Unit :1

EST

Certainly! I’ll provide a set of 20 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to environmental

studies. These questions cover various topics and levels of difficulty. Feel free to use them for
practice or study. Here we go

1. Basic components of the environment are:

o a) Atmosphere
o b) Hydrosphere
o c) Lithosphere
o d) Biosphere
o Answer: e) All of the above 1
2. Main cause of desertification is:
o a) Global Warming
o b) Fuels
o c) Deforestation
o d) Fire
o Answer: c) Deforestation 1
3. The process by which green plants produce energy for all living organisms,
including humans:
o a) Photosynthesis
o b) Respiration
o c) Transpiration
o d) Anaerobic Respiration
o Answer: a) Photosynthesis 1
4. Green plants are called the ______________ of an ecosystem.
o a) Producers
o b) Autotrophic components
o c) Both a & b
o d) None of the above
o Answer: c) Both a & b 1
5. An area declared by state legislation to protect wildlife is known as:
o a) Forests
o b) Wildlife sanctuary
o c) Museum
o d) None of the above
o Answer: b) Wildlife sanctuary 1
6. Percentage of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere:
o a) 0.03%
o b) 0.04%
 o c) 0.05%
o d) 0.01%
o Answer: b) 0.04% 1
7. The chemical compound responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer:
o a) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
o b) Carbon dioxide
o c) Sulphur
o d) Nitrogen
o Answer: a) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 1
8. Groups of biotic components in an ecosystem:
o a) Producer
o b) Consumer
o c) Decomposer
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above 1
9. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
o a) Natural Gas
o b) Crude oil
o c) Coal Products
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above 1
10. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?
o a) Petroleum products
o b) Lignite
o c) Non-renewable waste
o d) Wood
o Answer: d) Wood 1
11. Basic components of the environment are:
o a) Atmosphere
o b) Hydrosphere
o c) Lithosphere
o d) Biosphere
o Answer: e) All of the above 1
12. Main cause of desertification is:
o a) Global Warming
o b) Fuels
o c) Deforestation
o d) Fire
o Answer: c) Deforestation 1
13. The process by which green plants produce energy for all living organisms,
including humans:
o a) Photosynthesis
o b) Respiration
o c) Transpiration
o d) Anaerobic Respiration
o Answer: a) Photosynthesis 1
14. Green plants are called the ______________ of an ecosystem.
o a) Producers
o b) Autotrophic components
o c) Both a & b
o d) None of the above
o Answer: c) Both a & b 1
15. An area declared by state legislation to protect wildlife is known as:
o a) Forests
o b) Wildlife sanctuary
o c) Museum
o d) None of the above
o Answer: b) Wildlife sanctuary 1
16. Percentage of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere:
o a) 0.03%
o b) 0.04%
o c) 0.05%
o d) 0.01%
o Answer: b) 0.04% 1
17. The chemical compound responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer:
o a) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
o b) Carbon dioxide
o c) Sulphur
o d) Nitrogen
o Answer: a) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 1
18. Groups of biotic components in an ecosystem:
o a) Producer
o b) Consumer
o c) Decomposer
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above 1
19. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
o a) Natural Gas
o b) Crude oil
o c) Coal Products
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above 1
20. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?
o a) Petroleum products
o b) Lignite
o c) Non-renewable waste
o d) Wood
o Answer: d) Wood 1
21. Which gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect?
o a) Oxygen
o b) Nitrogen
o c) Carbon dioxide
o d) Helium
o Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
22. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?
o a) Sunlight
o b) Geothermal heat
o c) Fossil fuels
o d) Wind
o Answer: a) Sunlight
23. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
o a) Coal
o b) Natural gas
o c) Solar power
o d) Nuclear energy
o Answer: c) Solar power
24. The process by which water vapor changes into liquid water is called:
o a) Condensation
o b) Evaporation
o c) Precipitation
o d) Transpiration
o Answer: a) Condensation
25. Which layer of the Earth’s atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
o a) Troposphere
o b) Stratosphere
o c) Mesosphere
o d) Thermosphere
o Answer: b) Stratosphere
26. What is the main cause of soil erosion?
o a) Deforestation
o b) Volcanic activity
o c) Earthquakes
o d) Urbanization
o Answer: a) Deforestation
27. Which gas is produced during the process of respiration?
o a) Oxygen
o b) Carbon dioxide
o c) Nitrogen
o d) Hydrogen
o Answer: b) Carbon dioxide
28. What is the term for the gradual increase in the Earth’s average temperature due to
human activities?
o a) Global cooling
o b) Climate change
 o c) Ice age
o d) Greenhouse effect
o Answer: b) Climate change
29. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
o a) Wind energy
o b) Biomass
o c) Natural gas
o d) Geothermal energy
o Answer: c) Natural gas
30. What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
o a) Produce food through photosynthesis
o b) Break down dead organic matter
o c) Convert sunlight into energy
o d) Regulate the water cycle
o Answer: b) Break down dead organic matter
31. Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas?
o a) Oxygen
o b) Nitrogen
o c) Methane
o d) Argon
o Answer: c) Methane
32. What is the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere?
o a) Condensation
o b) Evaporation
o c) Transpiration
o d) Precipitation
o Answer: c) Transpiration
33. Which layer of the Earth’s atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
o a) Troposphere
o b) Stratosphere
o c) Mesosphere
o d) Thermosphere
o Answer: b) Stratosphere
34. What is the term for the gradual wearing away of rocks and soil by wind, water, or
ice?
o a) Erosion
o b) Weathering
o c) Deposition
o d) Sedimentation
o Answer: a) Erosion
35. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
o a) Natural gas
o b) Coal
o c) Wind energy
o d) Petroleum
o Answer: c) Wind energy
 36. What is the primary function of wetlands in an ecosystem?
o a) Absorbing excess carbon dioxide
o b) Providing habitat for aquatic organisms
o c) Generating electricity
o d) Preventing soil erosion
o Answer: b) Providing habitat for aquatic organisms

37. Which of the following is an example of point source pollution?

o a) Agricultural runoff
o b) Air pollution from vehicles
o c) Factory discharge into a river
o d) Soil erosion
o Answer: c) Factory discharge into a river

Certainly! Here are 100 multiple-choice questions on various aspects of environmental studies,
specifically focusing on the environment:

General Environmental Concepts

1. What is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?

o A) Geothermal Energy
o B) Nuclear Energy
o C) Solar Energy
o D) Wind Energy

Answer: C) Solar Energy

2. Which layer of the Earth’s atmosphere is closest to the surface?

o A) Stratosphere
o B) Mesosphere
o C) Thermosphere
o D) Troposphere

Answer: D) Troposphere

3. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

o A) Solar Energy
o B) Wind Energy
o C) Coal
o D) Geothermal Energy

Answer: C) Coal

4. What does 'biodiversity' refer to?

 o A) The variety of ecosystems in a region
o B) The number of species in an ecosystem
o C) The genetic variation within species
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

5. What term describes the gradual increase in Earth’s average temperature due to
increased greenhouse gases?
o A) Ozone Depletion
o B) Global Warming
o C) Acid Rain
o D) Eutrophication

Answer: B) Global Warming

Ecosystems

6. Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial biome?

o A) Coral Reef
o B) Tropical Rainforest
o C) Estuary
o D) Mangrove Swamp

Answer: B) Tropical Rainforest

7. In a food chain, which of the following would be considered a primary producer?

o A) Lion
o B) Deer
o C) Grass
o D) Fungus

Answer: C) Grass

8. What type of organism breaks down dead matter in an ecosystem?

o A) Producer
o B) Consumer
o C) Decomposer
o D) Predator

Answer: C) Decomposer

9. Which term refers to a species that has a disproportionately large impact on its
ecosystem?
o A) Keystone Species
o B) Invasive Species
 o C) Endangered Species
o D) Indicator Species

Answer: A) Keystone Species

10. What is the main function of wetlands in an ecosystem?

o A) Providing habitat for migratory birds
o B) Acting as carbon sinks
o C) Filtering pollutants from water
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Natural Resources and Conservation

11. Which of the following is a method of sustainable forestry?

o A) Clear-cutting
o B) Selective Logging
o C) Slash and Burn
o D) Deforestation

Answer: B) Selective Logging

12. What is the primary purpose of a national park?

o A) To promote tourism
o B) To conserve natural habitats and wildlife
o C) To exploit natural resources
o D) To provide recreational areas for local communities

Answer: B) To conserve natural habitats and wildlife

13. Which of the following practices helps in water conservation?

o A) Using sprinklers during the hottest part of the day
o B) Leaving the tap running while brushing teeth
o C) Collecting rainwater for irrigation
o D) Disposing of hazardous waste in regular trash

Answer: C) Collecting rainwater for irrigation

14. Which type of energy source is considered renewable?

o A) Natural Gas
o B) Uranium
o C) Wind Power
o D) Coal

Answer: C) Wind Power

 15. What is the main goal of recycling programs?
o A) To reduce waste in landfills
o B) To create new products from waste materials
o C) To save energy
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Environmental Issues

16. Which greenhouse gas is most associated with climate change?

o A) Methane
o B) Nitrous Oxide
o C) Carbon Dioxide
o D) Ozone

Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide

17. What is the primary cause of acid rain?

o A) Increased oxygen levels
o B) Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
o C) Ozone depletion
o D) Deforestation

Answer: B) Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

18. Which of the following is a major source of ocean pollution?

o A) Agricultural runoff
o B) Industrial emissions
o C) Plastic waste
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

19. What phenomenon causes the melting of polar ice caps?

o A) Solar Radiation
o B) Global Warming
o C) Tectonic Activity
o D) El Niño

Answer: B) Global Warming

20. What is a major environmental impact of deforestation?

o A) Increased biodiversity
o B) Enhanced soil fertility
o C) Habitat loss for wildlife
 o D) Improved air quality

Answer: C) Habitat loss for wildlife

Pollution and Waste Management

21. What is the main objective of waste segregation?

o A) To reduce the volume of waste
o B) To improve recycling efficiency
o C) To ensure proper disposal methods
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

22. Which type of waste is considered hazardous?

o A) Food Scraps
o B) Paper and Cardboard
o C) Batteries
o D) Glass Bottles

Answer: C) Batteries

23. Which of the following can be a result of poor waste management?

o A) Groundwater contamination
o B) Air pollution
o C) Soil degradation
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

24. What is the purpose of composting?

o A) To create a nutrient-rich soil amendment
o B) To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
o C) To minimize landfill waste
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

25. Which gas is commonly associated with indoor air pollution?

o A) Carbon Monoxide
o B) Nitrogen Dioxide
o C) Methane
o D) Ozone

Answer: A) Carbon Monoxide

Climate Change and Global Impact

26. What is the term for the warming of the Earth's surface and oceans?
o A) Greenhouse Effect
o B) Global Warming
o C) El Niño
o D) Urban Heat Island Effect

Answer: B) Global Warming

27. Which activity is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions?

o A) Solar Energy Production
o B) Afforestation
o C) Burning of Fossil Fuels
o D) Water Conservation

Answer: C) Burning of Fossil Fuels

28. What is the main objective of the Paris Agreement?

o A) To limit global temperature rise
o B) To promote economic development
o C) To reduce ocean pollution
o D) To protect endangered species

Answer: A) To limit global temperature rise

29. Which of the following is a potential consequence of climate change?

o A) Increased frequency of extreme weather events
o B) Ocean acidification
o C) Melting glaciers
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

30. Which sector is most affected by rising sea levels?

o A) Agriculture
o B) Tourism
o C) Coastal Infrastructure
o D) Technology

Answer: C) Coastal Infrastructure

Energy and Resource Management

31. Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?

o A) Coal
 o B) Natural Gas
o C) Solar Power
o D) Nuclear Power

Answer: C) Solar Power

32. What is the purpose of energy efficiency measures?

o A) To reduce energy consumption
o B) To lower energy costs
o C) To decrease environmental impact
o D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

33. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?

o A) Wind Energy
o B) Hydropower
o C) Natural Gas
o D) Biomass

Answer: C) Natural Gas

34. What is the primary environmental benefit of using public transportation?

o A) Reduced traffic congestion
o B) Lower greenhouse gas emissions
o C) Decreased energy consumption
o D) All of the above

Answer: B) Lower greenhouse gas emissions

35. Which practice is associated with sustainable agriculture?

o A) Monoculture
o B) Organic Farming
o C) Use of chemical pesticides
o D) Intensive livestock farming

Answer: B) Organic Farming

Conservation and Protection

36. Which of the following is a method used to protect endangered species?

o A) Habitat Restoration
o B) Legal Protection
o C) Captive Breeding Programs
o D) All of the above
 Answer: D) All of the above

37. What is the primary goal of an ecological reserve?

o A) To promote recreational activities
o B) To protect and conserve natural habitats
o C) To facilitate research and education
o D) To exploit natural resources

Answer: B) To protect and conserve natural habitats

38. Which of the following strategies helps in conserving water resources?

o A) Installing low-flow fixtures
o B) Reducing the use of pesticides
o C) Increasing the area of paved surfaces
o D) Using non-native plant species

Answer: A) Installing low-flow fixtures

39. What role do wildlife corridors play in conservation?

o A) They facilitate the movement of species between habitats
o B) They reduce human-wildlife conflict
o C) They increase habitat fragmentation
o D) They support urban development

Answer: A) They facilitate the movement of species between habitats

40. What is the concept of 'sustainable development'?

o A) Development that meets present needs without compromising future
generations
o B) Rapid industrial growth
o C) The use of non-renewable resources for economic gain
o D) Overexploitation of natural resources

Answer: A) Development that meets present needs without compromising future

generations

Environmental Policies and Management

41. What is the purpose of the Clean Air Act?

o A) To reduce air pollution and protect public health
o B) To regulate water quality standards
o C) To manage hazardous waste
o D) To conserve endangered species

Answer: A) To reduce air pollution and protect public health

 42. Which international agreement focuses on the protection of the ozone layer?
o A) Kyoto Protocol
o B) Paris Agreement
o C) Montreal Protocol
o D) Basel Convention

Answer: C) Montreal Protocol

43. What does 'sustainable forestry' aim to achieve?

o A) Maximizing timber yield
o B) Promoting biodiversity and ecosystem health
o C) Clear-cutting large forest areas
o D) Reducing forest cover

Answer: B) Promoting biodiversity and ecosystem health

44. Which of the following is a key principle of Integrated Water Resources

Management (IWRM)?
o A) Managing water resources separately from land use
o B) Prioritizing industrial water use over domestic needs
o C) Considering all aspects of water management in a coordinated manner
o D) Encouraging over-extraction of groundwater

Answer: C) Considering all aspects of water management in a coordinated manner

45. Which type of environmental management strategy focuses on reducing waste at the
source?
o A) Recycling
o B) Waste Minimization
o C) Waste-to-Energy
o D) Landfill Expansion

Answer: B) Waste Minimization

Environmental Ethics and Awareness

46. What is 'environmental ethics'?

o A) The study of human values and responsibilities toward the environment
o B) The principles governing industrial waste management
o C) The legal framework for environmental protection
o D) The economic analysis of environmental policies

Answer: A) The study of human values and responsibilities toward the environment

47. What does 'eco-friendly' mean?

o A) Harmful to the environment
 o B) Contributing to environmental conservation
o C) Increasing pollution
o D) Ignoring environmental regulations

Answer: B) Contributing to environmental conservation

48. Which of the following is a way to increase environmental awareness?

o A) Ignoring environmental regulations
o B) Promoting environmental education and outreach programs
o C) Using more disposable products
o D) Reducing green spaces in urban areas

Answer: B) Promoting environmental education and outreach programs

49. What does 'sustainable consumption' involve?

o A) Using resources without regard to future impacts
o B) Purchasing products with minimal environmental impact
o C) Maximizing resource use regardless of environmental cost
o D) Encouraging overconsumption of resources

Answer: B) Purchasing products with minimal environmental impact

50. What is 'environmental justice'?

o A) Fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens
o B) Legal rights of corporations over environmental resources
o C) Promoting economic development without environmental considerations
o D) Prioritizing industrial interests over community health

Answer: A) Fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens

Human Impact and Activities

51. Which human activity is a major cause of deforestation?

o A) Urbanization
o B) Sustainable logging
o C) Reforestation
o D) Conservation efforts

Answer: A) Urbanization

52. What is a primary consequence of overfishing?

o A) Increase in fish populations
o B) Habitat destruction
o C) Reduction in biodiversity
o D) Improved water quality
 Answer: C) Reduction in biodiversity

53. Which of the following is a method of reducing carbon footprint?

o A) Increasing car usage
o B) Using energy-efficient appliances
o C) Expanding coal-fired power plants
o D) Encouraging single-use plastics

Answer: B) Using energy-efficient appliances

54. What is 'land degradation'?

o A) Improvement of soil quality
o B) Enhancement of agricultural productivity
o C) Deterioration of land quality due to human activity
o D) Preservation of natural habitats

Answer: C) Deterioration of land quality due to human activity

55. Which of the following practices can help reduce soil erosion?
o A) Overgrazing by livestock
o B) Clear-cutting forests
o C) Planting cover crops
o D) Paving over soil

Answer: C) Planting cover crops

Conservation Strategies

56. What is 'reforestation'?

o A) The process of planting trees in deforested areas
o B) Cutting down trees for timber
o C) Converting forest land into agricultural land
o D) Reducing tree planting efforts

Answer: A) The process of planting trees in deforested areas

57. Which of the following is a benefit of marine protected areas?

o A) Increase in fishing activities
o B) Preservation of marine biodiversity
o C) Development of coastal resorts
o D) Expansion of shipping routes

Answer: B) Preservation of marine biodiversity

58. What does 'wildlife conservation' focus on?

o A) Protection of wildlife habitats and species
 o B) Increase in hunting activities
o C) Expansion of urban areas into wildlife habitats
o D) Decrease in protected areas

Answer: A) Protection of wildlife habitats and species

59. Which strategy helps in combating desertification?

o A) Promoting unsustainable land use practices
o B) Implementing soil conservation techniques
o C) Increasing water use without management
o D) Reducing vegetation cover

Answer: B) Implementing soil conservation techniques

60. What is 'sustainable fisheries management'?

o A) Overharvesting of fish populations
o B) Ensuring fish populations are maintained and ecosystems are protected
o C) Ignoring fish stock assessments
o D) Promoting unregulated fishing practices

Answer: B) Ensuring fish populations are maintained and ecosystems are protected

Environmental Science and Technology

61. What is 'bioremediation'?

o A) The use of plants and microorganisms to clean up environmental contaminants
o B) The removal of all vegetation from contaminated sites
o C) The incineration of hazardous waste
o D) The construction of physical barriers to contain pollution

Answer: A) The use of plants and microorganisms to clean up environmental

contaminants

62. What is the purpose of environmental impact assessments (EIAs)?

o A) To evaluate the potential effects of a proposed project on the environment
o B) To assess the economic benefits of a project
o C) To ignore environmental concerns for development
o D) To prioritize construction timelines over environmental protection

Answer: A) To evaluate the potential effects of a proposed project on the

environment

63. Which technology is used to reduce air pollution from industrial sources?
o A) Air Scrubbers
o B) Water Filters
o C) Solar Panels
 o D) Wind Turbines

Answer: A) Air Scrubbers

64. What is the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in environmental

studies?
o A) To track and analyze spatial data related to environmental issues
o B) To reduce energy consumption in buildings
o C) To promote industrial waste management
o D) To replace traditional conservation methods

Answer: A) To track and analyze spatial data related to environmental issues

65. What does 'sustainable agriculture' emphasize?

o A) Maximizing yield at the expense of soil health
o B) Minimizing environmental impact and maintaining soil fertility
o C) Expanding agricultural land by clearing forests
o D) Using large amounts of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides

Answer: B) Minimizing environmental impact and maintaining soil fertility

Environmental Education and Advocacy

66. What is the goal of environmental education?

o A) To inform and engage the public about environmental issues and solutions
o B) To promote industrial interests over environmental concerns
o C) To ignore environmental impacts of human activities
o D) To focus solely on economic growth

Answer: A) To inform and engage the public about environmental issues and
solutions

67. Which organization is known for its global environmental advocacy and
campaigns?
o A) World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
o B) World Health Organization (WHO)
o C) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
o D) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Answer: A) World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

68. What role do environmental NGOs play?

o A) Advocacy for environmental protection and sustainability
o B) Promotion of industrial development without regulations
o C) Ignoring climate change issues
o D) Encouraging overexploitation of natural resources
 Answer: A) Advocacy for environmental protection and sustainability

69. Which of the following is an effective way to promote environmental awareness?

o A) Hosting community clean-up events
o B) Encouraging deforestation
o C) Ignoring conservation efforts
o D) Supporting industrial pollution

Answer: A) Hosting community clean-up events

70. What is the importance of environmental advocacy?

o A) To influence policy changes and promote sustainable practices
o B) To increase industrial pollution
o C) To ignore environmental laws
o D) To prioritize short-term economic gains over long-term sustainability

Answer: A) To influence policy changes and promote sustainable practices

Environmental Health

71. Which of the following is a major environmental health issue?

o A) Indoor Air Pollution
o B) Sustainable Forestry
o C) Renewable Energy
o D) Urban Green Spaces

Answer: A) Indoor Air Pollution

72. What health problems can be caused by exposure to lead in the environment?
o A) Respiratory issues
o B) Developmental and neurological damage
o C) Improved cognitive function
o D) Enhanced immune system

Answer: B) Developmental and neurological damage

73. What is 'environmental justice'?

o A) Ensuring fair access to environmental resources and protection for all
communities
o B) Prioritizing industrial activities over community health
o C) Ignoring environmental impacts in policy-making
o D) Expanding industrial zones into residential areas

Answer: A) Ensuring fair access to environmental resources and protection for all
communities
 74. Which of the following is a common source of waterborne diseases?
o A) Treated tap water
o B) Contaminated water sources
o C) Filtered bottled water
o D) Boiled drinking water

Answer: B) Contaminated water sources

75. Which environmental issue is linked to respiratory illnesses?

o A) Air Pollution
o B) Soil Erosion
o C) Deforestation
o D) Overfishing

Answer: A) Air Pollution

Climate and Weather

76. What is the primary cause of seasonal changes in climate?

o A) Changes in Earth's tilt and orbit
o B) Variations in ocean currents
o C) Human activities
o D) Solar flares

Answer: A) Changes in Earth's tilt and orbit

77. What is 'El Niño'?

o A) A climatic event characterized by warmer than average sea surface
temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean
o B) A period of cooler temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean
o C) An increase in volcanic activity
o D) A type of drought

Answer: A) A climatic event characterized by warmer than average sea surface

temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean

78. Which phenomenon is associated with extreme weather events such as hurricanes
and typhoons?
o A) La Niña
o B) El Niño
o C) Solar Eclipses
o D) Urban Heat Island Effect

Answer: B) El Niño

79. What is the main driver of the water cycle?

 o A) Wind Patterns
o B) Solar Energy
o C) Tectonic Activity
o D) Human Activity

Answer: B) Solar Energy

80. Which of the following can be a result of climate change?

o A) Increased frequency of heatwaves
o B) Decreased frequency of droughts
o C) Stable sea levels
o D) Reduced intensity of hurricanes

Answer: A) Increased frequency of heatwaves

Environmental Impact Assessment

81. What does a 'scoping process' in an Environmental Impact Assessment involve?

o A) Identifying the key issues and potential impacts to be studied
o B) Assessing the economic benefits of a project
o C) Ignoring stakeholder input
o D) Finalizing the project design

Answer: A) Identifying the key issues and potential impacts to be studied

82. Which of the following is NOT typically assessed in an Environmental Impact

Assessment?
o A) Impact on local wildlife
o B) Effect on cultural heritage sites
o C) Project's financial profitability
o D) Air quality impacts

Answer: C) Project's financial profitability

83. What is the role of public consultation in an Environmental Impact Assessment?

o A) To gather input and concerns from the community
o B) To finalize project approvals without community input
o C) To bypass environmental regulations
o D) To limit stakeholder engagement

Answer: A) To gather input and concerns from the community

84. What does 'mitigation' refer to in an Environmental Impact Assessment?

o A) Actions taken to reduce or offset negative environmental impacts
o B) Ignoring potential impacts
o C) Increasing project scale
 o D) Delaying project implementation

Answer: A) Actions taken to reduce or offset negative environmental impacts

85. Which document is often produced as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment
process?
o A) Environmental Management Plan
o B) Financial Audit Report
o C) Market Research Analysis
o D) Technical Specification Document

Answer: A) Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Policies and Laws

86. Which law regulates the discharge of pollutants into U.S. waters?
o A) Clean Water Act
o B) Endangered Species Act
o C) Clean Air Act
o D) National Environmental Policy Act

Answer: A) Clean Water Act

87. What is the focus of the Endangered Species Act?

o A) Protecting species at risk of extinction
o B) Regulating emissions from industrial sources
o C) Promoting sustainable fisheries
o D) Reducing hazardous waste

Answer: A) Protecting species at risk of extinction

88. Which international agreement addresses the issue of climate change and
greenhouse gas emissions?
o A) The Paris Agreement
o B) The Montreal Protocol
o C) The Basel Convention
o D) The Ramsar Convention

Answer: A) The Paris Agreement

89. What does the term 'sustainable development' imply in environmental policies?
o A) Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs
o B) Rapid industrial expansion without regard to environmental impacts
o C) Exploiting natural resources for short-term gains
o D) Ignoring environmental concerns for economic growth
 Answer: A) Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs

90. Which law regulates hazardous waste management in the U.S.?

o A) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
o B) Clean Air Act
o C) Endangered Species Act
o D) National Environmental Policy Act

Answer: A) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

Sustainable Practices and Innovations

91. Which of the following is a sustainable practice in agriculture?

o A) Crop rotation
o B) Overuse of chemical fertilizers
o C) Intensive monoculture
o D) Soil degradation

Answer: A) Crop rotation

92. What is 'green building'?

o A) Designing and constructing buildings that are environmentally responsible and
resource-efficient
o B) Using only traditional construction materials
o C) Expanding urban areas without planning
o D) Ignoring energy efficiency in building design

Answer: A) Designing and constructing buildings that are environmentally

responsible and resource-efficient

93. What does 'carbon offsetting' involve?

o A) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by investing in projects that mitigate
emissions elsewhere
o B) Increasing personal carbon footprint
o C) Ignoring the impact of carbon emissions
o D) Promoting fossil fuel use

Answer: A) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by investing in projects that

mitigate emissions elsewhere

94. Which technology is used to harness energy from the sun?

o A) Solar Panels
o B) Wind Turbines
o C) Geothermal Heat Pumps
o D) Hydroelectric Dams
 Answer: A) Solar Panels

95. What is 'vertical farming'?

o A) Growing crops in stacked layers or vertically inclined surfaces
o B) Traditional farming on flat land
o C) Increasing the use of pesticides
o D) Expanding agricultural land by deforestation

Answer: A) Growing crops in stacked layers or vertically inclined surfaces

Ecosystem Management

96. What is 'ecosystem management'?

o A) A holistic approach to managing ecosystems to sustain their health and
services
o B) Focusing solely on economic benefits from natural resources
o C) Ignoring ecological balance for industrial development
o D) Reducing the number of protected areas

Answer: A) A holistic approach to managing ecosystems to sustain their health and

services

97. Which practice helps in maintaining ecosystem health?

o A) Habitat fragmentation
o B) Invasive species control
o C) Overharvesting of resources
o D) Urban sprawl

Answer: B) Invasive species control

98. What is the primary goal of ecosystem restoration?

o A) To return degraded ecosystems to a healthy and functional state
o B) To exploit natural resources for economic gain
o C) To increase pollution levels
o D) To expand urban infrastructure

Answer: A) To return degraded ecosystems to a healthy and functional state

99. Which of the following is a benefit of maintaining biodiversity?

o A) Enhanced ecosystem resilience and stability
o B) Increased vulnerability to diseases
o C) Decreased ecosystem productivity
o D) Accelerated habitat loss

Answer: A) Enhanced ecosystem resilience and stability