Problem 1 Determine the domain of

x+3
y= √
4 − x2 − 9
√
Solution: We want 4 − x2 − 9 6= 0 and x2 − 9 ≥ 0. Second one implies x2 ≥ 9 and eventually x 6∈ (−3, 3).
First one implies x2 − 9 6= 16 which means x 6= ±5. So our domain is D(f ) = R − [(−3, 3) ∪ {−5, 5}]

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Problem 2 tan x = 2
where x ∈ [π, 3π
2
], find sin x and cos x.
Solution:
sin x 1
tan x = =
cos x 2
4 sin2 x = cos2 x = 1 − sin2 x
1
| sin x| = √
5
2
| cos x| = √
5
3π 1 2
Since x ∈ [π, 2 ], sin x = − 5 and cos x = − 5 . You can solve this question by drawing a triangle but don’t
√ √

forget x ∈ [π, 3π
2
] thus one of the angle will be x − π.

Problem 3 Solve sin 2x − cos x = 0 where x ∈ [0, 2π].
Solution:
sin 2x − cos x = 0
2 sin x cos x − cos x = 0
(2 sin x − 1) cos x = 0
2 sin x − 1 = 0 or cos x = 0
1 π 5π
sin x = implies x = or x =
2 6
And cos x = 0 implies x = π2 or 3π
6
. 2
. Then our solution set is { π6 , π2 , 5π
6
, 3π
2
}.
When you are asked to solve an equation, finding only one solution is not sufficient. You have to find all roots.

Problem 4 Suppose that f and g are odd functions on R. Which of the followings are even or odd?
• fg
• f3
• f (sin x)
• g(sec x)
• |g|
Solution: Recall that h is even iff h(−x) = h(x) and h is odd iff h(−x) = −h(x).
• f g(−x) = f (−x)g(−x) = (−f (x))(−g(x)) = f (x)g(x) which means f g is even.
• f 3 (−x) = (−f (x))(−f (x))(−f (x)) = −f 3 (x) which means f 3 is odd.
• f (sin(−x)) = f (− sin x) = −f (sin x) which implies f (sin x) is odd.
• g(sec(−x)) = g(sec x) which implies g(sec x) is even.
• |g(−x)| = |g(x)| which implies |g| is even.

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 In general,
• If a function is both even and odd, it is equal to 0 everywhere it is defined.
• If a function is odd, the absolute value of that function is an even function.
• The sum of two even functions is even.
• The sum of two odd functions is odd.
• The difference between two odd functions is odd.
• The difference between two even functions is even.
• The sum of an even function and an odd function is neither even nor odd, unless one of the functions is
equal to zero over the given domain.
• The product of two even functions is an even function .
• The product of two odd functions is an even function.
• The product of an even function and an odd function is an odd function.
• The quotient of two even functions is an even function whenever it is defined.
• The quotient of two odd functions is an even function whenever it is defined.
• The quotient of an even function and an odd function is an odd function whenever it is defined.
• The composition of two even functions is even.
• The composition of two odd functions is odd.
• The composition of an even function and an odd function is even.
Try to show above properties for arbitrary even and odd functions.
Problem 5 Consider the quarter-circle of radius 1 and right triangles ABE and ACD given in accompanying
figures. Use standard area formulas to conclude that
1 θ 1 sin θ
sin θ cos θ ≤ ≤
2 2 2 cos θ
Solution: Call the area of the triangle ABE,the area
of the triangle ACD, the area of the sector ABD, x, y, z
respectively. Then we have x ≤ z ≤ y. We calculate
the areas to get the required inequality.
1
x= cos θ sin θ
2
θ 2 θ
z= πr =
2π 2
We calculate |CD| similarity of triangles.

sin θ
|CD| =
cos θ
1 sin θ
y=
2 cos θ

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 Problem 6 Evaluate the limit √
5h + 4 − 2
lim
h→0 h
Solution:
√ √ √
( 5h + 4 − 2) ( 5h + 4 − 2) ( 5h + 4 + 2)
lim = lim √
h→0 h h→0 h ( 5h + 4 + 2)
5 5
= lim √ =
h→0 5h + 4 + 2 4

Problem 8 Prove that limx→4 9 − x = 5.

Solution: First let us recall the definition of limit.
Definition : We call limx→a f (x) = L, if for any  > 0, there exists δ > 0 such that;

0 < |x − a| < δ implies |f (x) − L| < 

Now let  > 0, we must find δ > 0 such that

|9 − x − 5| = |x − 4| < 

whenever |x − 4| < δ .(We chose δ = ).

Problem 9 Prove that limx→1 x1 = 1.

Solution : Let  > 0, we need to find δ > 0 such that |x − 1| < δ implies | x1 − 1| < .

1 x−1 δ
−1 = ≤
x x |x|
δ δ
Assuming δ < 1, (1 − δ) < x whenever |x − 1| < δ. |x|
< 1−δ
. That’s why, we have

1 x−1 δ δ
−1 = ≤ ≤ <
x x |x| 1−δ

whenever δ ≤ 1+ .
Don’t forget that  is given we only have control over δ.

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 Problem 10 Evaluate limits,
√
2x(x−1)
• limx→1+ |x−1|
√
2x(x−1)
• limx→1− |x−1|

Solution : √
2x(x − 1) √ √
lim+ = lim+ 2x = 2
x→1 |x − 1| x→1
√
2x(x − 1) √ √
lim− = lim− − 2x = − 2
x→1 |x − 1| x→1

Hence the function is not continuous at x = 1.


sin x
Problem 11 Using limx→0 x
= 1, calculate the following limits:
1−cos θ
• limθ→0 sin 2θ

sin(sin h)
• limh→0 sin h

sin 3y cot 5y
• limy→0 y cot 4y

Solution :

• Recall the identity cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 1 − sin2 θ.

1 − cos θ 2 sin2 (θ/2) sin(θ/2) sin(θ/2) sin x

lim = lim − = lim − = − lim sin x = 0
θ→0 θ θ→0 θ θ→0 (θ/2) x→0 x

1 − cos θ 1 − cos θ θ 1 1 − cos θ θ

lim = lim = lim lim lim =0
θ→0 sin 2θ θ→0 2 cos θ sin θ θ θ→0 2 cos θ θ→0 θ θ→0 sin θ

We may apply the product rule since first limit equals to 21 , second limit equals to 0 and third limit is 1.

•
sin(sin h) sin x
lim = lim =1
h→0 sin h x→0 x

•
sin 3y cot 5y sin 3y cos 5y sin 4y (sin 3y)(cos 5y)5y(sin 4y) 12 12
lim = lim = lim =
y→0 y cot 4y y→0 y cos 4y sin 5y y→0 3y(cos 4y)(sin 5y)4y 5 5

Problem 12 Suppose that f is an odd function of x. Does knowing that limx→0+ f (x) = 3 tell you anything
about limx→0− f (x)?
Solution:
lim− f (x) = lim+ f (−x) = lim+ −f (x) = −3
x→0 x→0 x→0