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  • Staad Length Parameters

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    Akhil VN
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    Ly and Lz refer to the unsupported lengths of a column in the local y and z axes, respectively. KY and KZ are the effective length factors used to calculate the effective lengths, Ley and Lez. The effective lengths consider the distance over which a column can buckle and are important parameters for calculating the slenderness ratio and designing compression members. The effective length factors depend on the rotational stiffness at the ends of the column, which is determined by the beam-column stiffness and end conditions.

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    Staad Length Parameters

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    Ly and Lz refer to the unsupported lengths of a column in the local y and z axes, respectively. KY and KZ are the effective length factors used to calculate the effective lengths, Ley and Lez. The effective lengths consider the distance over which a column can buckle and are important parameters for calculating the slenderness ratio and designing compression members. The effective length factors depend on the rotational stiffness at the ends of the column, which is determined by the beam-column stiffness and end conditions.

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    336 views2 pages

    Staad Length Parameters

    Uploaded by

    Akhil VN
    Ly and Lz refer to the unsupported lengths of a column in the local y and z axes, respectively. KY and KZ are the effective length factors used to calculate the effective lengths, Ley and Lez. The effective lengths consider the distance over which a column can buckle and are important parameters for calculating the slenderness ratio and designing compression members. The effective length factors depend on the rotational stiffness at the ends of the column, which is determined by the beam-column stiffness and end conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1.

    Ly : Unsupported Length in local Y axis – for a column modelled in STAAD it is Clear distance
    between beams parallel to local Z direction, the distance being Top of lower side element and bottom of
    upper element
    2. Lz : Unsupported Length in local Z axis – for a column modelled in STAAD it is Clear distance
    between beams parallel to local Y direction, the distance being Top of lower side element and bottom of
    upper element
    3. KY : Effective Length Factor for calculation of slenderness in Y axis
    4. KZ : Effective Length Factor for calculation of slenderness in Z axis
    5. Ley : Effective Length in Y Axis = KY x LY
    6. Lez : Effective Length in Z Axis = KZ x LZ
    Ley and Lez are the end results that matter the member most, which is multiplication of K and L in
    appropriate direction. They are design parameters required for design of elements and not used in
    analysis.
    These parameters are necessary to calculate the slenderness ratio of member, which is very important
    parameter for strength of compression members. Hence, these parameters are applicable to columns
    or beam-columns. Whether it is steel or concrete column, the purpose of these parameters is to
    appropriately consider the compression capacity of the element under design.
    Basically, effective length is the distance between two points between which the compression member
    buckle. For example, in case of column fixed at both ends, the buckling will occur between 0.7m length
    (portion near ends not buckled). In case of cantilever, the same is 2(two) as the first point is at fixed end
    and the second point is at imaginary end which is mirror from free end.
    Effective length factor for braced (non-sway) frame is less than unity. For un-braced (sway frame) frame
    it is greater than unity. To calculate the effective length factors one has to understand the buckling
    phenomena. The buckling of member depends on its rotational stiffness at each end. The rotational
    stiffness is calculated based on stiffness of column element and end condition of beam elements at
    column ends. The terms beta1 and beta2 represent the stiffness of beam column element at two ends
    of compression members. Buckling analysis an eigen value problem and difficult to solve manually and
    hence, Wood has suggested such simplified charts in early seventies.
    Hence, if you can calculate the rotational stiffness of joint at both ends, whether it is steel or concrete,
    effective lengths can be calculated. For a multi-storeyed steel structure having moment connections at
    floors, the calculation of effective length factors is very important and is being done. Also, for crane
    columns, the same is very important in case of heavier cranes as stepped column is a non prismatic
    member and its buckling behaviour is quite complex. According to my experience, the effective length
    factor of such crane columns in major axis is as high as 5.
    For concrete structures, Ley and Lez are required to calculate the type of column in particular direction
    and do needful for the slenderness effects in particular direction.
    <o> </o>
    In actual 3D models, the physical members are divided at many node points to form the geometry of the
    structures. The members between such nodes can be termed as analytical members. Usually, the
    programs do not identify the physical members unless they are defined using these parameters. ETABS
    and SAP do have some features, whereby it calculates the appropriate length in each direction. STAAD
    do have option of physical member modelling.
    For design of steel beams in STAAD, the factor UNL is unsupported length to calculate the bending stress
    (based on lateral torsional buckling) and shall not be confused with Ly or Lz which are used for
    calculation of compressive stresses.
    For more on the buckling and effective lengths, one may refer the paper published by Wood in the
    Structural engineer in seventies and book theory of elastic stability by Timoshenko.

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