International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Vol. 9, No. 2, April 2019, pp. 909~916

ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp909-916  909

Simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector

modulation

K. Selvakumar, R. Palanisamy, Arul Rayappan Stalin, P. Gopi, P. Ponselvin, K. Saravanan

Department of EEE, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: This paper illustrates the simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using Space
Vector Modulation (SVM). Variable AC output voltage engendered using
Received Jul 10, 2018 matrix converter with bidirectional power switches controlled by appropriate
Revised Oct 29, 2018 switching pulse. The conventional PWM converter engenders switching
Accepted Nov 27, 2018 common mode voltage across the load system terminals, which cause to
common mode current and its leads to bearing failure in load drive.
These problems can be rectified using SVM and which minimize the effect
Keywords: on the harmonic fluctuation in AC output voltage and stress on the power
switch is reduced using bidirectional switch for proposed 3-phase matrix
AC motor drive converter. The simulation results have been presented to validate the
Common mode voltage (CMV) proposed system using matlab / simulink.
DSP controller
Matrix converter
Space vector modulation
(SVPWM)
Copyright © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.

Corresponding Author:
R. Palanisamy,
Department of EEE,
SRM Institute of Science and Technology,
Kattankulathur, Chennai, India.
Email: krsplanai@gmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays power electronic converters are arranged in various uses such as industrial, medical,
power system applications, energy transportation, and railway applications. Optimization of power electronic
converter devise and operation is important to improve power processing level to meet the demand and to
develop the quality of power [1]. Among that inverter are extensively used in numerous applications in which
the essential voltage is AC always in nature [2], [3]. Even though most of drives required DC source to
operate in four quadrants, so rectifier prepared to generate DC voltage [4]. Basically for converting AC-AC,
the conventional converters cyclo converter and ac voltage controller utilised, but these converter not able to
provide control on frequency and voltage with reduced harmonics and controlled output AC current [5].
The matrix converter is a to convert AC-AC source with minimized ripple content [6]. It has merit
over conventional rectifier - inverter power frequency combination, with reduced higher order harmonics and
no lower harmonics [7]. The matrix converter has main features are input AC source is fully controlled,
bidirectional energy flow capability, input power factor can be controlled, exclusion of dc link filters and
power devices can be used with zero switching due to that power loss is minimised [8-9]. The main
disadvantage of matrix converter is require more power semiconductor devices compare to traditional
rectifier-inverter pair [10].
Pulse width modulation (PWM) is generally used switching strategy to maintain voltage amplitude
and frequency and fast dynamic response. Due to these conventional PWM methods, the circulating current
in the converter system starts increase [11], [12]. Common mode voltage (CMV) of the converter also
increases; it leads to failure of motor bearings and increase in electromagnetic interference problems.

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910  ISSN: 2088-8708

For eradicate these problems the additional filter components are added, which diminish the power density
and increase initial cost of the system [13], [14]. For several applications the multilevel converters are used to
decrease the CMV issue, at same time complexity increases in PWM switching pulse generation. Due to this
motive, the sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector modulation are employed to minimize the
losses and easy to implement. THD of converter decided by switching frequency of the power devices and
maximum power transfer level depends on the nature characteristics of the controller [15].
Single/ three phase IM widely used in home and industrial applications especially at low power
ranges (below 2.5 kW). These type of motors used in variable speed applications, so it requires variable
voltage which can be obtained through matrix converter. For this type of applications, inverter used with
symmetric voltage magnitude and frequency and needs of large dc link capacitors and rectifier circuit.
But matrix converter act as a direct ac-ac converter, which has sinusoidal input current and adjustable output
voltage and frequency.
This projected work elucidates performance of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector pulse
width modulation to control operation of three phase induction motor. It minimizes the effect on the
harmonic fluctuation in AC output voltage and stress on the power switch is reduced.

2. THREE PHASE MATRIX CONVERTER

2.1. Structure
The matrix converter includes 9 bidirectional switches, which allows any output phase voltage is
connected to any input phase voltage. The input 3 phase terminal voltage is connected with three phase
bidirectional switch that reduction in harmonic fluctuation. DC link filters are capacitive filter and inductive
filter are eradicated, due to that cost of system is decrease. 3-phase matrix converter is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Three-phase matrix converter

2.2. Operation of matrix converter

The applied input instantaneous power will not be equal to output power. The difference between
these input and output power should be absorbed or distributed by an energy storage devices like capacitor or
inductor within the converter system. But matrix converter has single stage conversion unit with help of
bidirectional switches instead of using multistage conversion and energy storage devices in the converter.
Matrix converter with bidirectional switch is shown in Figure 2. Due to the absence of energy storage
devices, the instantaneous input power is equal to output power with ideal zero loss switches. The system
consists of 9 bidirectional switches, which are connected as three groups. Each group contains 3 switches and
each bidirectional switch is connected with both input voltage and output voltage.
Totally operation of 3 phase matrix converter has 27 permitted switching modes, in that 18 active
vector modes, 3 zero vector modes, 3 normal vector modes and 3 inverse vector modes. In Figure 3
illustrates, a, b, c are input voltages for bi-directional switches and A, B, C are output voltages of matrix

Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 2, April 2019 : 909 - 916
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converter. Here all input phase voltages are connected to output phase voltage. And these bidirectional
switches are switched ON rotational basis, which avoids switching of 2 switches in a same leg.

Figure 2. Matrix converter with bi-directional switch

Figure 3. Matrix converter – zero vector modes

In Figure 3 shows zero vector modes of 3 phase matrix converter and in that all output phases are
connected in single input phase, which leads to damage the system because 3 phase load is connected with 1
phase input. The normal active vector and opposite vector modes are applicable for forward and reverse
operation of induction motor.

3. SPACE VECTOR MODULATION (SVM)

SVM is a switching control method for the power electronic switches which recognize the switching
sequences by assignment of a switching vector in d-q space region [16]. It is enhanced at harmonic content
level diminution and increasing output voltage amplitude as contrast to traditional SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse
Width Modulation), which is generally used. It diminishes the common mode voltage which is the difference
between vector sum of the voltage level potential at power converter system output and ground point [17].
The voltage across proposed matrix converter has minimised voltage fluctuation and reduced harmonic input
current source. Space vector representation for 3-phase power converter is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Space vector representation for 3-phase power converter

Simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector modulation (K.Selvakumar)
912  ISSN: 2088-8708

Figure 5. Flowchart for switching pulse generation using SVPWM method

For determining the switching state vectors of matrix converter, the space vector illustration is
divided into The following steps are used to generate the gating pulses for bi-directional switches of matrix
converter. The folwchart is shown in Figure 5, in that X & Y parameters used to find the sector identification,
P1 & P2 are used to identify the triangle for reference vector calculation.The steps are,
a. Sector identification for reference vector placed based on magnitude and angle calculation
b. Triangle identification in the sector region
c. Switching vector calcuation
d. Switching pulse generation for bi-directional switches placed in matrix converter.
e. Obtained variable output voltage and current with reduced harmonic level of 0.31% & 0.34%
respectively.
f. Voltage stress across bi-directional switch is controlled with help of SVM technique.

4. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The simulation of the projected system was designed in Matlab/simulink16a. Three phase matrix
converter connected with an input voltage of 230V. Fixed three phase voltage converted into variable voltage
and variable frequency through smart technology matrix converter with help of bi-directional switches.
In Figure 6 shows 3-phase output voltage of matrix converter with 219V is converted from fixed
three phase input voltage of 230V is shown in Figure 7. And three output current of 13.7A, which is exposed
in Figure 8. Harmonic content & voltage stress of proposed system is minimised with bi-directional switches,
harmonic analysis for variable 3-phase output voltage of 0.31% and for 3-phase output current of 0.34% is
shown in Figure 9 & Figure 10 respectively.

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Figure 6. 3 phase variable output voltage of matrix converter

Figure 7. 3 phase input voltage of matrix converter

Figure 8. 3 phase output current of matrix converter

Simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector modulation (K.Selvakumar)

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Figure 9. THD analysis for variable output voltage

Figure 10. THD analysis for output current

In Figure 11 shows the comparison between applied 3-phase input voltage and 3-phase output
voltage. In Figure 12 shows input current of matrix converter, which contains more fluctuation. Ageing factor
of power converter depends on voltage stress on the power switches, Figure 13 shows voltage stress across
all the bi-directional switches placed in proposed converter. Basically any PWM technique output of all
phases are in the form pulses wave, so CMV consists of high switching frequency voltage pulses wave of
assured magnitude which emerges between with phase and the ground point.

Figure 11. Comparison between input voltage & output voltage

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Figure 12. Input current of matrix converter with 3-phase IM drive

Figure 13. Voltage stress across bi-directional switches (S11, S12, S13, S21, S22, S23, S31, S32, S33)

5. CONCLUSION
This work described about simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector modulation.
Matrix converter designed to produce variable voltage and variable frequency with help of filtered input
voltage and due to that current harmonics also minimised in the projected system. Voltage across the bi-
directional switches and common mode voltage is reduced with assist of SPWM switching pulse generator.
The proposed scheme was simulated using matlab/simulink. The following qualities are premeditated from
this proposed system.

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Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 2, April 2019 : 909 - 916