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1. In Indo-Gangetic plains, rice wheat cropping

system covers about
(1) Mustard
(1) 5 m ha
(2) 10 m ha
(3) 15 m ha
(4) 20 m ha
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (4) 20 m ha
Explanation: The rice-wheat cropping system is a
dominant agricultural practice in the Indo-Gangetic
plains, a region that stretches across northern and eastern
India, parts of Pakistan, and Bangladesh. This system is
significant due to its contribution to food security in the
region. According to various agricultural studies and
reports, the rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-
Gangetic plains covers approximately 20 million hectares
(m ha).
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Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (1) Mustard: This option is not relevant to the
question as it does not specify an area and instead
mentions a different crop.

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 (2) 10 m ha: While 10 million hectares would be a
substantial area, it significantly underestimates the
extent of the rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-
Gangetic plains.
 (3) 15 m ha: This option is closer to the correct
answer but still underestimates the total area. The
actual coverage is larger.
 (5) None of these: This option is incorrect because
option (4) correctly states the area covered by the
rice-wheat cropping system.
The rice-wheat cropping system's coverage of 20 million
hectares underscores its importance in regional
agriculture and the livelihood of millions of farmers in the
Indo-Gangetic plains.

2. Which soil has the highest efficiency?

(1) Loamy soil
(2) Sandy soil
(3) Clay soil
(4) Both (1) and (2)
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (1) Loamy soil
Explanation: Loamy soil is considered to have the
highest efficiency among the soil types listed. This is
because loamy soil is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and
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clay, which provides it with ideal characteristics for
agriculture:
 Nutrient Retention: Loamy soil retains nutrients well,
which are essential for plant growth.
 Drainage: It has good drainage properties, preventing
waterlogging that can damage roots.
 Water Retention: Loamy soil retains moisture
efficiently, providing a steady supply of water to
plants.
 Workability: It is easier to work with compared to
very sandy or clay-heavy soils, making it ideal for
cultivation.
Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (2) Sandy soil: Sandy soil has large particles and
poor nutrient retention. It drains water quickly, which
can be a disadvantage in terms of water efficiency as
plants may not get a consistent supply of moisture.
 (3) Clay soil: Clay soil has very small particles and
tends to retain water excessively, leading to poor
drainage and aeration issues. While it can hold
nutrients well, the poor drainage and difficulty in
working with it make it less efficient compared to
loamy soil.
 (4) Both (1) and (2): This option is incorrect
because sandy soil does not have the high efficiency

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that loamy soil has. Loamy soil alone is the most
efficient among the options provided.
 (5) None of these: This option is incorrect because
loamy soil is indeed the most efficient among the
types listed.
Loamy soil's balanced properties make it the most efficient
for supporting plant growth, thus making it the best choice
among the options provided.
3. Magnesium is a constituent of:
(1) Nucleic Acid
(2) Enzyme system
(3) Cell wall
(4) Chlorophyll
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (4) Chlorophyll
Explanation: Magnesium is a central component of the
chlorophyll molecule, which is essential for photosynthesis
in plants. Chlorophyll is the pigment that gives plants their
green color and plays a critical role in capturing light
energy for the process of photosynthesis.
Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (1) Nucleic Acid: Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) do
not contain magnesium as a constituent. They are
primarily composed of nucleotides, which include a
phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
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 (2) Enzyme system: While magnesium acts as a
cofactor for many enzymes and is essential for their
activity, it is not a constituent of the enzymes
themselves. Instead, it helps stabilize structures of
enzymes and interacts with substrates during
enzymatic reactions.
 (3) Cell wall: The cell wall of plants is primarily
made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
Magnesium is not a structural component of the cell
wall.
 (5) None of these: This option is incorrect because
magnesium is indeed a constituent of chlorophyll.
Magnesium’s role in chlorophyll is crucial because it
enables plants to perform photosynthesis, which is the
process by which they convert light energy into chemical
energy. This function underscores the importance of
magnesium in plant biology.
4. The largest tea production state in India is:
(1) Tamil Nadu
(2) Assam
(3) Meghalaya
(4) Kerala
(5) None of these
The correct answer is
(2) Assam
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Explanation: Assam is the largest tea-producing state in
India, contributing more than half of the country’s total
tea production. The state’s climate, characterized by heavy
rainfall and high humidity, along with fertile soil, makes it
ideal for tea cultivation. Assam tea is renowned for its
robust flavor and is a key component of many blends,
including breakfast teas.
Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (1) Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu is one of the significant
tea-producing states in India, particularly known for
the Nilgiri tea from the Nilgiri hills. However, its
production is much lower than that of Assam.
 (4) Kerala: Kerala also produces tea, mainly from
the districts of Wayanad, Idukki, and the Anamalai
hills. While it is an important tea-growing region, its
production volume does not surpass that of Assam.
 (3) Meghalaya: Meghalaya has some tea
plantations, but it is not among the top tea-producing
states in India. Its production is minimal compared to
Assam.
 (5) None of these: This option is incorrect because
Assam is indeed the largest tea-producing state in
India.
Assam’s dominance in tea production is well-documented
and contributes significantly to both the national and
global tea markets.

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5. The average concentration of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere is:
(1) 0.03 ppm
(2) 30 ppm
(3) 0.3 ppm
(4) 300 ppm
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (5) None of these
Explanation: The average concentration of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere is currently about 415 parts per
million (ppm) as of recent measurements. This value has
been rising steadily due to human activities such as
burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (1) 0.03 ppm: This value is far too low. Carbon
dioxide concentrations are much higher than 0.03
ppm.
 (2) 30 ppm: While this is higher than the first
option, it is still significantly below the actual
concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere.
 (3) 0.3 ppm: This is also much too low. CO₂ levels
are measured in the hundreds of ppm, not fractions of
a ppm.
 (4) 300 ppm: This value is closer but still
underestimates the current levels of CO₂ in the
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atmosphere. Historical data shows that the last time
atmospheric CO₂ was at 300 ppm was several decades
ago, before the significant increases observed in
recent years.
 (5) None of these: This is the correct answer
because none of the provided options accurately
reflect the current average concentration of CO₂ in the
atmosphere, which is around 415 ppm.
Understanding the concentration of CO₂ in the
atmosphere is critical for addressing climate change, as
this greenhouse gas plays a significant role in global
warming and environmental changes.
6. Atmospheric layer nearest to earth Surface is
(1) Biosphere
(2) Exosphere
(3) Thermosphere
(4) Troposphere
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (4) Troposphere
Explanation: The troposphere is the lowest layer of
Earth's atmosphere and extends from the Earth's surface
up to about 8 to 15 kilometers (5 to 9 miles) high,
depending on the location (thicker at the equator and
thinner at the poles). It contains approximately 75% of the
atmosphere's mass and is where most of the Earth's

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weather phenomena, such as clouds, rain, and storms,
occur.
Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (1) Biosphere: The biosphere refers to the global
ecological system integrating all living beings and
their relationships, including their interaction with
elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and
atmosphere. It is not a layer of the atmosphere.
 (2) Exosphere: The exosphere is the outermost layer
of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from about 600
kilometers (373 miles) above the Earth’s surface and
gradually fading into outer space. It is the farthest
layer from the Earth’s surface.
 (3) Thermosphere: The thermosphere is located
above the mesosphere and below the exosphere,
starting around 80 kilometers (50 miles) above the
Earth’s surface and extending up to about 600
kilometers (373 miles). It is characterized by high
temperatures but is not the closest layer to the Earth's
surface.
 (5) None of these: This option is incorrect because
the troposphere is indeed the atmospheric layer
nearest to the Earth's surface.
The troposphere’s proximity to the Earth's surface and its
role in weather and climate make it the most dynamic
layer of the atmosphere, crucial for life on Earth.

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7. Impact of green house effect is:
(1) Global warming
(2) Ice melting
(3) Sea formation
(4) Sea level rise
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (1) Global warming
Explanation: The greenhouse effect results in the
trapping of heat in the Earth’s atmosphere by greenhouse
gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and
water vapor. This process leads to an increase in the
planet's average surface temperature, which is referred to
as global warming. Global warming is the direct impact of
the greenhouse effect and is the fundamental cause of
many subsequent environmental changes.
Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (2) Ice melting: Ice melting is a significant
consequence of global warming. As temperatures rise
due to the greenhouse effect, glaciers and polar ice
caps melt at an accelerated rate. This is a secondary
effect of global warming.
 (3) Sea formation: Sea formation is not a
consequence of the greenhouse effect. This process
involves geological and hydrological activities that are
unrelated to the greenhouse effect or global warming.

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 (4) Sea level rise: Sea level rise is another
consequence of global warming. It happens due to the
melting of ice and the thermal expansion of seawater
as it warms. Like ice melting, sea level rise is a
secondary effect resulting from global warming.
 (5) None of these: This option is incorrect because
global warming (option 1) is indeed the primary
impact of the greenhouse effect.
In conclusion, global warming is the primary and direct
impact of the greenhouse effect, leading to further
environmental consequences such as ice melting and sea
level rise.
8. Which food is designated as "Boneless meat"?
(1) Banana
(2) Potato
(3) Soybean
(4) Tapioca
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (3) Soybean
Explanation: In some contexts, especially in vegetarian
or vegan cooking, soybeans are often used as a substitute
for meat due to their high protein content and meat-like
texture when processed. Products made from soybeans,
such as tofu and tempeh, are commonly referred to as
meat substitutes or meat analogs. Since soybeans can be

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used to create dishes with a texture and taste similar to
meat, they are sometimes humorously or informally
referred to as "boneless meat."
This usage of the term "boneless meat" is not standard or
widely recognized, but it may be used colloquially or
within specific culinary communities to describe soybean-
based products that mimic the texture and flavor of meat.
Therefore, if "Soybean" is the designated answer in the
given context, it could be interpreted as a playful or
unconventional use of the term "boneless meat" to
describe a meat substitute.
9. Soil mulch is useful in:
(1) Minimizing evaporation losses
(2) Improving aeration
(3) Improving drainage
(4) Removing weeds
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (1) Minimizing evaporation
losses
Explanation: Soil mulch is a protective layer of material,
such as straw, leaves, or plastic, spread or left on the
ground around plants. One of its primary functions is to
minimize evaporation losses by reducing water loss from
the soil surface due to evaporation. By providing a barrier
between the soil and the atmosphere, mulch helps retain

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moisture in the soil, thus reducing the need for frequent
irrigation.
Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (2) Improving aeration: While mulch can
indirectly improve aeration by maintaining soil
moisture and preventing soil compaction, its primary
function is to reduce evaporation rather than to
directly improve aeration.
 (3) Improving drainage: Mulch can help regulate
soil moisture levels, but it does not directly improve
drainage. In fact, some types of mulch, such as
organic mulches like wood chips or straw, may
temporarily impede drainage until they decompose.
 (4) Removing weeds: Mulch can suppress weed
growth by blocking sunlight and preventing weed
seeds from germinating, but it does not actively
remove existing weeds. Weed removal typically
requires manual or mechanical intervention.
 (5) None of these: This option is incorrect because
soil mulch is indeed useful in minimizing evaporation
losses, as explained above.
In summary, while soil mulch can have various benefits for
soil health and plant growth, its primary function is to
minimize evaporation losses and conserve soil moisture.
10. The depth of seeding in wheat is
dependent on

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(1) Length of mesocotyl
(2) Length of radical
(3) Length of coleoptiles
(4) Both (1) and (2)
(5) None of these
The correct answer is (3) Length of coleoptiles
Explanation: In wheat cultivation, the depth of seeding
is primarily dependent on the length of coleoptiles.
Coleoptiles are protective sheaths covering the young
shoot of a grass embryo (including wheat) as it emerges
from the seed. The coleoptile elongates in response to light
and aids in the emergence of the seedling from the soil.
The depth of seeding should be such that the coleoptile
length is sufficient to reach the soil surface and allow the
seedling to emerge properly.
Explanations for Incorrect Options:
 (1) Length of mesocotyl: The mesocotyl is a part of
the embryo found in monocotyledonous plants
(including wheat). However, its length is not typically
considered a significant factor in determining the
depth of seeding in wheat.
 (2) Length of radical: The radical is the embryonic
root of a seedling, which develops into the primary
root upon germination. While the radical is important
for anchoring the seedling and absorbing water and

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nutrients, its length does not directly determine the
depth of seeding in wheat.
 (4) Both (1) and (2): While the length of the
mesocotyl and the radical may have some influence on
the depth of seeding, the primary factor in wheat
cultivation is the length of coleoptiles. Therefore, this
option is incorrect.
 (5) None of these: This option is incorrect because
the depth of seeding in wheat is indeed dependent on
the length of coleoptiles.
In wheat farming, ensuring proper seeding depth is crucial
for achieving optimal germination and establishment of
the crop. Adjusting seeding depth based on the length of
coleoptiles helps facilitate successful emergence and early
growth of wheat seedlings.
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