Contents

A. The Table of Tables ........................................................................................................ 2

B. Some Patterns ................................................................................................................. 3

C. How to Multiply: .............................................................................................................. 4

D. Stick Trick in Multiplication: .................................................................................... 7

E. Multiplying by 10,100,1000 ........................................................................................11

F. Bird's eye view ................................................................................................................ 16

G. Solved examples ........................................................................................................... 17

G. Practice yourself ...........................................................................................................23

H. Solutions ............................................................................................................................35
CHAPTER 4
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A. The Table of Tables

It is super easy to remember tables, isn’t it!!! Let go through them
once, with this magic box.

Multiplication is nothing but repeated addition.

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Tip 1: Order Does Not Matter

When we multiply two numbers, it does not matter which is first or

second, the answer is always the same.
In fact half of the table is a mirror image of the other!
So, don't memorise both "3 × 5" and "5 × 3", just memorise that "a 3
and a 5 make 15" when multiplied.
This is very important! It nearly cuts the whole job in half.
In your mind you should think of 3 and 5 "together" making 15.

B. Some Patterns

There are some patterns which can help you remember:

2× is just doubling the number. The same as adding the number to
itself.
2×2=4, 2×3=6, 2×4=8, etc.

So the pattern is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 (And once you remember
those, you also know 3×2, 4×2, 5×2, etc., right?)
5× has a pattern: 5, 10, 15, 20, etc. It ends in either 0 or 5.

9x has a pattern, too: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90
Now, notice how the "ones" place goes down: 9, 8, 7, 6, ...? And at the
same time, the "tens" place goes up: 1, 2, 3,...? Well, your hands can
help!

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Example: to multiply 9 by 8: hold your 8th finger down, and you can
count "7" and "2" ... the answer is 72
10x is maybe the easiest of them all ... just put a zero after it.
10×2=20, 10×3=30, 10×4=40, etc.
The Multiplication Sunflower

C. How to Multiply:
Multiply the ones Then multiply the tens and Then add.
first place the result
underneath. Remember,
the 3 in 34 is signifying 30.
3 4 3 4 3 4
X 5 X 5 X 5
2 0 2 0 2 0
1 5 0 + 1 5 0
5 x 4 = 20 5 x 30 = 150 1 7 0

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For 2 digits:

1 1
4 6 9
 3 2
9 3 8
1) 2 x 9 = 18 carry the 1 on top of the 6
2) 2 x 6 = 12 + the carried 1 = 13, carry the 1 on top of the 4
3) 2 x 4 = 8 + the carried 1 = 9

2 2
4 6 9
 3 2
9 3 8
1 4 0 7 0
1) 3 x 9 = 27, carry the 2

2) 3 x 6 = 18 + the carried 2 = 20,

3) 3 x 4 = 12 + the carried 2 = 14

Add to obtain 15008

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Worksheet 1:

Worksheet 2:

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D. Stick Trick in Multiplication:

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Key Fact: Sometimes the product of a 3-digit number and a 2-digit

number is a 5-digit number. But it cannot have more than 5 digits.

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Worksheet 3:

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Worksheet 4:

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E. Multiplying by 10,100,1000
To multiply a number by 10 put one zero to the right of the number.
23  10=230
129  10 =1290
To multiply a number by 100 put two zeroes to the right of the
number.
45  100=4500 654  100 = 65403
To multiply a number by 1000 put_____ zeroes to the right of the
number.
67  1000 =__________ 543  1000 =_______
Multiplying by 200, 300 2000, 3000,...
By 200 → multiply by 2 and put two zeroes to the right: 18  200 =
3600
Activity Time:
By 300 → multiply by______ and put _____zeroes to the right: 24  300
=_______
By 2000→ multiply by 2 and put three zeroes to the right: 18 
2000=_______
By 5000 → multiply by ______and put ________zeroes to the right : 13
5000______
Word Problems in Multiplication:

Step 1: Find numbers in the problems that need to be multiplied.

Step 2: Key words: ‘How many/How Far/Total’ etc.
Remember: Multiplication Problems travel from one to many’

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Step 3: Multiply
(1) Sally shoots an arrow 48 metres. Flame shoots her arrow three
times as far.
How far did Flame’s arrow go?
48 x 3 = 144 metres
(2) How many days in 26 weeks?
7 x 26 = 182 days
(3) A pencil costs Rs. 74. How much do 3 pencils cost?
74p x 3 = 222p or Rs. 2.22
(4) A baseball team has 9 players. In a tournament, there are 24
teams. How many players in total?
9 x 24 = 216 players
(5) Tyger uses brick which are 7cm tall to build a tower. His final
tower is 26 bricks high. How many cm tall is it?
7 x 26 = 182 cm or 1.82 m high
(6) There are 225 pieces in a jigsaw puzzle. How many pieces in 4
puzzles?
225 x 4 = 900 pieces
(7) Newton sees 65 frogs in the morning, and 7 fewer frogs in the
afternoon. How many frogs did he see in total?
65 + 58 = 123 frogs
Trick question – this was an addition and subtraction question
(8) A car travels at 57 miles per hour for 4 hours. How far has it
travelled?

57 x 4 = 228 miles
Have a go to solving these multiplication word problems.

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Can you spot the ‘trick’ problem which is not a multiplication
problem?

Worksheet 5:

(1) How many legs do 5 dogs have?

(2) There are 5 pens in a pack. How many pens in 6 packs?

(3) How many socks are there in 8 pairs?

(4) I buy 8 packs of peanut butter cups. Each pack has 3 cups. How
many cups are there in total?

(5) A guitar has 6 strings. How many strings would I need to restring
4 guitars?

(6) I buy 7 packs of ping-pong balls. Each pack has 5 balls. How many
balls are there?

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Estimating products

The product of two numbers can be estimated by rounding the

numbers.
Example 1: Estimate the product of 46 and 32.
Here we round off to the nearest 10.

Example 2: Estimate the product of 325 and 185.

Here we round off to the nearest 100.

However, this estimation method does not always work very well, for
example when both numbers are mid-way numbers. Let us
estimate the product 250  350 = 87,500.
By rounding: 300  400 = 1,20,000 which is not a good estimate.
Here a better method is to round up one number and round down
the other. 200  400 = 80,000 is a better estimate.
This method also works better for numbers that are close to midway
numbers. Find out for yourself what works best for 342  246 and 353
 255.

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Worksheet 6:

1. Estimate the products, by rounding the numbers to the nearest 10.

Do not round off single digit numbers.

(a) 75  14

(b) 53  28

(c) 74  44

(d) In a library 250 books are placed in a rack. If there are 72 such
racks, how many books does the library have?

(e) The cost of a plane ticket from Kolkata to Chennai is ₹ 4565. If 9

friends are travelling from Kolkata to Chennai, how much money do
they have to pay?

(f) A pen factory produces 568 pens in a day. If the factory has 25
working days in a month, how many pens are produced in a month?

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2. Estimate the products by rounding the numbers to the nearest

100.
(a) 111  178
(b) 432  262
(c) 542  375
(d) 246  388
(e) 156  272
3. I want to buy 12 shirts costing Rs. 258 each. Approximately how
much money will I need?
4. There are 75 rows of mango trees with 25 trees in each row.
Approximately how many mango trees are there?

F. Bird's eye view

1. When we multiply, there is the Multiplier and the Multiplicand.

2. The Multiplier is the number that tells us how many groups.
3. The Multiplicand is the number inside each group.
4. The Product is the answer we get after doing the multiplication.

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G. Solved examples

Multiplying by a 2-digit number

Example 1: There are 324 boxes of 25 balloons each. How many
balloons are there?
Number of balloons = 324  25
We multiply by 25 in 3 steps.
You know that 25 = 20 + 5
Multiply 324 by 5, then by 20, and then add the products.

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Multiplying a 4-digit number by a 1-digit number

You learnt how to multiply a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number in

Class 3. Multiplication of a 4-digit number by a 1-digit number is
done in the same way.
Example 1: Multiply 1266 by 4

Sometimes the product of a 4-digit number and a 1-digit number

may be a 5-digit number, for example 2534  5 = 12670

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Multiplying by a 3-digit number

The method of multiplying by a 3-digit number is similar to the

method of multiplying by a 2-digit number.
Example 1: There are 532 boxes of 356 chocolates each. How many
chocolates are there in all?
Number of chocolates = 532  356
356 = 300 + 50 + 6
Multiply 532 by 6, then by 50, and then by 300. Add the products.

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Multiplication of money

You have learnt multiplication of money in Class 3. Recall that to

multiply, you have to:
• write the money amount and the multiplier vertically as shown.
• multiply in the usual way, just as you multiply other numbers.
• take care to put the decimal points in the correct place—before
the second digit from the right.
Example 1: ice-cream costs ₹ 21.90, find the price of 3 ice-creams.
3 ice-creams cost 3  ₹21.90

Answer: 3 ice-creams cost ₹ 65.70

Rapid cheek Work out the cost of 5 ice-creams.
Example 2: multiply ₹ 5.25 by 23

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Example 3: Multiply ₹ 0.75 by 25

When multiplying by a 2-digit or 3-digit number, put the decimal

point in the answer before the second digit from the right.
Example 2: Multiply ₹ 5.25 by 23.

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G. Practice yourself

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25. Multiply

(a) 514  400 (b) 4629  8

(c) 2769  3 (d) 524  78

(e) 784  237 (f) 943  504

(g) 756  29 (h) 808  70

(I) 754  403.

26. Multiply

(a) 754  464 (b) 879  321

(c) 921  460 (d) 8065  9

(e) 3650  10 (f) 700  506

(g) 897  100 (h) 755  240

(i) 2579  7 (j) 444  440

(k) 892  378 (l) 807  708

27. Fill in the blanks:_________  0 = 0

i 12 ii 245

iii 34,567 iv All of these are correct

28. 34  20,000 is equal to:

i 34,000 ii 68,000

iii 3,40,000 iv 6,80,000

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29. A 2-digit number multiplied by a 2-digit number gives:

i always a 4-digit number

ii always a 5-digit number

iii a 4-or 5-digit number

iv a 3-or 4-digit number

30. Multiply

(a) 7532  5 (b) 8000  4 (c) 430  55

(d) 514  400 (e)4629  8

31. Fill In the blanks

(a) 190  10 = 10 _______

(b) (3446)12=34 (______ 12)

(c) 13  4 _________ = 20134

(d) 0  0 =_______

(e) ______1 =1

(f) 650  _________= 0

(g) 23  49  65 = 49  23  ________

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32. Applying multiplication (Story Sums)

(a) During the Van Mahotsava, children planted 1435 tree saplings
per day. They worked for a full week. Flow many saplings did they
plant in all?

(b) The distance from Delhi to Chennai is 2200 km. In a week, a plane
flies seven times from Delhi to Chennai and back. What distance
does the plane cover in a week?

(c) A factory making balloons packs 200 balloons in a packet. If 32

such packets are made in a day, how many balloons are made every
day?

(d) In a library 250 books are placed in a rack. If there are 72 such
racks, how many books does the library have?

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33. Estimate the products by rounding numbers. In each case

choose whether to round to 10 or 100.

(a) 46  23

(b) 52  87

(c) 72  36

(d) 57  12

(e) 68  31

(f) 556  333

(g) 471  126

(h) 365  243

34. Applying money to everyday life (story sums)

(a) If 1 kg of sweets cost ₹ 240.75, find the cost of 5 kg of sweets.

(b) The cost of a chart is ₹ 25.75. The class 4 teacher bought 15 charts
to put up in class. What was the total cost of the charts? If the
teacher paid ₹ 500, how much change did she get back?
(c) Nargis likes to eat a banana every day. If one banana costs ₹ 0.75,
how much does she spend on bananas in the month of April?

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35.. . Write the multiplication fact.
(a) 6+6+6+6+6=30
_____x______ =
(b) 4+4+4+4+4+4=24
_____x_____ =
36. Multiply.
(a) 8  7 =____
(b) 10  4=_____
(c) 9  3=____
(d) 6  6=____
37. Multiply.
(a) 82  3
(b) 34  4
(c) 105  5
(d) 156  4
(e) 146 x 6
(f) 9  400
(g) 305  10
(h) 22  14
(I) 48  27
(j) 26  33

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1. There were 5 fields.

There were 23 cows in each field.
How many cows were there?

2. There were 3 bunches of grapes.

There were 25 grapes on each bunch.
How many grapes were there in total?

3. Cinema tickets cost 93c. I bought 6 tickets. How much did I pay?

4. There were 9 octopuses in the aquarium. How many legs were

there?

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5. I baked 11 cakes. I put 3 candles on each cake. How many candles
did I need?

6. I had 4 treasure chests. There were 56 pieces of gold in each.

How much gold was there?

7. There were 75 monsters. Each monster had 3 eyes. How many

eyes did they have?

8. We had 6 recycling bins. There were 27 bottles in each. How

many bottles did we have?

9. Multiply ₹ 49.50 by 10.

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The teacher gave a multiplication sum to Pintu, Shintu and Kintu.

Check their answers. Put 1 for correct and X for wrong. Can you say
what the mistakes are?

10. The price of a story book is ₹125. Manas wants to purchase 9 story
books to give to his friends as return gifts on his birthday. How
much money does he need?

11. There are 55 beads in a necklace. How many beads will be

required to make 25 necklaces?

12. The cost of the Class 5 Maths textbook is Rs. 212. What is the cost
of 16 Maths textbooks?

13. In a farm 240 potato plants are planted in one row. If there are
24 such rows, how many potato plants are there?

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14. Check Mini’s and Tini's homework. Put ✓ for correct and  for
wrong. Can you point out the mistake?

Multi-Digit Multiplication Track Card: 9

The happy Apple Farm has 560 apple trees. Each apple tree has 169
apples. How many apples are on all the trees together?

Multi-Digit Multiplication Track Card: 10

Joe collects trading cards. He has 26 binders full of cards with 128
cards in each binder. How many cards does he have in all?

Multi-Digit Multiplication Track Card: 11

Mikaela spent her summer earning money by babysitting. She spent

96 hours over the summer babysitting. She earned Rs. 12/ hour. How
much money did she make all summer?

Multi-Digit Multiplication Track Card: 12

The newspaper delivery man for the Gazette delivers to 342 streets.
There are 27 houses on each street. How many houses are the
newspapers delivered to?

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Fun Activity

Magic square

A magic square should have the same total horizontally, vertically

and diagonally. Fill in the blanks to complete the magic square.

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H. Solutions

Worksheet 1:

1. 728. 2. 483. 3. 225. 4. 198. 5. 648.

6. 459. 7. 153. 8. 352. 9. 96. 10. 308.

11. 200. 12. 275. 13. 552. 14. 624. 15. 435.

16. 630. 17. 209. 18. 520. 19. 435. 20. 240

Worksheet 2:

1. 7554. 2. 4473. 3. 1264. 4. 1206. 5. 6450.

6. 4400. 7. 361. 8. 3015. 9. 406. 10. 2412.

11. 1342. 12. 1950. 13. 5467. 14. 6375. 15. 3854.

16. 6400. 17. 1311. 18. 4920. 19. 3948. 20. 1400

Worksheet 3:

3172, 3894, 4725, 2546, 2054

Worksheet 4:

1. 9460. 2. 6720. 3. 4053. 4. 9460. 5. 6720.

6. 4053. 7. 3168. 8. 5343. 9. 2210

Worksheet 5:

1. 20. 2. 30. 3. 16. 4. 24. 5. 24.

6. 35

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Worksheet 6:

1. a. 800. b. 1500. c. 2800. d. 18000. e. 41085. f. 14200.

2. a. 20000. b. 120000. c. 200000. d. 80000. e. 60000.

3. 3100. 4. 1900

Novice:

1. 1692. 2. 1275. 3. 850. 4. 770. 5. 1577. 6. 1274.

7. 650. 8. 1008. 9. 504. 10. 912. 11. 752.
12. 882. 13. 728. 14. 516. 15. 400. 16. 360 17. 637
18. 540 19. 296 20.420 21.198 22.372 23.275
24. 338
25. a. 205600. b. 37032.
c. 8307. d. 40872.
e. 185808. f. 475272.
g. 21924. h. 56560.
i. 303862
26. a. 349856. b. 282159. c. 423660. d. 72585. e. 36500.
f. 354200. g. 89700. h. 181200. i. 18053. j. 195360.
k. 337176. l. 571356
27. IV. 28. IV. 29. IV.
30. a. 37660. b. 32000. c. 23650. d. 205600. e. 37032.
31. a. 190. b. 46. c. 20. d. 0. e. 1. f. 0. g. 65
32. a. 10045. b. 30800km. c. 6400. d. 18000.
33. a. 1060. b. 4520. c. 2600. d. 650. e. 2100.
f. 185100. g. 59300. h. 88700
34. a. Rs. 1203.75. b. Rs. 386.25, Rs. 113.75. c. Rs. 22.50
35. a. 6X5=30. b. 4X6 = 24.

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36. a. 56. b. 40. c. 27. d. 36
37. a. 246. b. 136. c. 525. d. 624. e. 876. f. 3600. g. 3050.
h. 308. i. 1296. j. 858.
Advanced:

1.115. 2. 75. 3. 5.58 dollars. 4. 72. 5. 33.

6. 224. 7. 225. 8. 162. 9. Rs. 495. 10. 1125.
11. 1375. 12. Rs. 3392. 13. 5760.

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