SOLAR POWER PLANT SYSTEM

A solar power plant is an arrangement of various solar components

including solar panel to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar
inverter to convert the electricity from DC to AC while also monitoring the
system, solar batteries and other solar accessories to set up a working system.

Solar power plant mainly are of three types ;

1. On Grid Power Plant
2. Off Grid Power Plant
3. Hybrid Power Plant
 1. On Grid Solar power plant :

On grid systems are solar PV system that only generate power when the
utility power grid is available. They must connect to the grid to perform
its function.

 The power generated in the daytime can be used instantly or sent to the
main grid.
 This type of solar system will automatically send excess power to the
grid when solar panels are overproducing.
 During a power outage, the exported power is drawn back from the
electricity grid.
 This can be helpful in lowering electricity bills .
 If electricity is goes off during no sunlight then it cannot be work.
 No backup .

Solar panels Inverter Excess energy

Net Metering
absorb sunlight and converts exports to the
converts into the measures energy
DC into AC uses and excess Grid
DC electricity .
. energy produced

HOME

ON GRID = SAVING + GRID EXPORT

2. OFF Grid power plant:

  Off grid solar power plant is a system with battery bank.
 It can store the energy generated by the system to be used for
future needs.
 Solar Batteries will ensure a non-stop power supply at
times when there is no sunlight.
 This system requires no utility grid to work on.
 The excess electricity will be stored in solar batteries
automatically. That means, there will be no power shortage in
the absence of sunlight.

Solar panels
Charge Inverter
converts
Controller converts HOME
sunlight into DC
DC into AC .
electricity .

Batteries are used

to store extra
charge for later
uses .

OFF GRID = SAVING + BACKUP

HYBRID Solar power plant :

  Hybrid Solar System is a combination of both above said solar
system. It uses a collection of solar batteries that can interact with
the main power grid.
 This system ensures a constant power supply while reducing your
electricity bill.
 Once solar batteries are fully charged the electricity then
automatically exported to the utility grid.


Net Metering
Solar panels measures charges GRID
converts Charge and exports to
sunlight into Controller the grid
Dc
Electricity .
Inverter
converts
DC into AC

Extra charges
stores into
batteries for
later use .
HOME

HYBRID SYSTEM = ON GRID + OFF GRID

Solar Modules :
 Solar modules, also referred to as solar panels or PV modules,
are an elementary component of photovoltaic systems. They have the
task to transform incident solar rays into electrical energy

TYPES :
 Mono-Crystalline Solar Panels
 Poly Crystalline Solar Panels
 Thin Film Solar Panels

Mono Crystalline Panels :

 Monocrystalline solar panels have black-

colored solar cells made of a single silicon
crystal, and they usually have a higher
efficiency. However, these panels often
come at a higher price.
 https://theinfopk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/image.png

Poly Crystalline Panels :

 Polycrystalline solar panels have blue-

colored cells made of multiple silicon
crystals melted together. These panels are
often a bit less efficient, but are more
affordable.
 https://theinfopk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/image-1.png
Thin Film Solar Panels :
 A thin-film solar panel is made up of one or more thin layers
of photovoltaic materials that are laid onto a substrate. These
thin layers with their multiple light absorbing layers can be
over 300 times smaller than a traditional silicon solar panel.
  https://theinfopk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/image-2.png

 60 Cells 72 cells
 Length 5.3 ft Length 6.4 ft
 Width 3.25 ft Width 3.25 ft

 Typical modules are rated between 250 to 500 watts .

 Higher watt modules not only usually have higher efficiency
ratings but require less modules to achieve your ideal energy
needs.
 Watts of solar modules are inversely relates to the efficiency of
modules .
 Efficiency of modules are depends upon spectrum and
intensity of the incident sunlight and the
temperature of the solar cell.
 Silicon solar cells are metallized with thin strips printed on front
and rear of a solar cell. These front and rear contact strips are
referred to as busbars. The purpose of busbars in solar cells is to
conduct the electric DC power generated by the cell when photons
hit the cells.

AREA CALCULATION :

OUTPUT AREA No of Modules Watts of Modules

1 KW 100 sq ft 03 335 watts
5 KW 500 sq ft 15 335 watts
1 MW 2.5 acres 3000 335 watts
5 MW 12.5 acres 15000 335 watts
RATES :

Solar Companies Watts Price

City ( mono solar panels ) 150 11,700
Sun Maxx (poly solar ) 250 19,500
Jinko ( poly solar panels ) 330 13,830
Jinko (mono) 320 17,000
SunEdison (mono solar panels ) 330 18,500
JA ( mono perc solar ) 465 36,250
Jinko ( mono ) 400 20,000
Jinko ( monocrystalline ) 500 22,000
Canadian ( mono perc solar ) 600 50,700

INVERTERS :

 Inverters intake DC power generated by solar panels and process that

energy by converting it into AC power .
 Inverters can be ON grid , OFF grid and hybrid
inverters .
 The most common operational types of inverters
are :

 String Inverter ( A string inverter system aggregates the power output of groups of solar
panels in your system into “strings”. Multiple strings of panels then connect to a single inverter )

 Micro Inverter (Microinverters are a type of solar inverter technology that are installed
at each individual panel.)
  Battery Based Inverter ( A hybrid inverter, otherwise known as a hybrid grid-
tied inverter or a battery-based inverter, combines two separate components–a solar
inverter and a battery inverter–into a single piece of equipment.)

RATES OF INVERTERS :

COMPANY WATTS TYPES PRICE

Aerox Plus 3.2kw On Grid 66,500
Aerox Plus 5.2kw On Grid 87,500
Solax 15kw On Grid 2,90,000
Solax 20kw On Grid 3,12,000
Solax 30kw On Grid 3,87,000
Chint 30kw On Grid 4,20,000
SMA 50kw On Grid 9,95,000
Nitrox 75kw On Grid 7,020,200
Nitrox 100kw On Grid 8,08,330
Chint 110kw On Grid 9,50,000
Tesla Axpert VM 3kw Off Grid 72,000
MAXPOWER Sunbridge 3kw Off Grid 87,000
Stabimatic MPPT 5kw Off Grid 72,000
MaxPower VM 5kw Off Grid 79,000
Inverex Nitrox 3kw Hybrid 1,39,000
MaxPower Sunpower 5kw Hybrid 78,000
Max Power Suntronic 10kw Hybrid 3,60,000
powMr MPPT 1Mw Hybrid 1 cr

Batteries :
 Batteries enable the ability to store solar power
for use at a later date.
 They are used within off-grid or hybrid solar
electric arrays, which require power to be used in
the case of lack of available sunlight (night time),
unstable power distribution from a utility company,
or lack of access to a utility supplier.

COMPANIES RATES SPECIFICATION

 RITAR AGM 35,000 12v , 100AH
FLOODED 27,000 12v, 100 AH
GEL 33,410 12v ,100 AH
LITHIUM ION 1,75,000 48v, 100AH

CHARGE CONTROLLERS :
 Charge Controllers work to regulate electrical
charge and they limit the rate at which electric
current is added to or withdrawn from the Batteries.
 They work to control voltage and watts from Solar
Panels; , preventing overcharging and protecting
against overvoltage - which can hinder and reduce
Battery performance or lifespan.
 There are three different types of solar charge controllers:
1. It has shunt transistors to control the voltage in one or two steps.
This controller basically just shorts the solar panel when a certain voltage
is arrived at.
2. PWM (Pulse Width Modulated): This is the traditional type charge
controller, for instance, anthrax, Blue Sky .
3. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers truly identify the
best working voltage and amperage of the solar panel exhibit and
match that with the electric cell bank.

CONTROLLERS PRICE SPECIFICATION

Solar Max MPPT 46,880 3KV , 2400watt , 48v
Invertex Aerox solar 1,30,000 5.2kv

Nitrox solar 8,08,030 100kw

NET METERING :
 Net metering in Pakistan is a billing mechanism that
credits solar energy system proprietors for the power they
add to the grid.
 LINKS
https://pakistanistores.com/

https://www.solaris-shop.com/

1MW SOLAR+ POWER

https://shopsy.pk/ PLANT
https://www.made-in-china.com/

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITIES RATES

Solar Modules 400w , Jinko(mono) 2500 20000 *2500 = 5 crore
Solar inverters 10kw 10 3,60,000*10 = 360,0000

1OMW SOLAR POWER PLANT

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITIES RATES
Solar Modules 400w , Jinko(mono) 25000 20000 *25000 = 50crore
Solar inverters 10kw 100 360000*100 = 3.6 cror
Solar Modules :

 Total lines are 13

 Each line have 16 strings
 Each string have 20 panels of 225watts
 So total no of modules are 20 *16 *13 = 4160
 one string having 20 modules generating 5kw
 16 strings of 320 modules generating 80kw
 13 lines each having 16 strings of 4160 modules
generating 1Mw

Module Watts Price SPECIFICATION

SUNMAXX 250 19,000 4 Bus Bar , 5 year
(poly) warranty , OSV 37v ,SCA
8.5v max
Risen 270 21,000 5 Bus Bar , 17.8% efficiency
(mono)

Combination Box :
 Combination box interlinks between solar module
and inverter
  Each of 13 lines of modules enters into one
combination box
 13 combination box will be used here
 Each combination box attain 80kw because 16
strings of 5kw enters into this .

Combination box specification price

ECB junction box 600v + link $308
Mc4 Combiner Box 600v +4-16 strings $125

INVERTER:
 Two inverters of 500kw are used

INVERTER RANGE PRICE SPECIFICATION

XYH solar inverter 20kw – 600kw $99,999 Link 1

https://xyhenergy.en.made-in-china.com/product/lFXacmYGaTUd/China-Solar-Hybrid-Inverter-Solar-on-off-Grid-Inverter-20kw-30kw-5
250kw-500kw-600kw.html

https://www.made-in-china.com/https://www.made-in-china.com/