two groups.

     Eukaryotes usually have other membrane-bound


    organelles in addition to the nucleus, while prokaryotes
    don't.
     Many prokaryotic cells have sphere, rod, or spiral shapes,

    In the following sections, I’ll walk through the structure of a


    prokaryotic cell, starting on the outside and moving towards
    the inside of the cell.

     Prokaryotic cells are typically shaped as either spheres


    (called cocci), rods (called bacilli), or spirals.

    The capsule

    Many prokaryotes have a sticky outermost layer called


    the capsule, which is usually made of polysaccharides (sugar
    polymers).The capsule helps prokaryotes cling to each other

    Ap Biology Noor Alsamarraie Page 4


    Prokaryotic Cells

    and to various surfaces in their environment, and also helps


    prevent the cell from drying out.

    In the case of disease-causing prokaryotes that have


    colonized the body of a host organism, the capsule or slime
    layer may also protect against the host’s immune system.

    The cell wall

    All prokaryotic cells have a stiff cell wall, located underneath


    the capsule (if there is one). This structure maintains the
    cell’s shape, protects the cell interior, and prevents the cell
    from bursting when it takes up water.

    The cell wall of most bacteria contains peptidoglycan, a


    polymer of linked sugars and polypeptides. Peptidoglycan is
    unusual in that it contains not only L-amino acids, the type
    normally used to make proteins, but also D-amino acids
    ("mirror images" of the L-amino acids). Archaeal cell walls
    don't contain peptidoglycan, but some include a similar
    molecule called pseudopeptidoglycan, while others are
    composed of proteins or other types of polymers.

    Ap Biology Noor Alsamarraie Page 5


    Prokaryotic Cells

    Ap Biology Noor Alsamarraie Page 6


    Prokaryotic Cells

    Ap Biology Noor Alsamarraie Page 7

    You might also like