Arduino

MINI PROJECT/SUMMER INTERNSHIP
REPORT
ON
Interfacing with the Arduino

Submitted for partial fulfilment of award of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
Degree
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
By
Arpit Sharma
Submitted to
Ms. Archana Agarwal
Ms. Pooja Pathak
INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD,
Dr APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW
MAY 2020
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List of Content:
▪ Arduino Introduction
▪ Arduino UNO Board
▪ Board Layout & Specifications
▪ Pulse Width Modulation
▪ I2C Communication Protocol
▪ Arduino Libraries
▪ Shield
▪ Advantages & Disadvantages
▪ Project Work
▪ References
▪ Certificate
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Arduino:
Figure 1 Arduino Company Logo
▪ Arduino is an open source hardware and Software company.

▪ Designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital device.
▪ The Arduino project started in 2005 as a tool for students in Italy, aiming to provide a
low-cost and easy way to create devices that interact with their environment using
sensors and actuators.
▪ Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple
robots, thermostats and motion detectors.
▪ It is widely used to make IoT devices.
Arduino UNO Board:
Figure 2 Arduino UNO Board
▪ The Arduino board contains microcontroller's I/O pins for use by other circuits.
▪ The current Uno provides:
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• 14 digital I/O pins
• 6 of which can produce pulse-width modulated signals
• 6 analog inputs, which can also be used as six digital I/O pins
▪ These pins are on the top of the board.
▪ They operate at 5V and have a maximum current draw of 40mA.
Board Layout: 7-12V DC
Figure 3 Arduino UNO Board Layout
Features:
• ATmega328 microcontroller
• Input Voltage between 7 - 12V
• 14 Digital Inputs of which 6 provide PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) Output
• 6 Analog Pins
• 40mA DC current per I/O pin
• 50mA DC current for 3.3V Pin
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• 32KB Flash Memory (0.5KB used by the bootloader)
• 2KB SRAM
• 1KB EEPROM
• 16MHz Clock Speed
▪ Arduino can’t supply Analog voltage directly but many actuators normally take
analog voltage input So Pulse Width modulated signal is used.
▪ For example, if we want to supply 2.5 Volts, but we can only give out zero and five
volts a square wave, zero volts at the bottom and then five volts at the top So what we
can do is just alternate between zero and five volts, very quickly. And if it's a 50%
duty cycle which means it is high half the time and low half the time, then averagely
perceived 2.5 Volts is sent.
▪ And now whether that works or not depends on the actuator. But if you make this
square wave go very quickly, have a high frequency and the actuator doesn't respond
quickly, this works.
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Figure 4 PWM Signal
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I2C Communication protocol
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Figure 5 I2C communication between Master & Slave
The Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus is a chip-level serial communications mechanism that
operates over just two wires, so data is transferred bit by bit along a single wire (the SDA
line).
SDA (Serial Data) – The line for the master and slave to send and receive data.
SCL (Serial Clock) – The line that carries the clock signal.
I2C is synchronous, so the output of bits is synchronized to the sampling of bits by a clock
signal shared between the master and the slave. The clock signal is always controlled by the
master.
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Arduino Libraries:
Just like most programming platforms, the Arduino environment can be extended through the
use of libraries.
Libraries provide extra functionality for working with hardware or manipulating data
Standard Libraries:
➢ EEPROM - reading and writing to "permanent" storage

➢ Ethernet - for connecting to the internet using the Arduino Ethernet Shield
➢ SD - for reading and writing SD cards
➢ Servo - for controlling servo motors
➢ Wire - Two Wire Interface (TWI/I2C) for sending and receiving data over a net of
devices or sensors.
Shield:
➢ Shields are boards that can be plugged on top of the Arduino PCB extending its
capabilities.
➢ The shield pins are inserted into the sockets located down both sides of the Arduino
board.
➢ Because the Arduino is an Open Source Hardware Design there is wide range of low-cost
shields available from multiple suppliers.
Ethernet Shield
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Wi-Fi Shield
Servo Motor Shield
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Advantages:
▪ Open source & Extensible Hardware & Software.
▪ Cross Platform
▪ ioT Development
▪ Simple Robotics Development
Disadvantages:
▪ Arduino uses C/C++ with a few small extensions of its own (misleadingly called
the "Arduino language" where it is really C++). The Arduino libraries are
optimized towards easy usage, but not computational efficiency.
▪ Lot of the libraries of Arduino are not optimized well and needs a lot of improvement.
▪ Not very affordable for making big projects.
▪ Although there has been some use of Arduino at commercial level still it is far from
competing to industrial hardware.
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[PROJECT] Smart home lighting: Simple Arduino mini project to control
led light using photoresistor:
Figure 6 Project Circuitry and Code
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[LINK] of working project:
Figure 7.1 Project Circuitry and Code
❑ Video Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VLA0i5Z9Td6zc3vfzsukq9WZd1Q_6nNI/view?usp
=sharing
❑ Tinkercad link:
https://www.tinkercad.com/things/5QzynVzHIlM-shiny-jofo-wluff/editel
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References:
❑ https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/
❑ https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-an-arduino/all
❑ https://www.coursera.org/learn/interface-with-arduino
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MOOC Certificate:
❑ https://www.coursera.org/account/accomplishments/verify/YS898DJHUU5S?utm_ca
mpaign=sharing_cta&utm_content=cert_image&utm_medium=certificate&utm_pro
duct=course&utm_source=link
Figure 8 Certificate
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THANK YOU!
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MINI PROJECT/SUMMER INTERNSHIP

Interfacing with the Arduino

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Ms. Archana Agarwal

Ms. Pooja Pathak

INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD,

Dr APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

Figure 1 Arduino Company Logo

▪ Arduino is an open source hardware and Software company.

Arduino UNO Board:

Figure 2 Arduino UNO Board

Board Layout: 7-12V DC

Figure 3 Arduino UNO Board Layout

➢ EEPROM - reading and writing to "permanent" storage

Servo Motor Shield

▪ Not very affordable for making big projects.

Figure 6 Project Circuitry and Code

Figure 7.1 Project Circuitry and Code

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