J E

E
I
E C
International Journal of Electrical, Electronics ISSN No. (Online): 2277-2626
and Computer Engineering 3(1): 116-121(2014)

Comparison between Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Controlled

Three-Phase High Frequency Isolated DC–DC Converter
Jay Prakash Tiwari and Amol Barve
*M.Tech., Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Laxmi Narain College of Technology Bhopal, (MP)
**Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Laxmi Narayan College of Technology, Bhopal, (MP)
(Corresponding author Jay Prakash Tiwari)
(Received 05 April, 2014 Accepted 23 May, 2014)
ABSTRACT: The increasing diversity of applications such as industrial, telecommunications, transports,
aerospace, military, and the continuous demand for smaller, lighter, and more efficient high power supplies
have forced to draw attention towards high frequency isolated, three-phase DC–DC converter. The
proposed–DC converter can be used in applications which require very low voltage conversion ratio,
isolation, good regulation against load and line disturbances, and fast dynamic response. In this paper review
of modeling, control and design of high-frequency isolated three-phase DC–DC converter.
Key Terms—Line frequency isolated rectifiers, DC–DC converters, interleaved control techniques, pwm gate pulse
& Symmetrical and asymmetrical control methods.
applications. Special emphasis is placed on the latest
I. INTRODUCTION
discrete power MOSFET devices and packages.
There are many applications which demands high Features and trends in ICs for control of synchronous
power from power supply, but cannot be applied high buck converters are highlighted as well [7].
voltage due to the system requirements. These power Power losses of a bidirectional three-port DC–DC
supply employs in low, medium and high power converter to be used in hybrid electric systems as a
applications such as: power supply for microprocessor, function of the voltage conversion ratios and the output
telecommunication equipments, chemical electrolysis, power are evaluated in this work. An analysis and
DC Arc furnace, Graphitizing Furnace, Copper characterization of the current on the switches into the
refining, Plasma Torch, starting process of Aircraft, whole converter operating range a represented [8].
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and nuclear fusion The cascade connection of a low-ripple voltage
research of magnetic confinement approach [1-4]. doublers pre-regulator and a classical boost converter
Half-bridge topology maintains higher efficiency due to regulator is proposed to improve the efficiency of the
lower conduction losses. Soft switching permits higher full system due to the reduction in average currents of
switching frequency operation, reducing the size, all boost converters and the smaller duty cycle required
weight and cost of the magnetic components. for the conventional boost regulator.[9]
Interleaving of the two isolated converters is done using Power losses of a bidirectional three-port DC–DC
parallel input series output approach and phase-shifted converter to be used in hybrid electric systems as a
modulation is adopted. It reduces the input current function of the voltage conversion ratios and the output
ripple at the fuel cell input, which is required in a fuel power are evaluated in this work. An analysis and
cell system and also reduces the output voltage. [2]. characterization of the current on the switches into the
three-phase, power quality improvement converter whole converter operating range are presented 10].
configurations, control approaches, performance on The objective of this paper is to evaluate the
supply and load sides in terms of input power factor, performances of high frequency isolated three-phase
THD and well-regulated, reduced-rippled dc output, full bridge converter under symmetric and asymmetric
power rating, cost and selection for specific control techniques with pwm gate pulse and further, to
applications [6] in power semiconductor devices, investigate its suitability for applications require high
integrated circuits, and packages for DC/DC converter power at relatively low voltage.
 Tiwari and Barve 117
II. ISOLATED MULTI-PHASE DC–DC and mesh connected secondary are used to feed energy
CONVERTER: to load through multiphase output rectifiers.
Keeping in view of low voltage high current
Fig. 1 shows the basic power circuit of an isolated
applications, different types of rectifiers such as
multi-phase DC–DC converter. It consists of three
forward type, center-tap, bridge, current doubler and
stages: inverter stage, high frequency isolation and
tripler are considered. On the basis of secondary side
output rectifier stage. The power switches (S1 _ S2N)
load sharing, transformer design and thermal heat
in inverter stage may be practically realized by, either
dissipation, multi-phase, full diode bridge is selected
IGBT or MOSFET with body diode and parallel
for low voltage high.
connected RC snubber circuits. N units of single phase
high frequency transformer with star-connected primary

Fig. 1. Three-phase high frequency isolated DC–DC converter.

III. CONTROL TECHNIQUES in asymmetrical control duty ratio differs as shown in
Fig. 2. It is observed that gate signals for power
In this technique the output voltage with respect input
switches in different inverter legs are delayed by T/2 in
source voltage and load variations, width of gate signals
symmetrical control and complementary in
of power switches of 3 - , full bridge inverter are
asymmetrical control. The gating signals for power
varied. On the bases of duty cycle of switches, two
switches in different inverter legs are advanced or
control methods namely symmetric and asymmetric
delayed by T/N with respect to each leg to obtained
control are proposed as shown in Fig. 2. The duty ratio
three-phase balanced output voltages of Inverter
of the upper group power switches (S1, S3, S5) in
Bridge.
inverter legs is same as that of lower group of power
switches (S2, S4, S6,) in symmetrical control whereas

(a) (b)
Fig. 2. Control methods: (a) symmetrical. (b) Asymmetrical.
 Tiwari and Barve 118
Table 1. Comparison between Symmetric and Asymmetric Control Method.
Parameter Symmetric Control Asymmetric Control
Duty cycle control 0<D<0.5 0≤D≤1
Operating range Small wide
Thermal stress Better Poor
Diode voltage stress Vdc/2n Vdc/3n
Inductor current Io/3 Io/3
Implement device losses Small More
Size and weight Small Small

IV. DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATION nominal parameters as given in. The dc link voltage in
(SIMULATION MODEL) the simulation is equal to 230V rated value. A 750 W,
prototype model of proposed DC–DC converter is built
The simulation model shown in Fig. 3 with the
and tested at different operating conditions. Proposed
proposed control strategy has been simulated. For
simulation result under both control methods,
simulation purposes, software packages such as
performances of proposed converter have been
Matlab/Simulink and Advanced Continuous Simulation
investigated in view of low voltage high current
Language (ACSL) can be used. In this section,
applications. The Simulink model is shown in the figure
Simulink has been used to model the 3-φ high
below.
frequency dc-dc converter. The dc-dc converter has
been simulated with the pwm gate pulse using the

Fig. 3. Three-phase high frequency isolated DC–DC converter.

A. Symmetrical control PWM method B. Asymmetrical control PWM method
In this method using symmetrical control pwm give the In this method using Asymmetrical control pwm give
better output result of dc-dc converter. in case of the poor output result of dc-dc converter. in case of
operating range are very small as compare to operating range are very wide as compare to
asymmetrical control technique. The output result symmetrical control technique. The output result shown
shown in the Fig. 4. in the Fig. 5.
 Tiwari and Barve 119

Fig. 4. Symmetrical control PWM.

Fig. 5. Asymmetrical control PWM.

 Tiwari and Barve 120
C. Design of output filter effective output ripple frequency is increased without
in this method using pwm gate pulse with 3- dc-dc increasing switching frequency of power switches.
converter In order to reduce output ripple, a three-phase there output voltage and current will improve.
interleave technique has been employed. In this scheme

Fig. 6. Output voltage and current.

V. CONCLUSIONS [2]. Wallace Ian, Bendre Ashish, Nord Jonathan P,

Venkataramanan Giri. A unitypower-factor three-phase
In view of major challenges associated with line
PWM SCR rectifier for high-power applications in the
frequency isolated converters for high power
metal industry. IEEE Trans Ind Appl., 2002; 38(4):898–
application at very low voltage, a high frequency
908.
isolated three-phase DC–DC converter is suggested to
[3]. Maurya R, Agarwal P, Srivastava SP. Performance
reduce size, weight and improved dynamic response.
investigation of multi-pulse converter for low voltage
Proposed simulation results obtained under symmetrical
high current applications. IEEE Int Conf Comput Sci
and asymmetrical control methods, it is concluded that
Autom Eng (CSAE) 2011; 1: 211–6.
under symmetrical control method, all the power
[4]. Jorgensen HE, Jyllinge Danfysik, Bordry F,
switches conduct uniformly unlike to asymmetrical
Dupaquier A, Fernqvist G. High current, low voltage
control and hence uniform heat distribution is achieved
power converter [20kA, 6V] LHC converter prototype.
with symmetrical control. On the other hand
[5]. Akshay K. Rathore “Interleaved soft-switched
implementation of asymmetrical technique requires
active-clamped L–L type current-fed half-bridge DC–
dead band circuits whereas in
DC converter for fuel cell applications” International
Symmetrical control, it is absent. And pwm gate pulse
journal of hydrogen energy, 34 (2009) 9802 – 9815
connected with dc-dc conveter gives the better output
[6]. Abdul Hamid Bhat , Pramod Agarwal “Three-
result of voltage and current.
phase, power quality improvement ac/dc converters”
REFERENCES Electric Power Systems Research, 78 (2008) 276–289.
[7]. Dan Kinzer “Advanced power semiconductors and
[1]. Siebert Anthony, Troedson Anders, Ebner Stephan. ICs for DC/DC converter applications”Microelectronics
AC to DC power conversion now and in the future. Journal 35 (2004) 225–233.
IEEE Trans Ind Appl 2002; 38(4):934–40.
 Tiwari and Barve 121
[8]. Laureano Piris-Botalla , Germán G. Oggier, Improvement” Electric Power Systems Research,
Andrés M. Airabella, Guillermo O. García “Power 81(2011) 2048– 2055
losses evaluation of a bidirectional three-port DC–DC [10]. Power losses evaluation of a bidirectional three-
converter for hybrid electric system” Electrical Power port DC–DC converter for hybrid electric system
and Energy Systems, 58(2014) 1–8. Laureano Piris-Botalla, Germán G. Oggier, Andrés M.
[9]. C.A. Ramos-Pajaa, , E. Arangoa, R. Giral b, A.J. Airabella, Guillermo O. García Electrical Power and
Saavedra-Montesa, C. Carrejoc“DC/DC pre-regulator Energy Systems, 58(2014) 1–8.
for input current ripple reduction and efficiency