Green Generation B - Green Generation - Dick Smith Memorial - 12-11-2021

Instructions (shown before students start the test)

Please read each question carefully as some of the questions give specific instructions that could result in a loss of points if the directions are not followed. Good luck!

Introduction (shown after students start the test)

1. (1.00 pts) What is the standard way of measuring ozone? (Measuring the columnar density of a trace gas in the atmosphere)

A) Bubnoff unit

B) Ppt

C) Dobson unit

D) A Snowden

E) Gilbert Unit

2. (1.00 pts)
The clean air act of 1990 instilled the acid rain program, which aimed to reduce emissions from fossil fuel burning power plants by 50%. Which of the following was not a compliance
strategy presented to power plants.

A) Retiring old units

B) Reducing annual hours of plant utilization

C) Installation of new/existing gas stack scrubbing technologies

D) Credit for switching to nuclear power

E) Bulk power purchases from other utilities

3. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is not an anthropogenic source of air pollution?

A) Stationary sources

B) Waste deposition

C) Mobile sources
 D) Waste deposition

E) Volcanic activity

4. (1.00 pts)
INES (the international nuclear and radiological event scale) is a logarithmic scale to describe the magnitude of nuclear disasters/accidents. What two events were the only events to
reach the highest level of 7?

A) Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi

B) Kyshtym disaster and Chernobyl

C) 3-mile island incident and SL-1 experimental power station meltdown

D) Fukushima Daiichi and Golania accident

E) SL-1 experimental power station meltdown, and Kyshtym.

5. (1.00 pts) A direct threat of climate change to marine habitat is?

A) UV radiation from ozone depletion

B) Decreased salinity of water

C) Rising sea levels

D) Spread of tropical diseases

E) Increase in carbon storage in oceans

6. (1.00 pts) Natural capital include all of the following except?

A) Air

B) Water

C) Soil

D) Nutrients

E) Solar energy

7. (1.00 pts) Since 1980, how much has the average global temperature risen?

A) 0.5 degree C

B) 1 degree C

C) 1.5 degree C

D) 2 degree C

E) 2.5 degree C

8. (1.00 pts) "Clean" or "Unpolluted" rain has ph level of what?

A) Between 4.4 and 5.7

B) Between 5.7 and 7

C) Equal to 7

D) Between 7 and 8.3

 E) None of the above

9. (1.00 pts) A water system with between 1% -30% concentrations of dissolved oxygen is called what?

A) Anoxic

B) Hypoxic

C) Exaerobic

D) Anaerobic

E) None of the above

10. (1.00 pts) Beavers are known for building dams, what type of dam does a beaver generally guild?

A) Embankment

B) Buttress

C) Arch

D) Gravity

E) Diversion

11. (1.00 pts) Overfishing can result in all but what?

A) Resource depletion

B) Reduced biological growth rates

C) Low biomass levels

D) Extinction

E) Economical mitigation

12. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is noit a primary air pollutant created by human activity?

A) Particulates

B) Volatile Organic Compounds

C) Ground Level Ozone

D) Peroxyacetyl Nitrate

E) None of the above

13. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is not a waste stream resulting from nuclear power?

A) Trailing and waste rock at uranium mines and mills

B) Releases of small amounts of radioactive isotopes during reactor operation

C) Impingement and entrainment of aquatic life during the water intake phase

D) Releases of large quantities of dangerous radioactive materials during accidents

E) Spent nuclear fuel at the reactor site

14. (1.00 pts) What plant species are most vulnerable to climate change?

A) Species with long life cycles/slow dispersals

B) Invasive/alien plant species

C) "sink" plant communities that specialize in absorbing carbon

D) Marine and Aquatic plants

E) None of the above

15. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is an effect that could water will have on a lobster from the New England area?

A) Increase in shell disease

B) Physiological stress from demand for dissolved oxygen exceeding its supply

C) Migration towards higher latitudes

D) More energy is used for respiration, leaving less energy for feeding, breeding, and growth

E) None of the above

16. (1.00 pts)

The point at which there is an abrupt change in an ecosystem quality, property, or where small changes in one or more external conditions produce large and persistent responses in
an ecosystem is known as?

A) Range shift

B) Ecological threshold

C) A life-cycle event

D) A food web collapse

E) None of the above

17. (1.00 pts)

The greenhouse effect is where the suns atmosphere captures energy coming from the sun. Which of the following is not a form of energy involved in the greenhouse effect?

A) Visible light

B) Ultraviolet light

C) Near infrared radiation

D) Far infrared radiation

E) None of the above

18. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is a secondary carnivore

A) A bird

B) A snake

C) A mountain lion

D) A hawk

E) All of the above

19. (1.00 pts) What kind of food web is this?

 A) Source web

B) Sink web

C) Community web

D) Energy flow web

E) Functional web

20. (1.00 pts)

The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter is called?

A) Ecological recycling

B) Decomposition

C) Bio-recycling

D) Nutrient cycling

E) None of the above

21. (1.00 pts) What type of water has above 5 grams per liter concentration of salt?

A) Brine

B) Fresh water

C) Brackish water

D) Saline water

E) None of the above

22. (1.00 pts) In what type of estuary does the riverine and oceanic water flow close to the surface and towards land?

A) Salt wedge

B) Partially mixed

C) Vertically homogenous

D) Inverse

E) Intermittent

23. (1.00 pts) What is the name of the coastal zone that New Your City is located in?

A) Virginian

B) Acadian

C) Columbian

D) Carolinian

E) West Indian

24. (1.00 pts) Which of these is not a defining characteristic of estuaries?

A) Salinity
 B) Concentration of marine life

C) Sediment load

D) Concentration of dissolved oxygen

E) None of the above

25. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is not a type of bog?

A) Mooring bog

B) Valley bog

C) Raised bog

D) Blanket bog

E) Quaking bog

26. (1.00 pts) Soil or vegetation that receives all its water from precipitation is referred to as

A) Minerotrophic

B) Ombrotrophic

C) Epiphytic

D) Hydro logically isolated

E) None of the above

27. (1.00 pts) What is the largest lake in the world?

A) Lake Victoria

B) Lake Superior

C) Lake Huron

D) Lake Tanganyika

E) The Caspian sea

28. (1.00 pts) pH is lowest (Most acidic) in a lake when?

A) At night

B) Late afternoon/early evening

C) During the day

D) In the morning

E) None of the above

29. (1.00 pts) Which is not a main category of pollution?

A) Chemical

B) Industrial

C) Commercial

D) Environmental
 E) Residential

30. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is not a factor of Species Distribution?

A) Extinction

B) Variation in sea levels

C) River Capture

D) Glaciation

E) Tectonic activity

31. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is not a part of the Nitrogen Cycle?

A) Ammonification

B) Nitrification

C) Decomposition

D) Fixation

E) Denitrification

32. (1.00 pts) An area that is saturated at least part of the year by surface or groundwater and contains vegetation is what?

A) Wetland

B) Fen

C) Marsh

D) Bog

E) Swamp

33. (1.00 pts)

Stoneflies live most of their lives as nymphs, but in high concentrations of dissolved oxygen they turn into stoneflies. What is the term for the stoneflies in reference to dissolved
oxygen?

A) Keystone species

B) Management indicator species

C) Indicator species

D) Dominant species

E) Pollution indicator species

34. (1.00 pts) Algal blooms can lead to the death of may species, but the deaths of those species do not benefit the algae. What term best describes the relationship of the two?

A) Commensalism

B) Paratism

C) Ammensalism

D) Predation

E) None of the above

35. (1.00 pts) What is the deepest part of the ocean called?

A) Abyssopelagic Zone

B) Bathypelagic Zone

C) Mesopelagic Zone

D) Hadalpelagic Zone

E) Epipelagic Zone

36. (1.00 pts) What is the top layer of the ocean called?

A) Abyssopelagic Zone

B) Bathypelagic Zone

C) Mesopelagic ZOne

D) Hadalpelagic Zone

E) Epipelagic Zone

37. (1.00 pts)

How many autotrophs are in this food web?

A) 5

B) 4

C) 3

D) 2

E) 1

38. (1.00 pts)

The longest food chain in this food web contains how many consumers?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

39. (1.00 pts)

If there were a total of 10,000 trees, shrubs, grass, and fungi, approximately how many grasshoppers would there be?

A) 1,000

B) 500

C) 250

D) 100

E) 10
40. (1.00 pts)

What is the greatest cause of a species becoming endangered?

A) Predation

B) Unregulated or illegal killing

C) Competition

D) Habitat loss

E) Pollution

41. (1.00 pts) Composting is most closely related to:

A) Nutrient cycling

B) Natural service

C) Reusing

42. (1.00 pts) Gasoline is produced by refining which fossil fuel?

A) Oil

B) Natural gas

C) Propane

D) Coal

43. (1.00 pts)

What is the letter H on this diagram?

A) Pump

B) Generator

C) Transformer

D) Turbine

E) Cooling water condenser

44. (1.00 pts)

What is the letter L on this diagram?

A) Reactor

B) Steam generator

C) Transformer

D) Turbine

E) Pump

45. (1.00 pts)

What is the letter d on this diagram?

 A) Containment structure

B) Steam generator

C) Steam line

D) Cooling water condenser

E) Generator

46. (1.00 pts)

What is the letter C on this diagram?

A) Containment structure

B) Cooling tower

C) Generator

D) Pump

E) Reactor

47. (1.00 pts) What is a disadvantage to bioremediation?

A) Perceived public opinion

B) Timetable for decontamination

C) Cost and equipment requirements to employ

D) Interference with other remediation strategies

E) None of the above

48. (1.00 pts) What is the chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria, fungi, or other biological means?

A) Compostable

B) Bioremediation

C) Biodegradation

D) Anaerobic digestion

E) None of the above

49. (1.00 pts) What is not a pillar of sustainability?

A) Social development

B) Economy development

C) Environment protection

D) Technological development

E) None of the above

50. (1.00 pts)

Historically there has been an inverse relationship between what two things?
 A) technological advancement and ecological advancement

B) Deforestation and ozone depletion

C) Environmental degradation and economic growth

D) Sustainability practices and loss of human polulation

E) Global warming and number of extinct species

51. (1.00 pts) What is the primary difference between a freshwater and a marine ecosystem?

A) Temperature

B) Salinity

C) Biological Oxygen Demand

D) Turbidity

52. (1.00 pts) Fixation is a key part of which ecological process?

A) Carbon cycle

B) Phosphorus cycle

C) Nitrogen cycle

D) Sulfur cycle

53. (1.00 pts) Lichens are a good indicator species. What can the type of lichen present in an environment indicate?

A) Amount of air pollution

B) Soil quality

C) Alkalinity

D) Moisture

54. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is NOT a name that can refer to an estuary?

A) Bay

B) Inlet

C) Cove

D) Shelf

55. (1.00 pts)

In this food web, what do birds act as?

A) Producers

B) Primary Consumers

C) Secondary Consumers

D) Both a and c

E) Both b and c
56. (1.00 pts) An ecological interaction in which one species is helped, while the other is neither helped nor hut is called what?

A) Mutualism

B) Commensalism

C) Parasitism

D) Competition

57. (1.00 pts) A species that has an unusually important role in the structure of an ecological community is known as what?

A) Keystone species

B) Foundation species

C) Founder species

D) Indicator species

58. (1.00 pts) Estuaries are characterized by brackish water, which is saltier than freshwater, but not as salty as seawater.

True False

59. (1.00 pts) Brackish water has a salinity of about _____ %.

60. (1.00 pts)

Which greenhouse gas is the main gas responsible for ozone depletion?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Methane

C) Nitrous oxide

D) Chlorofluorocarbon

E) Kryptonite

61. (1.00 pts) __________ is, generally, the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. (Do not use capital letters)

62. (1.00 pts) The liquid that results after passing through a landfill, which contains dissolved and suspended materials, is referred to as __________. (Do not use capital letters)

63. (1.00 pts) Hypoxia refers to a lack of __________ in the water. (Do not use capital letters).
64. (1.00 pts) __________ can be limited by clouds. (Do not use capital letters)

65. (1.00 pts) __________ energy is often generated offshore. (Do not use capital letters)

66. (1.00 pts) __________ energy is the most common renewable energy source in the US today. (Do not use capital letters)

67. (1.00 pts) __________ energy is common near boundaries between tectonic plates. (Do not use capital letters)

68. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is an example of pollution prevention?

A) Remediating oil spills immediately after they happen

B) Using pump and treat for contamination

C) Making a company pay a large fine for polluting a river

D) Collecting old paint, pesticides, toxic materials and heavy metals for safe disposal before they are thrown into a landfill.

69. (1.00 pts) Sustainability strategies include:

A) minimizing energy consumption

B) using alternative energy sources

C) reducing, reusing and recycling

D) developing green technology and chemistry

E) a and b above

F) all of the above

70. (1.00 pts) What remediation technique is most commonly used for contaminated groundwater?

A) Dredging

B) Bioremediation

C) Pump and treat

D) Stabilization

71. (5.00 pts)

What is the total percentage of incoming solar radiation reflected back by clouds, atmosphere and Earth's surface? (Do not include a percentage sign)
72. (5.00 pts)

What is the percentage of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's surface? (Do not include a percentage sign)

73. (5.00 pts)

What is the percentage of incoming radiation absorbed in the Earth's atmosphere? (Do not include a percentage sign)

74. (5.00 pts)

The shallow western basin of Lake Erie is the location of annual algae blooms. Name five of the causes.

75. (5.00 pts)

The graph shows spikes in salinity concentration in Pennsylvania lakes by month. What is a possible cause of these spikes?

76. (5.00 pts)

What is the name for the "structure" resulting from the accumulation of debris that occurs because of the events on this map?

Hope you enjoyed this test! Good luck with the rest of the year!
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