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    Meristematic Tissue

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    Invisible Shadow

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Meristematic Tissue

    Uploaded by

    Invisible Shadow
    9 views3 pages

    Original Title

    4095_1721476844536

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 views3 pages

    Meristematic Tissue

    Uploaded by

    Invisible Shadow

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Meristematic Tissue

    1.Plant tissue of thin walled compactly arranged immature active cells that divide and form new
    cells.
    2.These are found in the growth region of the plant.
    3.Cell wall is thin, elastic and cellulosic.
    4.Intercellular spaces are absent.
    5.Nucleus is large and cytology is dense.
    6.These are found in growth regions of the plant.

    Functions

    1.To heal the injury of plants by the formation of new cells.


    2.with the help of Meristems plants continue to produce new leaves, branches of stem and root ,
    flower , fruits and root hairs.
    3.These tissues take part in growth by formation of new cells.

    On the basis of position in the plantbody , Meristematic tissues are of 3 types.


    Apical
    Internally
    Lateral
    1.Apical Meristem
    These are situated at the growing tip of stems and roots.It is also found at Alice's of the leaves.

    Function

    Apical Meristem brings about elongation of root and stem .


    It results in an increase in the height of the plants.

    2.Intercalary
    These are found at the base of the leaves or internodes ( eg. Grasses) or below the nodes of
    twigs.( eg. mint)

    Function
    It produces an increase in the length of an organism such as leaves and internodes.The upward
    bending of lodged shoots is due to the activity of intercalary meristem.

    3.Lateral
    It occurs on the both sides in stem and root.These are found beneath the bark called cork
    cambium.Vascular cambium produces secondary vascular tissues- secondary phloem and
    secondary xylem.
    Cambium is the region which is responsible for growth and thickness.
    Function
    Lateral meristem increases the girth of stem and root.
    Simple Permanent Tissue
    Tissues in which permanent cells are similar in structure ,origin and function.
    Three types of permanent tissues
    1.Parenchyma
    2.Collenchyma
    3.Sclerenchyma
    1.Parenchyma -
    1.These are thin walled living cells.
    2.The cells are loosely packed with intercellular spaces.
    3.Thin cell wall is made up of cellulose.
    4.There is a central vacuole and peripheral cytoplasm containing the nucleus.
    eg. Mesophyll cell of leaves , cortex pith medulla rays of stem and root.
    Parenchyma
    (i)Chlorenchyma (ii) Aerenchyma
    (i)Chlorenchyma
    Tissues that contain chloroplast and hence aid in photosynthesis.
    (ii) Aerenchyma
    Parenchymatous cells with ample intercellular spaces found especially in aquatic plants.It
    provides buoyancy to aquatic plants to float in water.

    Function
    1.Storage of food.
    2.In xerophytes eg.succulents parenchyma acts as water storage tissue.
    3.The cells of Tissue remain turgid and provide rigidity to softer parts.
    4.Gaseous exchange due to presence of intercellular spaces.
    5.Storage of waste products like gums, resins, tannins.

    2.Collenchyma-
    1.It consists of living and elongated cells.
    2.It provides flexibility to soft aerial parts ( i.e.leaves, young stem)
    3.cell walls contain cellulose and pectin.
    4.Intercellular spaces are absent.
    5.Collenchyma is absent in monocot stem ,roots and leaves.
    6.It is located below the epidermis of soft dicot stem and petiole.

    Function
    1.It provides flexibility and mechanical strength to the plant .
    2.It allows growth and elongation of organs.
    3.In dicot leaves, collenchyma provides protection against tearing injury.
    4.Storage of food.
    5.Photosynthesis due to the presence of chloroplast.
    3.Sclerenchyma
    This tissue is of dead highly thick walled cells with narrow lumen.Cell walls are highly lignified
    .Cell cavity or lumen is absent.
    Sclerenchyma is found in the covering of seeds ,husk of coconut, grit of apple ,pear and guava.
    Sclerenchyma fibres-
    Spindle shaped long narrow cells occurs in sheets or bundles.
    Sclerids
    Short , broad, highly thick walled Sclerenchyma cells called stone cells or grit cells.
    Function
    1.It provides mechanical strength to bear various stresses.
    2.It forms a protective covering around seeds and nuts.
    3.It provides commercial fibers like coconut, hemp,flax and jute.

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