Answer the following:

1. Elaine is in the business of repairing home computers. She charges a base fee of P50 for each
visit and Php 75 per hour for her labor. The total cost c(x) for a home visit and x hours of labor
is modeled by the function rule c(x) = 50 + 75x. Use the function rule to make a table of values.

c c(x)
0
1
2
3
4

2. The amount of rice cake mix to be used varies directly with the number of people who
partakes of this food. Suppose that it takes 7 cups of mix to serve 10 people.
7
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥)
10

a. How many cups of cake mix must be prepared for 50 people?

b. About how many people can be served with 14 cups of cake mix?

Lesson Representing Real-Life

1 Situations Using Functions

What have you remembered about relations and functions?

A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first elements of the ordered
pairs is called the domain of the relation, and the set of all second elements is called the
range.
A function is a relation or rule of correspondence between two elements (domain
and range) such that each element in the domain corresponds to exactly one element in the
range.
All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions.
Example 1: Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are functions?
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
The relations A and B are functions because each element in the domain corresponds to a
unique element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and D are not functions because they
contain ordered pairs with the same domain [C = (0,1) and (0,-1), D = (a,b) and (a,d)].

Example 2: Which of the following mapping diagrams represent functions?

Domain (x) Range (y)

A. 1 4
2 6

3 8

a x
b
B. y
z

Mark Karen
C.
Jun Dina
Roy
Nora

Relations A and C are functions because each element in the domain corresponds to a unique
element in the range. However, B is a mere relation and not a function because a domain
corresponds to more than one range.

Example 3. From the given table of values, which relations show a function?
A.
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 4 6 8 10
B.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -3 -1 1 3 5
C.
x -2 -1 0 1 -2
y 4 5 4 3 7
Tables A and B are functions since all the values of x correspond to exactly one value of y.
Unlike table C, where -2 corresponds to two values, 4 and 7.

The Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most
once

Example 4. Which of the following can be graphs of functions?

A. B.

C. D.

Graphs A and D are graphs of functions, while B and C are not because they do not pass
the vertical line test.

Functions as representations of real-life situations

Functions can often be used to model real-life situations. Identifying an appropriate functional
model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

Example 5:

A. Give a function M that can represent the cost of buying x meals if one meal costs P50.
Answer:
Since each meal costs P50, then the cost function is M(x) = 50x
 B. If distance D is a function of time t, give a function D representing the distance a car
travels in time (t), if every hour the car travels 60 kilometers.

Answer:

Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers; therefore, the distance function is given
by D(t) = 60t.

Piecewise Functions
A piecewise function is a function defined by two or more formulas on different parts of its
domain.

Look at these examples!

Example 6:

A. A user is charged Php 250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, including 200 free text
messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged Php1.00 each. Represent the monthly
cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent
in a month.

Answer:

250 , 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤ 200

𝑡(𝑚) = {
(250 + (𝑚 − 200) , 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 200

B. A jeepney ride costs Php8.00 for the first 2 kilometers, and each additional kilometer adds
Php 2.50 to the fare. Using a piecewise function represents the jeepney fare in terms of the
distance (d) in kilometers.

Answer:

8 , 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑑 ≤ 2
𝐹(𝑑) = {
8 + 2.50(𝑑 − 2) , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 > 2

In Mathematics, we can represent functions in different ways. It can be represented through

ordered pairs, tables, diagrams, graphs, and equations.