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Chapter3 Momentandcouples
Chapter3 Momentandcouples
Moment of Force
• The turning effect of a force (torque) is known as the
moment.
• It is the product of the force multiplied by the
perpendicular distance from the line of action of the
force to the point where the object will turn.
SMALL MOMENT LARGE MOMENT
The distance from the fulcrum The distance from the fulcrum
to the line of action of force is to the line of action of force is
very small large
(Cont…)
M = (F) (d) 50 Ib
= + (50) (3)
M = 150 lb-ft ( ) A
3’
Example 3.2
MO = (100 N) (2 m) = +200 Nm
MO = (-7 kN) (4 m – 1 m)
= 21.0 kNm
Principle of moment
• Sometimes refer as Varignon’s theorem
• The moment of a force about a point is equal to the sum
of the moments of the force’s components about the
point
F F
Fy
= d2
Fx
d1
d
A A
M A= Fd = -Fy(d2)+Fx(d1)
Example 3.3
A 200 N force acts on the bracket shown in Figure. Determine the
moment of the force about point A.
Exercise 1
• Determine the magnitude and directional sense of the
moment of the force A about point O
Exercise 2
• Determine the magnitude and directional sense of the
moment of the force at A about point O
COUPLES
• A couple consists of two equal, acting in
opposite directions and separated by a
perpendicular distance.
• Example:
20’’
5 lb
Total moment at the center:
= -50 + (-50)
5 lb = -100lb.in
• These force could have been treated as a couple,
which consists of two forces that are:
1. Equal
2. Acting in opposite direction
3. Separated by some perpendicular distance d
• These three requirement of couple, from the
example, we have;
i j k
= {-40i – 20j + 40k} N
MA =rB x F = 1 3 2
-40 -20 40
= 224 N.m
• Scalar analysis (moment at axis)
• Recall that the moment of a force about any point A is MA= F
dA where dA is the perpendicular (or shortest) distance from
the point to the force’s line of action. This concept can be
extended to find the moment of a force about an axis
i j k
MRO = (-400j + 300k) + (1k) x (-800k) + -0.15 0.1 1
- 249.6 166.4 0
F1
F2
F3
To find the equivalent set of
forces at A.
3
tan 36.87o
1
4
Rx Fx
400 N cos 180o 750 N cos 36.87 o 100 N cos 90o
200 N
Ry Fy
400 N sin 180o 750 N sin 36.87o 100 N sin 90o
550 N
Find the moments about point A.
Using the line of action for the force at B. The force can be
moved along the line of action until it reaches perpendicular
distance from A
uuur uur
M 1 FB d
100 N 360 mm
36000 N-mm
Find the moments about point A.
The force at O can be broken up into its two components in the x and
y direction
Using the line of action for each component, their moment contribution can
be determined.
Find the moments about point A.
Using the line of action for Fx component d is 160 mm.
uuur uuur
M 2 FOx d
600 N 160 mm
96000 N-mm
Fy component is 0 since in line with A.
uuur uuur
MB Mi
uuur uuur uuur
M1 M 2 M 3
r r r
36000 N-mm k 96000 N-mm k 0 N-mm k
r
132000 N-mm k
The final result is
R = 585 N at 70.0o
M = 132 Nm
M = 132 Nm