Name of Learner: ______________________________________ Section: ________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS #1

General Mathematics

Learning Competency
M11GM-Ia-1 - represents real-life situations using functions, including piece –wise functions.
M11GM-Ia-2 – evaluates a functions
M11GM-Ia-3 – performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composite functions
M11GM-Ia-4 – solves problems real – life situation involving functions

Discussion/Examples
Write a Function Rule
A function rule such as cost = p + 0.08p is an equation that
describes a functional relationship.
If p is the price you pay for an item and 0.08 is the sales tax, the
function rule above is the cost of the item.
If you are given a table, usually you have to carefully examine the table
to see what the function rule is.
Sometimes, it is easy to get the rule. Other times, it is not so easy. It
may require some keen observation or using the concept of slope.

Example:Suppose you are washing your clothes at a laundromat.The table below shows the relationship between number of
loads and cost. Write a function rule showing the relationship between number of loads and cost.
Number of loads 1 2 3 4 5
Cost 3 6 9 12 15
First, show the relationship: Cost is 3 × number of loads. For instance, 2 × 3 = 6
Second, define: Let n be the number of loads
Let c be the cost.
Write the equation: c=3×n

EXERCISE#1
Now, it’s your turn. Write a function rule.
When diving in the ocean, you must consider how much pressure you will experience from driving a certain
depth. From the atmosphere, we experience 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi) and for every foot we drive
down into the ocean, we experience another 0.44 psi in pressure.
a. Write a function expressing how pressure changes depending on depth underwater.
b. How far can you dive without experiencing more than 58.7 psi of pressure on your body?
Process Questions:
1. How did you answer the problem above?
2. What concept did you use to solve the problem?
3. What might happen if you can’t be able to respond to the given situation?
4. How can challenging problems involving geometric figures be analyzed and solved?
Write your answer on a separate paper.

LESSON 1: Functions

Definition
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second set of values (called
the range).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦).
A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in the range by some rule.
A function is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-values.
Using functional notation, we can write (𝑥) = 𝑦, read as “𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑦.”
In particular, if (1, 2) is an ordered pair associated with the function f, then we say that (2) = 1.

Relations can be represented by using ordered pairs, graph, table of values, mapping diagram and rule or equations. Determine
which of the following represents functions.
1. Ordered Pairs
Example: Which of the following relations are functions?
Solution: The relations 𝑓 and ℎ are functions because no two ordered pairs have
the same x-value but different y-values. Meanwhile, 𝑔 is not a function because
(3,2) and (3, 3) are ordered pairs with the same x-value but different y values.
Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the
elements of the domain are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In
this case, the relation or function is represented by the set of all the connections
represented by the arrows.
2. Table of Values
Example:
A. x -3 -2 -1 0 1 3 4 Answer: Function. This is a many-to- one
y 10 5 2 1 2 5 6 correspondence.

B. Inspecting the abscissas in the table,

Answer: mere x 1 1 1 2 4 relation. This is a one- to- many correspondence. Looking at
the table, y there is duplication in the domain. The element “1” in x is
matched to 1 2 3 4 5 three elements in y
3. Mapping Diagrams
Example: Which of the following mapping diagrams represent functions?

Solution. The relations f and g are functions because each value y in Y is unique for a specific value of x. The relation h is not a
function because there is at least one element in X for which there is more than one corresponding yvalue. For example, 𝑥 = 2
corresponds to 𝑦 = 20 or 40.
A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by a graph in the Cartesian plane, and that a function passes the
vertical line test.

Example: Which of the following can be graphs of functions?

The Vertical Line Test
A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.

Solution. Graphs 2, 3, 4 are graphs of functions while 1 and 5 are not because they do not pass the vertical line test.

Important Concepts.
Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs and the second from the set of outputs.
Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value from the set of inputs.
The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.

EXERCISE#2
Identify the domain for each relation using set builder notation.
a. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2 b. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 d. 𝑦 = √𝑥 − 4 e. 𝑦 = 2𝑥+1
𝑥−1

Important Concepts
Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs and the second from the set of outputs.
Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value from the set of inputs.
The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.

Functions as representations of real-life situations.

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate functional model will lead to
a better understanding of various phenomena.

Example: Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal costs P40.
Solution: Since each meal costs P40, then the cost function is (𝑥) = 40𝑥.

Piecewise Functions
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the value of the independent
variable.

A. Writing Piecewise Functions

Maria rides a jeepney to go to the market which is 14 km away from her house. The fare rate is P8.00 for the first 4 km
and an additional P1.40 for every kilometre or a fraction of it thereafter. What mathematical model can be drawn out from the
given situation?
Solution:
Number of kilometers x Fare f (x) Relationship
First 4 km 8.00 f (4) = 8.00
5 km = ( 1 + 4 ) km 8.00 + 1.40 (5 – 4) f(4) = 8.00 +1.40 (5 – 4) = 9.40
6 km = ( 2 + 4) km 8.00 + 1.40 (6 – 4) f(6) = 8.00 +1.40 (6 – 4) = 10.80
x km = (x + 4 ) km 8.00 + 1.40 ( – 4) f(x) = 8.00 +1.40 (x – 4) = 2.40 + 1.40x
The model for this problem is given by rule:

8 if x < 4
f(x) = 2.4 + 1.40x if x >4

EXERCISE#3
A user is charged 𝑃300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess
of 100 are charged P1 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function 𝑡(𝑚), where m is the number of
messages sent in a month.

LESSON 2: Evaluation of a Function

Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in the function, in this case x, with a value from the
function's domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are evaluating 𝑓 at a for some 𝑎 in the
domain of f, we write (𝑎).
PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS: You need a good grasp of GEMDAS. GEMDAS is an acronym for the words Grouping symbols,
Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction. When asked to simplify two or more operations in one
algebraic/numerical expression, the order of the letters in GEMDAS indicates what to calculate first, second, third and so
on, until a simplified expression is achieved.

B. Evaluate each expression given the value(s) of the variable(s).

1. 3xy – 2x +5 when x=-1 and y=2 2. 2x2 -3x +4 when x=2
Solution: substitute the value of x and y Solution: substitute value of x
3(-1) (2) -2(-1) +5 = -6 +2 +5 = 1 2(2)2 -3(2) +4 = 2(4) -3(2) +4 = 6

3. 2x +5 when x=1 4. g(x) = x2 +1 if x < 0

x+3 x +1 if x > 0
Solution: substitute value of x Solution:
2(1) +5 = 7 if x < 0, let’s say x = -3
1+3 4 g(x) = x2 +1
g(-3) = (-3)2 +1 = 9 + 1= 10
*you can try other value for x less than zero
If x = 0
g(0) = 02 +1 = 1
If x > 0, let’s say x = 1
g(1) = 12 +1 = 2

EXERCISE#4
Evaluate the following functions at 𝑥 = 1.5:
a. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2 b. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 d. 𝑦 = √𝑥 − 4 e. 𝑦 = 2𝑥+1
𝑥−1

LESSON 3: Operations on Functions

PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS:
Basic knowledge of algebra is required such as simplifying expressions, factoring and the like.

RECALL: Addition and Subtraction

a. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both fractions.
b. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD.
Example: Find the sum of 𝟏/𝟑 and 𝟐/𝟓
Solution. The LCD of the two fractions is 15.

RECALL: Multiplication
a. Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of its prime factors.
b. Common factors in the numerator and denominator can be simplified as “1”.
c. Multiply the numerators together to get the new numerator.
d. Multiply the denominators together to get the new denominator.
Example: Find the product of 10/21 and 15/8 .
Solution. Express the numerators and denominators of the two
fractions into their prime factors. Multiply and simplify out common
factors in the numerator and the denominator to reduce the final
answer to lowest terms.
RECALL: Division
To divide two fractions or rational expressions, multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.
Example. Divide 2𝑥2+𝑥−6 and 𝑥2−2𝑥−8
2𝑥2+7𝑥+5 2𝑥2−3𝑥−20
Solution:

Definition.
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions.
1. Their sum, denoted by 𝑓+ , is the function denoted by
(𝒇+𝒈)(𝒙)=𝒇(𝒙)+𝒈(𝒙)
2. Their difference, denoted by 𝑓−𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝒇−𝒈)(𝒙)=𝒇(𝒙)−𝒈(𝒙)
3. Their product, denoted by 𝑓● , is the function denoted by
(𝑓●𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)●𝑔(𝑥)
4. Their quotient, denoted by 𝑓/ , is the function denoted by
 ACTIVITY #1

A. Evaluate the following expressions and functions according to the given conditions: (Write your answer in a separate pape)

a. f(1 ) b. f(-2 ) c. f(1/2 ) d. f(a ) e. f(a - b )

a. f(2) b. f(-2) c. f(-1) d. f(a-1) e. f(1/2)

a. f(-2) b. f(0) c. f(1/2) d. f(x+1) e. f(x2 + 2)

a. f(0) b. f(1) c. f(1/2) d. f(x/2) e. f(x2)

a. f(-3) b. f(0) c. f(2) d. f(3) e. f(5)

B. Perform the indicated operations:

C. Problem Solving
1. The sum of two numbers is 109. One number is one more than twice the other number. Find the two numbers
2. The sum of two numbers is 139. The smaller number is one less than one-third of the bigger number. Find the bigger
number
3. Cea deposited P50,000 in a bank that paid her P1,750 simple interest for one year. What is the rate of interest for this
deposit?
4. How much should Audree deposit in 7% simple interest paying bank to earn P24, 500 for one year?

PERFORMANCE TASK
 You wanted to join a booth fair, and you are aiming to get a profit that is twice as your capital. Your starting capital is
₱15,000.00. Make a financial plan for the booth that you will set up and the product that you will sell. You may use the sample
plan below:

FINANCIAL PLAN

Product: _________________________
Description of product: ________________________
Goal: _____________________________________
Capital: ₱15,000.00
Fixed Cost (Labor, Machineries, Expenses for the booth etc): _______
Variable Cost (Materials, Ingredients, etc): ____________
Profit function: ___________________
Prove that profit function will yield an amount that is twice the capital
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

Process Questions:
1. How did you answer the problem above?
2. What concept did you use to solve the problem?
3. What might happen if you can’t be able to respond to the given situation?
4. How can challenging problems involving functions be analyzed and solved?

Rubrics for the Task

Categories Excellent Fair Poor
3 2 1
Budgeting Excellent understanding in Some understanding in Little to no understanding in
creating a plan for spending creating a plan for spending creating a plan for spending
the money the money the money
Planning The goal set is achievable and The goal set is hard to achieve The goal set is not achievable
realistic and not realistic
Accuracy of Solution The computation in obtaining The computation in obtaining There is no attempt in
the desired profit using the the desired profit using the computing the desired profit
profit function is correct profit function has flaws using the profit function

Answer Key:
EXERCISE#1 EXERCISE#2
a. P(x) = 2116.8 + 63.4x (in lb/ft2 ) a. {x|x R}; b. {x|x R}; c. {x|x>-2, x<2}; d. {x|x> 4}; e. {x|x< 0}
b. x = 100 inches
EXERCISE#3 EXERCISE#4
t(m) = 300 if m=100 a. 2.5; b. 0.75; c. 1.8; d. √-2.5; e. 8
300 + 1(m) if m> 100

Prepared by SUBJECT TEACHERS:

Sgd Sgd Sgd Sgd

JOY D. ANTONIO MARK R. MAGLAQUE MIKE HENSON T. DIZON GIFT PAULENE L. GOMEZ

Checked by: Approved by:

MARK R. MAGLAQUE RONNIE G. CASTRO

Teacher III Master Teacher I
MATHEMATICS LAS/SLM Validator LAS/SLM Validator/ Overall Chaiman

Noted by:

ARIEL V. SICAL PhD

Principal II

Reference:
http://pauljorelsantos.weebly.com/g11-general-mathematics.html