SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET in GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Name: ____________________________________ Section: ________________ Quarter 1: Week 1

FUNCTIONS
At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:
❑ represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.

Functions are all around us. Many of the equations used to describe real-life
relationships between two quantities are functions. In many situations in science,
business, and mathematics, a correspondence or a relationship exists between two sets of
objects, and from these correspondences or relationships, we can formulate the concept
of function.
Here are a few examples:
❖ Circumference of a Circle
A circle’s circumference is a function of its diameter. This can be represented
by the equation ( C=2𝜋𝑑) .
❖ A Shadow
The length of a person’s shadow on the floor is a function of his/her height.
❖ Money
The amount of money you have is a function of your time spent earning it.
RELATIONS and FUNCTIONS
A relation is a set of one or more ordered pairs. The domain of a relation is the set of the
first coordinates, while the range is the set of the second coordinates.
Illustrative Example #1:
The following are examples of relations:
a. {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)}
The domain is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and the range is {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
b. {(a, 5), (b, 10), (c, 15), (d, 20)}
The domain is {a, b, c, d} and the range is {5, 10, 15, 20}.
c. {(1, -1), (1, 1), (4, 2), (4, -2), (9, -3), (9, 3)}
The domain is {1, 4, 9} and the range is {-1, 1, -2, 2, -3, 3}.
❖ A function is a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to only
one element in the range. In the examples of relations above, numbers 1 and 2 are
functions because no two ordered pairs have the same first coordinates. Example
number 3, on the other hand, cannot be considered a function because (1, -1) and
(1, 1); (4, -2) and (4, 2); and
(9, -3) and (9, 3) are ordered pairs with the same first coordinates.

Function as a Machine
By convention, the x– variable is the input variable and that the value of the y–
variable is computed based on the value of the x– variable. Therefore, x is the
independent variable and y is the dependent variable. A relation is a function if for each
x– value there corresponds only one y– value.

Function Notation
To denote a function, we use the notation y=f(x)
The notation is read “y equals f of x” or “y is a function of x”

Functions can be represented in different ways: as a set of ordered pairs, as a mapping

or arrow diagram, as a table of values, as an equation, and as a graph.
 Relations can be represented by using ordered pairs, graph, table of values,
mapping diagram and rule or equations. Determine which of the following represents
functions.
1. Ordered Pairs
Example 1. Which of the following relations are functions?
𝑓=(1,3),(4,1),(2,0),(7,2)
𝑔=(3,2),(4,4),(3,3),(8,9)
ℎ=(1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5)
Solution:
The relations 𝑓 and ℎ are functions because no two ordered pairs have the same x-
value but different y-values. Meanwhile, 𝑔 is not a function because (3,2) and (3,3) are
ordered pairs with the same x-value but different y-values.
Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the elements of
the domain are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In this case, the
relation or function is represented by the set of all the connections represented by the
arrows.
2.

Solution.
The relations f and g are functions because each value y in Y is unique for a specific value of
x. The relation h is not a function because there is at least one element in X for which there
is more than one corresponding y-value. For example, 𝑥=2 corresponds to 𝑦 = 20 or 40.

3. Table of values
Example 2
 VERTICAL LINE TEST
The Vertical Line Test states that an equation defines a function if each vertical line
drawn in the rectangular coordinate system passes through at most one point on the
graph of the equation.
Example:
Use the vertical line test to determine whether the graphs below define a function.

Function Not Function

The first graph defines a function since the vertical line (red line) drawn intersecting
the graph intersects the graph at exactly one point. On the other hand, the second
graph does not define a function because the vertical line (red line) drawn
intersecting the graph intersects the graph at two points.
 PIECE WISE FUNCTION
Illustrative Example #1:
a. A user is charged PHP300 monthly for a mobile plan, which includes 100 free text
messages. Messages in excess f 100 are charged PHP1 each. Represent the monthly
cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is the number of messages
sent in a month.

b. A doctor’s fee is based on the length of time

· Up to 6 minutes costs PHP200
· Over 6 to 15 minutes costs PHP300
· Over 15 minutes costs PHP300 plus PHP25 per minute above 15 minutes
Write a piecewise function applying the given conditions.
Solution:
The doctor’s fee can be expressed by the piecewise function

EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:
· evaluate a function.

Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in the function with a value from the
function’s domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are evaluating f at a
for some a in the domain of f, we write f(a).

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS AND COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:
· perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions.
 PROBLEMS INVOLVING FUNCTIONS
At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:
· solve problems involving functions
FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATIONS OF REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS

Functions can often be used to model real-life situations. Identifying an appropriate

functional model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.
WRITTEN WORK # 1
Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5 & 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4, solve for 𝑔 ○ 𝑓(𝑥).
a. 11 − 6𝑥 c. 6𝑥 − 11
b. 6𝑥² − 7𝑥 − 20 d. 6𝑥² − 23𝑥 − 20
2. Given 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7, what is 𝑓(−2)?
a. 1 c. -13
b. -1 d. 13
3. The composite function denoted by 𝑓 ○ 𝑔 is defined by.
a. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) c. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)●𝑔(𝑥)
b. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) d. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)●𝑓(𝑥)
4. It is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value
but different y-values?
a. relation c. domain
b. function d. range
5. What is the domain of the equation, 𝑦=3𝑥²−4𝑥?
a. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹,𝒙<−𝟏} c. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹}
b. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹,𝒙≠𝟏} d. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹,𝒙≥𝟒}
6. Given 𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥−5 & 𝑔(𝑥)=3𝑥+4, solve for 𝑓●𝑔(𝑥)
a. 6𝑥²+23𝑥−20 c. 6𝑥²−20
b. 6𝑥²−23𝑥−20 d. 6𝑥²−7𝑥−20
7. If 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥+7 & 𝑔(𝑥)=2𝑥−3, what is 𝑓−𝑔(𝑥)
a. −𝑥+4 c. 𝑥−4
b. 10−𝑥 d. 10+3𝑥
8. To divide two fractions or rational expressions, multiply the dividend with the
________ of the divisor.
a. reciprocal c. abscissa
b. addend d. Theorem
9. The ___ of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.
a. domain b. equation c. range d. function
10. Which of the following set of ordered pairs in NOT a function?
a. (1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5) c. (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)
b. (1,2),(1,3),(3,6),(4,8 d. (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2)
11. A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the
graph at most _____.
a. once b. twice c. thrice d. all of the these
12. What is the domain of the function 𝑦=√𝑥−5 ?
a. {𝑥:𝑥∈𝑅,𝑥≥−5} c. {𝑥:𝑥∈𝑅,𝑥≥5}
b. {𝑥:𝑥∈𝑅,𝑥≤−5} d. {𝑥:𝑥∈𝑅,𝑥≤5}
13. The composite function denoted by 𝑓○𝑔 is defined by ___________.
a. 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑔(𝑥) c. 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))
b. 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) d. 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)
14. Given 𝑓(𝑥)=4𝑥²−3𝑥, what is 𝑓(−2)?
a. −22 c. 22
b. −10 d. 10
15. The quotient, denoted by 𝑓𝑔 , is the function denoted by (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) ,
excluding the values of x where 𝑔(𝑥)= _________.
a. 0 b. 1 c. Both a and c d. None of these

PERFORMANCE TASK # 1
Read and analyze each item carefully. Show your complete solutions on a separate
sheet of paper. (30 points)

A. Evaluate each function

1. f(x) = x + 2; find f(4)
2
2. g(x) = x -7; find g(6)
2
3. h(x) = x - 8x + 16; find h(-4)
B. Perform the indicated operation
4. If f(x) = 3x -2 and g(x) = x + 1, Find the following
a. (f+g)(x)
b. (f-g)(x)
c. (f•g((x)
𝑓
d. (𝑔)(𝑥)
e. (f○g)(x)
f. (g○f)(-1)
C. Solve the following problems involving functions.
5. Our favorite dog groomer charges according to your dog’s weight. If your
dog is under 30 kilograms, the groomer charges Php500. If your dog is between
30 and up to 80 kilograms, she charges Php650. If your dog is over 80 kilograms,
she charges Php800, plus an additional Php20 for each kilogram. Write a
piecewise function that describes what your dog groomer charges.
Name: __________________________ Section: __________________ Q1-Week 2
RATIONAL FUNCTION

Background Information:
In this lesson, you will explore and enhance your knowledge on another type of function which
is rational function. You will learn the concepts of rational equations and inequalities, as well. These
will help you understand better and appreciate rational function on its application to real life situations.
The table on how to distinguish among rational equations, rational inequalities and rational functions:

Rational Equation Rational Inequality Rational Function

A function of the form of f(x)=𝑝(𝑥)

𝑞(𝑥)
An equation involving An inequality involving where p(x) and q(x) are
Definition
rational expressions rational expressions polynomials, and q(x) is not the
zero function
2 2
2 3 1 5 2 𝑥 +2𝑥+3 𝑥 +2𝑥+3
Example - = ≤ f(x) = or y=
𝑥 2𝑥 5 𝑥−3 𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥+1

Representing a rational function through its table of values has something to do with evaluating
function. This concept of constructing the table of values of a rational function is very helpful when
sketching its graph and solving real life problems.

Example 1: In an intertown basketball league, the team from Tarlac City has won 12 out of 25 games,
a winning percentage of 48%. We have seen that they need to win 8 games consecutively to raise
their percentage to at least 60%. What will be their winning percentage if they win (a) 10 games in a
row? (b) 15? 20? 30? 50? 100 games?
Solution: Let x be the number of wins that Tarlac City needs to win in a row. Then the percentage p
is a function of the number of wins that the team needs to win. The function can be written as
p(x) = 12+𝑥 . Construct a table of values for p(x)
25+𝑥

x
10 15 20 30 50 100
wins

p(x) 0.63 0.68 0.71 0.76 0.83 0.90

percentage 63% 68% 71% 76% 83% 90%

To solve an equation or inequality in one variable such as x means to find all values of x for
which the equation or inequality is true.
Procedures for solving Rational Equations
To solve rational equations:
a. Eliminate denominators by multiplying each term of the equation by the least common
denominator.
b. Note that eliminating denominators may introduce extraneous solutions. Check the solutions
of the transformed equations with the original equation.
Example 2: Solve for x: 2 - 3 = 1
𝑥 2𝑥 5
Solution. The LCD of all denominators is 10x. Multiply both sides of the equation by 10x and solve
the resulting equation.
10x(2) - 10x( 3 ) = 10x(1) 20 – 15 = 2x 5 = 2x x=5
𝑥 2𝑥 5 2
Procedures for solving Rational Inequalities
To solve rational inequalities:
a. Use addition or subtraction to rewrite the inequalities as a single fraction on one side of the
inequality symbol and 0 on the other side.
b. Determine over what intervals the fraction takes on positive and negative values.
i. Locate the x-values for which the rational expression is zero or undefined (factoring the
numerator and denominator is a useful strategy).
ii. Mark the numbers found in (i) on a number line. Use a shaded circle to indicate that the
value is included in the solution set, and a hallow circle to indicate that the value is
excluded. These numbers partition the number line into intervals.
iii. Select a test point within the interior of each interval I (ii). The sign of the rational
expression at his test point is also the sign of the rational expression at each interior point
in the aforementioned interval.
iv. Summarize the intervals containing the solutions.

Example 3: Solve the inequality 2𝑥 ≥ 1.

𝑥+1
Solution. (a) Rewrite the inequality as a single fraction on one side, and 0 on the other side.
2𝑥 2𝑥−(𝑥+1) 𝑥−1
𝑥+1
–1≥0 𝑥+1
≥0 𝑥+1
≥0
(b) The value x = 1 is included in the solution since it makes the fraction equal to zero, while x = -1
makes the fraction undefined. Mark these on a number line. Use a shaded circle for x = 1 (a solution)
and an unshaded circle for x = -1 (not a solution)

-1 1
(c) Use convenient test points in the intervals determined by -1 and 1 to determine the sign of 𝑥−1 in
𝑥+1
these intervals. Construct a table of signs as shown below,

Interval x < -1 -1 < x < 1 x>1

Test Point x = -2 x=0 x=2

x–1 - - +

x+1 - + +

𝑥−1
+ - +
𝑥+1

(d) Since we are looking for the intervals where the fraction is positive or zero, we determine the
solution intervals to be x < -1 and x ≥ 1. Plot these intervals on the number line.

-1 1
The solution set is {x E R | x < -1 or x ≥ 1}. It can also be written as (-∞, -1) U (1, ∞).

Graphing Rational Function

Example 4. Consider the function f(x) = 𝑥 −2.
𝑥+2
(a) Find its domain, (b) intercepts, (c) sketch its graph and (d) determine its range.

Solution.
(a) The domain of f(x) is {x ∈ R | x ‡ −2}.
Explanation: Observe that the function is undefined at x = −2. This means that x = −2 is not part of
the domain of f(x). In addition, no other values of x will make the function undefined.

(b) The x-intercept of f(x) is 2 and its y-intercept is −1.

Explanation: Recall that the x-intercepts of a rational function are the values of x that will make the
function zero. A rational function will be zero if its numerator is zero. Therefore the zeroes of a rational
function are the zeroes of its numerator.
The numerator x − 2 will be zero at x = 2. Therefore x = 2 is a zero of f(x). Since it is a real zero, it is
also an x-intercept.
The y-intercept of a function is equal to f(0). In this case, f(0) = −2 = −1.
2

(c) The vertical line x = a is a vertical asymptote of a function f if the graph of f either increases or
decreases without bound as the x-values approach a from the right or left.
Finding the Vertical Asymptotes of a Rational Function
(1) Reduce the rational function to lowest terms by cancelling out the common factor/s in the
numerator and denominator.
(2) Find the values a that will make the denominator of the reduced rational function equal to zero.
(3) The line x = -2 is a vertical asymptote.

(d) The horizontal line y = b is a horizontal asymptote of the function f if f(x) gets closer to b as x
increases or decreases without bound (x → +∞ or x → −∞).
For extreme values of x, the value of x-2 can be approximated by x in the denominator. Thus, for
extreme values of x, then f(x) approaches can be approximated by 𝑥 = 1. This means that we have a
𝑥
horizontal asymptote at y=1.
(e) Construct the table of signs
Interval x < -2 -2 < x > 2 x>2

Test point x = -3 x=0 x=3

x-2 - - +

x+2 - + +
𝑥 −2
𝑥 +2 + - +

Graph above the x-axis below the x-axis above the x-axis

The actual sketch of the graph of y = x−2.

x+2
(e) From the graph of the rational function, we observe that the function does not cross the horizontal
asymptote. We also observe that the function increases and decreases without bound, and is
asymptotic to the line y = 1. Therefore only the value 1 is not included in the range of f(x). The range
of f(x) is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, +∞).

Learning Competencies:
• Represents real life situations using rational functions (M11GM-Ib-1)
• Distinguishes rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality (M11GM-Ib-2)
• Solves rational equations and inequalities (M11GM-Ib-3)
• Represents a rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation
(M11GM-Ib-4)
• Finds the domain and range of a rational function (M11GM-Ib-5

Directions/ Instructions: Read and understand the following problems carefully.

Exercises/activities may be answered with the help/guidance of family member(s) for better
understanding of the concept.
WRITTEN WORK # 2
A. Determine whether the given is Rational Function, a Rational Equation, a Rational Inequality,
or none of these. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 6x - 5 ≥0
𝑥+3
2. 8 –8= 𝑥
𝑥 2𝑥−1
3. 3√2− 𝑥 = 8
4. 𝑦 = 7x3 – 4x2 + 5
12 𝑥+6
5. <
√𝑥+6 12
7𝑥3−4√𝑥+1
6. 𝑦 =
𝑥2+3
7. x2 + 4x + 4 = 𝑥
𝑥+2
2𝑥−3
8. =y
4
5𝑥 𝑥
9. - = 23
𝑥−1 𝑥+1 𝑥 −1
2𝑥+3 6
10. >
𝑥−2 √𝑥+2

B. Multiple Choice. Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
15
1. Given a Rational Equation 12 = , solve for the value of x?
𝑥−3 𝑥+3
a. 17 b. 27 c. 11 d. 21
2. Given a Rational Inequality, 1 > 2, what are the possible values of x?
𝑋
a. {x ϵ ℝ / ×<0} b. { x ϵ ℝ / 0<x<1 } c. { x ϵ ℝ / x=1 } d. { x ϵ ℝ / x > 1 }
2 2 2
3 2
3. Solve for x: =
𝑥+1 𝑥−3
a. 11 b. 10 c. 9 d. 8
4. Solve for x: 12+𝑥 = 0.6
25+𝑥
a. 5.5 b. 6.5 c. 7.5 d. 8.5
5. Find the solution set for 𝑥+1 ≤ 2.
𝑥+3
a. (-∞, -3) U [2, ∞) c. (-∞, -5] U (-3, ∞)
b. [4, 2) U [3, ∞) d. (-∞, -2) U (2, 5)
 6. In an inter-barangay basketball league, the team from Barangay San Gavino has won 12 out
of 25 games, a winning percentage of 48%. What will be their winning percentage if they win
in the next 5 games?
a. 53% b. 55% c. 57% d. 59%
7. Which of the following will make 3 < 1 undefined?
𝑥−2 𝑥
a. -2 b. -1 c. 1 d. 2
8. Evaluate f(x) = 𝑥−1 for x = 1.
𝑥+1
a. Undefined b. 0 c. 1 d. 2
9. Ten goats were set loose in an island and their population growth can be approximated by the
function P(t) = 60 (𝑡+1) where P represents the goat population in year t since they were set
𝑡+6
loose. How many goats will there be after 5 years?
a. 17 b. 22 c. 27 d. 32

10. The net resistance (Rn) of an electrical circuit containing resistors R1, R2, and R3 in the parallel
1 1 1
is given by 1 = + +
𝑅𝑛 R1 R2 R3

If the net resistance is 10 ohms, what must be the resistance of the third resistor if the other
two resistors are 20 ohms and 40 ohms?
a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 40

PERFORMANCE TASK # 2
3𝑥2−8𝑥−3
Given f(x) = , find: (a)domain, (b)y-intercept(s), (c)x–intercept(s), (d)vertical
2𝑥2+7𝑥−4

asymptote(s), (e)horizontal asymptote(s), (f) table of signs and sketch the graph.

Rubric for Graphing of Rational Function

Criteria 1 2 3 Score

None of the Only one of the Both

Intercepts intercepts is intercepts is intercepts are
plotted plotted plotted
correctly correctly correctly

None of the Only one of the Both

Asymptotes asymptotes is asymptotes is asymptotes are
plotted plotted plotted
correctly correctly correctly

Two of One of
All of the
Table of signs the signs the signs
signs are
are is
correct
incorrect incorrect

The graph is
The graph is The graph is
correctly
sketched but sketched
sketched but
Actual Graph all points are correctly and
some points
plotted all points are
are plotted
incorrectly plotted
incorrectly
correctly
 GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Name: __________________________ ________________ Section: __________________ Q1-Week 3

The Intercepts, Zeroes, and Asymptotes of a Rational Function and Solving Problems
Involving Rational Functions, Equations, and Inequalities

Background Information for the Learners

A rational function can be represented through its graph. The behavior of the graph of a
rational function will lead you to knowing its different properties involving zeroes, intercepts, and
asymptotes.
Determining the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of a rational function are necessary to
understand its graph.

Definition: The x-intercept/s of a rational function are the value/s of 𝑥 that will make the
function zero. These values are also called the zeroes of the function.

Recall that a rational function is zero when the numerator is zero. Therefore, to find the x-
intercept/s of a rational function, set the numerator to be equal to zero and solve for 𝒙. In the
graph of a rational function, the x-intercept is the point where the graph of the function intersects the
x-axis.

Example 1: Find the x-intercept/s of the rational function

2𝑥−4
𝑓(𝑥) = .
𝑥+1
Solution:
The numerator of the function is 2𝑥 − 4. Solving
for 𝑥:
2𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑥 =2
Therefore, 𝑥 = 2 is the zero of the function. The x-intercept
will be the ordered pair (2, 0). The x-intercept of the
function is represented by the point along the graph
intersecting the x-axis (Figure 1). Figure 1

Definition: The y-intercept of a rational function is the value of the function at zero. That is,
evaluate 𝑓(0).

In the graph of a function, the y-intercept is the point where

the graph of the function intersects the y-axis. Figure 2

Example 2: Find the y-intercept of the rational function

2𝑥−4
𝑓(𝑥) = .
𝑥+1
Solution:
The value of the function at 0 is:
2(0) − 4 4
𝑓(0) = 0 + 1 = − = −4
1
 To find the vertical asymptotes of the rational function, follow these steps:
1. Simplify the rational function by cancelling out the common factors in the numerator and
the denominator.
2. Find the values 𝑎 where the denominator of the simplified function is zero.

Example 3: Determine the vertical asymptote/s of the rational

2𝑥−4
function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1.
Solution:
Since the rational function is already in simple form, next
is to find the value where the denominator is zero. That is:
𝑥+1=0
𝑥 = −1
Therefore, the vertical asymptote is the line 𝑥 = −1. The
vertical asymptote of the function is represented by the
vertical line passing through -1 (Figure 3).
Figure 3
As you can see from the graph, as 𝑥 → −1− (x approaches -1
from the left), 𝑓(𝑥) → ∞ or increases without bound. On the other hand, as 𝑥 → −1+ (x approaches
-1 from the right), 𝑓(𝑥) → −∞ or decreases without bound.

Definition: The horizontal asymptote of a rational function is the horizontal line 𝑦 = 𝑏 if the
graph of the function gets closer to 𝑏 as 𝑥 increases or decreases without bound.

To determine the horizontal asymptotes, we have the following summary:

Given the rational function

𝑎𝑥𝑛 + ⋯
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑏𝑥𝑚 + ⋯
where 𝑛 is the degree of the numerator and 𝑚 be the degree of the denominator, then:
1. If 𝑛 < 𝑚, then the horizontal asymptote is the line 𝑦 = 0 or the x-axis.
𝑎
2. If 𝑛 = 𝑚, then the horizontal asymptote is the line 𝑦 = , where 𝑎 is the leading
𝑏
coefficient of the numerator and 𝑏 is the leading coefficient of the denominator.
3. If 𝑛 > 𝑚, then there is NO horizontal asymptote.

2𝑥−4
Example 4: Determine the horizontal asymptote of the rational function 𝑓(𝑥) = .
𝑥+1

Solution:
The degree of the numerator and the denominator are both 1. Therefore, the horizontal
2
asymptote is the line 𝑦 = 2 = 2. The horizontal asymptote of the function is represented by the
In the previous lessons, you have learned to distinguish between rational equations, rational
inequalities, and rational functions. You also learned how to solve for rational equations and rational
inequalities. Rational equations, inequalities and functions can be used to solve many real-world
situations like problems involving variation, work, and distance. Here are some examples.

Example 5: A pool has two drainpipes. The large pipe can empty the pool in 8 hours while the small
pipe in 12 hrs. How long will it take for both pipes to empty the pool?

Solution:
Let 𝑡 be the number of hours it will take for both pipes to empty the pool.

Part emptied in an Part emptied by

Time, t
hour each pipe
1 1
Large pipe 8 𝑡 𝑡
8
1 1
Small pipe 𝑡 𝑡
12 12
The problem states that both pipes work at the same time. Thus, the sum of the parts of their work
1
done is equal to one. So, we have the following rational equation: 1 𝑡 + 𝑡 = 1.
8 12

Multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD which is 24. The resulting equation is:
3𝑡 + 2𝑡 = 24

Solving for 𝑡:
3𝑡 + 2𝑡 = 24
5𝑡 = 24
24
𝑡=
5
 Learning Competencies:
1. Determines the: (a) Intercepts, (b) zeroes, and (c) asymptotes of rational functions.
(M11GM-Ic-1)
2. Solves problems involving rational functions, equations, and inequalities. (M11GM-Ic-3)

WRITTEN WORK # 3
Complete the given table by identifying the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of the given
rational function. Write NONE if it does not exist.

Zero or x- Vertical Horizontal

Rational Function y-intercept
intercept Asymptote Asymptote
𝑥+3
1. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1

𝑥−5
2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2

2𝑥+6
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−3

4𝑥−6
4. 𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥+2

𝑥−2
5. 𝑓(𝑥) =
3𝑥+1

3𝑥
6. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+2

5𝑥
7. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2+5𝑥+6

10
8. 𝑓(𝑥) =
5𝑥+10
4
9. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2+3𝑥+2

𝑥x-5
−3𝑥−10
10. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2−6𝑥+5