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    System of Forces

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    Gitgat

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    System of Forces

    Uploaded by

    Gitgat
    12 views27 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views27 pages

    System of Forces

    Uploaded by

    Gitgat

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    SYSTEM OF FORCES

    Two-Dimensional Force Systems


    Rectangular Components
    Moment and Couple
    Resultants
    Three-Dimensional Force Systems
    Rectangular Components
    Moment and Couple
    Resultants

    Anze Bizjan/Shutterstock
    Principle of Transmissibility
    • Statement of the Principle
    A force may be applied at any point on its given line of action without altering the resultant
    effects of the force external to the rigid body on which it acts.

    • Illustration

    • Sliding Vectors
    2D Rectangular Components
    Vector Components: F = Fx + Fy

    • Scalar Components: F = Fxi + Fyj

    • Other Useful Relationships


    Finding Resultants using Components

     We add the components in the x- and y- direction


    EXAMPLE
    Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force
    We can approach this problem by resolving the forces into their x- and

    y-components. Thus, we have:

    300i + 0j

    400 cos300i + 400 sin 300j = 346i + 200j

    – 250 i + 250 j = – 200i + 150j

    R = 446i + 350j

    R = = 567N

    θ = = 38.10
    Rectangular Components (3D)
    • Illustration and Equations of Interest
    Writing Vector Components
    • Specification by two points on the line of action of the force.
    Writing Vector Components
    • Specification by two angles which orient the line of action of the force.

    • Horizontal and Vertical Components

    • x- and y-Components
    EXAMPLE
    Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles
    F1 = 72i + 54k
    of the resultant force

    F2 = 53.25i + 53.25j +129.9k

    F3 = 200k

    R = 125.25i + 53.25j +383.9k


    EXAMPLE Cont’d
    The Dot Product
    • Definitions and Illustration
    • P·Q = Q·P = PQ cos θ
    • θ = cos-1(P·Q /PQ)
    Moment
    • A moment is the tendency of a force to rotate a body about an axis.

    • Illustration: Pipe Wrench


    The Cross Product
    • Vector Expression for Moments

    • Position Vector, r

    • Moment Vector, M = r × F
    Varignon’s Theorem
    • The Theorem Stated
    The moment of a force about any point is equal to the sum of the moments of the components of
    the force about the same point.

    • The Theorem Illustrated – Vectors

    R=P+Q
    MO = r × R = r × (P + Q) = r × P + r × Q
    EXAMPLE
    • Calculate the magnitude of the moment about the base point O of the 600-N force.
    EXAMPLE Cont’d
    Use Components at A (CW is +)
    EXAMPLE Cont’d
    Vector Approach
    EXAMPLE
    The turnbuckle is tightened until the tension in cable AB is 2.4 kN. Determine the moment about
    point O of the cable force acting on point A and the magnitude of this moment.
    EXAMPLE Cont’d
    • Tension Vector

    • Moment about Point O

    • Magnitude of the Moment


    Couple
    • Definition
    The moment produced by two equal, opposite, and noncollinear forces is called a couple.

    MO = F(a + d) - Fa = Fd

    MO = rA × F + rB × (-F) = (rA - rB) × F = r × F

    The Couple is a Free Vector


    Equivalent Couples
    • Illustration
    Force-Couple Systems
    • Principle of the Force-Couple System
    Any force which acts at a particular location on a body can be replaced by an equivalent force
    which acts at a different location and a couple.

    • Illustration of the Process


    Resultants
    • Definition
    The resultant of a system of forces is the simplest force combination which can replace the
    original forces without altering the external effect on the rigid body to which the forces are
    applied.
    Example

    Four people are attempting to move a

    stage platform across the floor. If they

    exert the horizontal forces shown,

    determine the equivalent force–couple

    system at O
    Example

    A table exerts the four forces shown on

    the floor surface. Reduce the force

    system to a force–couple system at

    point O. Show that R is perpendicular

    to MO.

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