DOC022.52.

80203

2100N
08/2012, Edition 2
User Manual
 Table of Contents
Specifications ..................................................................................................................................................................................5
General information .....................................................................................................................................................................6
Safety information ..............................................................................................................................................................................6
Use of hazard information ..................................................................................................................................................................6
Precautionary labels ..........................................................................................................................................................................6
Certification ........................................................................................................................................................................................7
Product overview ...............................................................................................................................................................................7
Product components ..........................................................................................................................................................................8
User interface ..................................................................................................................................................................................9
Startup ...............................................................................................................................................................................................10
Turn the instrument on .....................................................................................................................................................................10
Turn the keypad sound off (optional) ...............................................................................................................................................11
Standard operation ....................................................................................................................................................................11
Calibrate the turbidimeter with StablCal® Standards .......................................................................................................................11
Prepare the StablCal standards ................................................................................................................................................11
Calibration notes .......................................................................................................................................................................11
StablCal calibration procedure ..................................................................................................................................................12
StablCal standards storage ......................................................................................................................................................13
Using Gelex secondary standards ...................................................................................................................................................13
Gelex notes ...............................................................................................................................................................................13
Measure the Gelex stray light standard ....................................................................................................................................14
Measure the Gelex secondary turbidity standards ...................................................................................................................15
Calibration verification ..............................................................................................................................................................16
Optical system check ................................................................................................................................................................16
Prepare a sample cell ......................................................................................................................................................................16
Clean the sample cell ...............................................................................................................................................................17
Indexing a single sample cell ....................................................................................................................................................18
Matching sample cells ..............................................................................................................................................................20
Prepare dilution water ...............................................................................................................................................................21

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Table of Contents
Prepare the sample ..........................................................................................................................................................................22
Prepare a representative sample ..............................................................................................................................................22
Remove air bubbles from the sample .......................................................................................................................................22
Apply a vacuum .................................................................................................................................................................22
Use an ultrasonic bath .......................................................................................................................................................22
Apply heat ..........................................................................................................................................................................22
Prevent condensation on a sample cell ....................................................................................................................................23
Measure over-range samples ...................................................................................................................................................23
Sample dilution ..................................................................................................................................................................23
Turbidity measurement ....................................................................................................................................................................24
Measurement notes ..................................................................................................................................................................24
Turbidity measurement procedure ............................................................................................................................................25
Measurement techniques .................................................................................................................................................................26
Manual or automatic ranging ....................................................................................................................................................26
Signal averaging on or off .........................................................................................................................................................26
Ratio on or off ...........................................................................................................................................................................27
Using the air purge system .......................................................................................................................................................27
Using a flow cell ........................................................................................................................................................................28
Install a flow cell ................................................................................................................................................................28
Clean a flow cell assembly ................................................................................................................................................28
Flow cell maintenance .......................................................................................................................................................28
Flow cell operation .............................................................................................................................................................28
Flow cell storage ................................................................................................................................................................29
Using a manual flow cell ....................................................................................................................................................29
Use a cell adapter .....................................................................................................................................................................29
Install a cell adapter ...........................................................................................................................................................29
Remove a cell adapter .......................................................................................................................................................30
Connect to a printer or computer .....................................................................................................................................................30
Configure the printer output .............................................................................................................................................................30
Configure the RS232 connection .....................................................................................................................................................30
Configure a Citizen Model iDP 562RSL II printer .............................................................................................................................30
Computer (RS232) commands ........................................................................................................................................................31

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 Table of Contents
Advanced operation ..................................................................................................................................................................32
Calibrate the turbidimeter with formazin standards ..........................................................................................................................32
Prepare formazin standards .....................................................................................................................................................32
Calibration notes .......................................................................................................................................................................32
Formazin calibration procedure ................................................................................................................................................33
Making 4000-NTU formazin stock solution ...............................................................................................................................35
Calibrate the turbidimeter with user-selected formazin standards ...................................................................................................35
Prepare formazin standards – user selected ............................................................................................................................35
Change the calibration points ...................................................................................................................................................35
Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................................................................36
Clean the instrument ........................................................................................................................................................................36
Change the filter assembly ..............................................................................................................................................................36
Clean the filter assembly ..................................................................................................................................................................36
Replace the lamp .............................................................................................................................................................................36
Replace a fuse .................................................................................................................................................................................38
Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................................................................................................38
Error codes .....................................................................................................................................................................................38
Diagnostic codes ..............................................................................................................................................................................39
Delete calibration data .....................................................................................................................................................................39
Flashing 9s .......................................................................................................................................................................................40
Flashing 0s .......................................................................................................................................................................................40
Replacement parts and accessories ...............................................................................................................................40

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Table of Contents

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Specifications Specification Details

Specifications are subject to change without notice. Repeatability ±1% of reading or 0.01 NTU, whichever is greater
(under reference conditions)
Specification Details
Response time Signal averaging off: 6.8 seconds
Measurement method Nephelometric Signal averaging on: 14 seconds (when
10 measurements are used to calculate the average)
Regulatory Meets EPA Method 180.1
ASTM D7315 - Standard Test Method for Stabilization time Ratio on: 30 minutes after start-up
Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) Ratio off: 60 minutes after start-up
in Static Mode
ASTM D6655 - Standard Test Method for Reading modes Manual or auto range, signal averaging on or off, Ratio
Determination of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Static Mode on or off

Light source Tungsten filament lamp Power requirement 115–230 VAC, 50/60 Hz (automatic power selection)
28 W maximum
Measurement modes NTU, NEPH (Nephelo) and EBC
Pollution 2; II
Range NTU (Ratio on, manual range): 0–0.999, 0–9.99, 0– degree/installation
99.9, 0–4000 category
NTU (Ratio on, auto range): 0–4000 auto decimal
Protection Class 1
NTU (Ratio off): 0–40.0
Nephelo (Ratio on, manual range): 0–9.99, 0–99.9, 0– Operating conditions Temperature: 0 to 40 °C (32 to 104 °F)
26,800 Relative humidity: 0–90% at 25 °C, 0–75% at 40 °C,
Nephelo (Ratio on, auto range): 0–26,800 auto noncondensing
decimal Altitude: 2000 m (6560 ft) maximum
Nephelo (Ratio off): 0–268 Indoor use only
EBC (Ratio on, manual range): 0–0.999, 0–9.99, 0–
99.9, 0–980 Storage conditions –40 to 60 °C (–40 to 140 °F), instrument only

EBC (Ratio on, auto range): 0–980 auto decimal Interface RS232C serial interface by way of DB9 subminiature
EBC (Ratio off): 0–9.8 D-shell connector for data output to computer or
printer, and data input (command). No handshaking.
Accuracy1, 2 Ratio on: ±2% of reading plus 0.01 NTU from 0–
1000 NTU, ±5% of reading from 1000–4000 NTU Air purge Dry nitrogen or instrument grade air (ANSI MC 11.1,
based on formazin primary standard 1975)
Ratio off: ±2% of reading plus 0.01 NTU from 0– 0.1 scfm at 69 kPa (10 psig); 138 kPa (20 psig)
40 NTU (under reference conditions3) maximum
Hose barb connection for 1/8-inch tubing
Resolution Turbidity: 0.001 NTU/EBC, Nephelo (on lowest range)

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Specification Details Safety information
Sample cells Round cells 95 x 25 mm (3.74 x 1 in.) borosilicate NOTICE
glass with rubber-lined screw caps
Note: Smaller sample cells (less than 25 mm) can be used The manufacturer is not responsible for any damages due to misapplication or
when a cell adapter is used. misuse of this product including, without limitation, direct, incidental and
consequential damages, and disclaims such damages to the full extent permitted
Sample requirements 25 mm sample cell: 20 mL minimum under applicable law. The user is solely responsible to identify critical application
0 to 95 °C (32 to 203 °F) risks and install appropriate mechanisms to protect processes during a possible
equipment malfunction.
Note: Refer to Use a cell adapter on page 29 for the minimum
sample size when not using a 25 mm sample cell.
Please read this entire manual before unpacking, setting up or operating
Enclosure High-impact polycarbonate plastic this equipment. Pay attention to all danger and caution statements.
Failure to do so could result in serious injury to the operator or damage
Dimensions 30.5 x 40 x 15.6 cm (12.0 x 15.7 x 6.1 in.) to the equipment.
Weight 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) Make sure that the protection provided by this equipment is not impaired.
Do not use or install this equipment in any manner other than that
Certification CE, cETLus specified in this manual.
1 Turbidity specifications identified using USEPA filter assembly, recently
prepared formazin standard and matched 1-inch sample cells. Use of hazard information
2 Intermittent electromagnetic radiation of 3 volts/meter or greater may cause
slight accuracy shifts. DANGER
3 Reference conditions: 0–40 °C, 0–90% RH noncondensing at 25 °C,
Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
115/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz
result in death or serious injury.

General information WARNING

In no event will the manufacturer be liable for direct, indirect, special, Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury.
incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defect or
omission in this manual. The manufacturer reserves the right to make
changes in this manual and the products it describes at any time, without CAUTION
notice or obligation. Revised editions are found on the manufacturer’s Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in minor or moderate
website. injury.

NOTICE
Indicates a situation which, if not avoided, may cause damage to the instrument.
Information that requires special emphasis.

Precautionary labels
Read all labels and tags attached to the instrument. Personal injury or
damage to the instrument could occur if not observed. A symbol, if noted

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on the instrument, will be included with a danger or caution statement in protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated
the manual. in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
This symbol, if noted on the instrument, references the instruction accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference
manual for operation and/or safety information. to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at their expense. The following
Electrical equipment marked with this symbol may not be disposed of techniques can be used to reduce interference problems:
in European public disposal systems after 12 August of 2005. In
conformity with European local and national regulations (EU Directive 1. Disconnect the equipment from its power source to verify that it is or
2002/96/EC), European electrical equipment users must now return is not the source of the interference.
old or end-of-life equipment to the Producer for disposal at no charge
to the user. 2. If the equipment is connected to the same outlet as the device
Note: For return for recycling, please contact the equipment producer or supplier experiencing interference, connect the equipment to a different
for instructions on how to return end-of-life equipment, producer-supplied outlet.
electrical accessories, and all auxiliary items for proper disposal.
3. Move the equipment away from the device receiving the interference.
4. Reposition the receiving antenna for the device receiving the
Certification interference.
Canadian Radio Interference-Causing Equipment Regulation, 5. Try combinations of the above.
IECS-003, Class A:
Supporting test records reside with the manufacturer.
Product overview
This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian The 2100N laboratory turbidimeter measures turbidity in NTUs
Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations. (nephelometric turbidity units), NEPs (nephelos) and EBCs (European
Brewing Convention units). NEPs and EBCs are calculated using the
Cet appareil numèrique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du conversion factors of 6.7 nephelos per 1.0 NTU and 0.245 EBCs per
Rëglement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada. 1.0 NTU.
FCC Part 15, Class "A" Limits The turbidimeter has an RS232 output for connection to a printer, data
Supporting test records reside with the manufacturer. The device logger or computer.
complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following conditions:

1. The equipment may not cause harmful interference.

2. The equipment must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.

Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by

the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to
operate the equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to
comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of
the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable

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Figure 1 Front overview Product components
Refer to Figure 3 to make sure that all components have been received.
If any of these items are missing or damaged, contact the manufacturer
or a sales representative immediately.

Figure 3 Instrument components

1 Keypad 4 Cover for the sample cell

compartment
2 Sample cell holder 5 Five-digit LED display
3 Light shield

Figure 2 Back overview

1 2100N turbidimeter 6 StablCal® Calibration kit

2 USEPA filter assembly 7 Gelex® secondary turbidity
standardization kit1
3 Oiling cloth 8 Dust cover
1 Power cord connector 4 DB9 connector for RS232 cable
4 Six 1" sample cells (30 mL) with 9 Power cord
2 Fuse holder 5 Air purge fitting caps
3 Power switch 6 Lamp access cover 5 Silicone oil
1 Supplied with 4700000 only.

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User interface Table 1 Key descriptions (continued)
Key Description
Figure 4 Keypad
Turns Ratio on or off.

Turns signal averaging on or off.

Sends the data that is on the display to a printer or computer.

Sends a calibration data report to a printer or computer when in
Calibration mode. Sends diagnostic results to a printer or computer
if held down when the instrument is turned on. Provides a print of
the setup commands when in Setup mode.

Starts or completes a calibration.

1 ENTER key 5 RATIO key
2 EDIT (arrow) keys 6 SIGNAL AVG key
3 RANGE key 7 PRINT key
4 UNITS/Exit key 8 CAL key

Table 1 Key descriptions

Key Description

Enters the value on the display. Starts the measurement of a

calibration standard. Clears data from the buffer.

Changes the numbers and/or letters on the display. Steps through

the calibration standards. The right arrow key moves the cursor to
the previous or next digit.

Selects automatic or manual ranging.

Selects the unit of measure. Exits Calibration without saving

changes.

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Figure 5 Indicator lights Table 2 Light descriptions (continued)
Light Description

Illuminated when the instrument light source is on.

Flashes when there is not sufficient light for measurement.

Manual Illuminated when the instrument is in manual ranging mode.

Range

Auto Illuminated when the instrument is in auto ranging mode.

Range

CAL? Turns on during a calibration if the calibration data is not within the
acceptable range.
Flashes when the instrument should be calibrated.
Note: The CAL? light applies when the USEPA filter and a 25-mm sample cell are
used. Ignore the CAL? light if illuminated during calibration when a different filter
or a smaller sample cell is used. Push UNITS/Exit to start measurements.

RATIO Illuminated when Ratio is on.

SIGNAL Illuminated when signal averaging is on.

AVG
1 NEPH light 6 Auto Range light S0–S4 Show the current calibration point standard that is in use during
2 EBC light 7 CAL? light calibration.

3 NTU light 8 RATIO light

4 Lamp light 9 SIGNAL AVG light Startup
5 Manual Range light 10 S0–S4 lights
Turn the instrument on
Table 2 Light descriptions
Light Description 1. Put the instrument on a stable, level surface that is free of vibration.
Do not put in direct sunlight.
NEPH Illuminated when the instrument is set for NEPH (nephelo) unit of
2. Make sure that there is air circulation around the instrument. Keep
measure.
the back and area below the instrument free of material that could
EBC Illuminated when the instrument is set for EBC unit of measure. decrease air flow through the vents.
NTU Illuminated when the instrument is set for NTU unit of measure. 3. Connect the power cord to the power plug on the back of the
instrument.
4. Connect the power cord to a power socket with ground contact.

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5. Push the power switch on the back of the instrument to turn the Prepare the StablCal standards
instrument on. When received and at intervals:

Turn the keypad sound off (optional) 1. Clean the exterior surface of the StablCal vials with laboratory glass
cleaning detergent.
By default, the instrument makes an audible sound when a key is
2. Rinse the vials with distilled or deionized water.
pushed. To turn the keypad sound off:
3. Dry the vials with a lint-free cloth.
1. Push and hold down the right arrow key for 3 seconds. Note: Never shake or invert the < 0.1 NTU standard. If the standard has been
2. Use the arrow keys to select 00. mixed or shaken, do not move the vial for 15 minutes or more before using.
3. Push ENTER. Note: Do not remove the caps from the sealed vials.
4. Use the arrow keys to select the sound option: Make sure that the StablCal standards are at ambient instrument
temperature before use (and no greater than 40 °C (104 °F)).
Option Description
Mix the standards before use:
bP on An audible sound is made when a key is pushed.
1. Open the case lid. Remove the < 0.1 NTU standard from the plastic
bP oF No sound is made when a key is pushed. case.
5. Push ENTER. 2. Leave the other standards in the case. Close the case lid.
3. Shake the case vigorously for at least 10 seconds.
4. Let the standards stand with no movement for 3–5 minutes before
Standard operation use.
Calibrate the turbidimeter with StablCal® Standards Calibration notes
Calibrate the turbidimeter before it is used for the first time using the • Make sure that the instrument is in the same ambient conditions as
StablCal® sealed vial standards provided. As an alternative, calibration where it is used.
can be done with recently prepared formazin standards. Refer to
• Make sure that the standards are at the same ambient temperature as
Calibrate the turbidimeter with formazin standards on page 32.
the instrument before use.
Calibrate the turbidimeter at least every 3 months or as specified by the • Use only the provided silicone oil. This silicone oil has the same
regulating authority when data is used for USEPA reporting. refractive index as the vial glass and masks minor glass differences
The instrument is ready for calibration 60 minutes after start-up. Keep and scratches.
the instrument on 24 hours a day if the instrument is used regularly. • Store the oiling cloth in a plastic storage bag to keep the cloth clean.
Note: Unknown results may occur if standards other than the recommended • If power is lost during calibration, the new calibration data is lost and
calibration points are used. The recommended calibration points (< 0.1, 20, 200, the last calibration data is used. To exit a calibration and not save the
1000 and 4000 NTU) provide the best calibration accuracy. Use of standards other new values, push UNITS/Exit.
than StablCal, or user-prepared formazin, may result in less accurate calibrations.
The manufacturer cannot guarantee the performance of the instrument if calibrated • In Calibration mode, automatic range and signal averaging on are
with co-polymer styrenedivinylbenzene beads or other suspensions. selected. When calibration is completed, all operational modes go
back to the last settings.

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• All nephelometric (turbidity units of measure) calibrations are done at • Clean the USEPA filter assembly before doing a primary calibration,
the same time. or at least every 3 months (which is the USEPA-recommended
• Ratio-on and Ratio-off calibration data is measured and recorded at primary calibration interval).
the same time.
StablCal calibration procedure

1. Remove the filter 2. Clean the lens of the 3. Hold the tab of the 4. Push CAL. 5. Get the < 0.1 NTU 6. Apply a small bead
assembly. Refer to USEPA filter assembly. USEPA filter assembly The S0 light turns on. vial. Clean the vial with of silicone oil from the
Change the filter Refer to Clean the filter so that the arrows point The NTU value of the a soft, lint-free cloth to top to the bottom of the
assembly on page 36. assembly on page 36. toward the front of the dilution water used in remove water spots and vial.
instrument. Push the the last calibration is fingerprints. Do not
filter assembly fully in shown on the display. invert the vial.
the housing.

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7. Use the oiling cloth 8. Put the vial in the 9. Push ENTER. 10. Remove the vial 11. Do steps 5–10 for 12. Push CAL.
to apply the oil equally sample cell holder with The instrument display from the sample cell the other StablCal vials The instrument saves
to the surface of the the triangle on the vial counts down, then holder. (from lowest to highest the new calibration data
vial. Remove the aligned with the measures the standard. NTU standard). and goes back to
excess oil. Make sure reference mark on the The S0 light turns on Measurement mode.
that the vial is almost sample cell holder. The next expected
standard (e.g., 20.00) is after the last vial is
dry. Close the cover. measured.
shown. The S1 light
turns on.

StablCal standards storage instrument due to small differences in glass and instrument optical
systems.
• Do not move a StablCal standard to a different container for storage. • Do not keep a Gelex vial in the instrument for more time than is
Keep StablCal standards in the plastic case provided with the cover necessary to complete measurement. The heat from the lamp can
closed. change the turbidity value of a Gelex vial.
• Store at 5 to 25 °C (41 to 77 °F). • Keep the Gelex standards at room temperature. Do not let Gelex
• For long-term storage (more than one month between use), keep at standards freeze or become warmer than 50 °C (122 °F). High
5 °C (41 °F). temperatures may cause Gelex suspensions to divide.
• Make sure that the Gelex standards are at ambient instrument
Using Gelex secondary standards temperature before measurement.
The Gelex secondary standards are used when a calibration check or an
optical system check is done. Refer to Calibration verification
on page 16 and Optical system check on page 16.
Gelex notes
• Measure the Gelex secondary standards on the instrument on which
they will be used. The measured values can only be used for one

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Measure the Gelex stray light standard
Measure the Gelex stray light standard when the instrument is first received. Record the value on the Gelex vial with a permanent marker one time.

1. Clean the stray light 2. Apply a small bead 3. Use the oiling cloth 4. Push RANGE to 5. Push SIGNAL AVG 6. Push UNITS/Exit to
standard with a soft, of silicone oil from the to apply the oil equally select automatic to turn signal averaging select the NTU
lint-free cloth to remove top to the bottom of the to the surface of the ranging. off. measurement mode.
water spots and vial. vial. Remove the The Auto Range light The SIGNAL AVG light The NTU light turns on.
fingerprints. excess oil. Make sure turns on. turns off.
that the vial is almost
dry.

7. Push RATIO to turn 8. Put the stray light 9. Read the value 10. Record the value
Ratio mode on. standard in the sample when stable. Remove on the white diamond
cell holder with the the vial from the space on the vial using
triangle on the vial instrument. a permanent marker.
aligned with the
reference mark on the
sample cell holder.
Close the cover.

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Measure the Gelex secondary turbidity standards
Measure the Gelex secondary turbidity standards each time the instrument is calibrated and record the new values on the Gelex vials with a water
soluble marker.

1. Clean the Gelex 2. Apply a small bead 3. Use the oiling cloth 4. Push RANGE to 5. Push SIGNAL AVG 6. Push UNITS/Exit to
vials with a soft, lint-free of silicone oil from the to apply the oil equally select automatic to turn signal averaging select the NTU
cloth to remove water top to the bottom of the to the surface of the ranging. off. measurement mode.
spots and fingerprints. vial. vial. Remove the The Auto Range light The SIGNAL AVG light The NTU light turns on.
excess oil. Make sure turns on. turns off.
that the vial is almost
dry.

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7. Push RATIO to 8. Put the 0–2 NTU 9. Read the value 10. Record the value 11. Do steps 7–10 for
select Ratio on or off. Gelex vial in the sample when stable. Remove on the white diamond the other Gelex vials
Ratio must be on for cell holder with the the vial from the space on the vial using (but not the stray light
Gelex standards triangle on the vial instrument. a water soluble marker. standard). Measure
greater than 40 NTU. aligned with the Record on the vial if from lowest to highest
For the 0–2 and 0– reference mark on the Ratio was on or off NTU.
20 NTU Gelex sample cell holder. when the vial was
standards, select the Close the cover. measured.
Ratio function that the
instrument will operate
in.

Calibration verification Optical system check

At intervals, measure the Gelex secondary turbidity standard that is At intervals, measure the Gelex stray light standard to inspect the
closest in value to the turbidity range to be measured. Do the steps in integrity of the optical system. Do the steps in Measure the Gelex stray
Measure the Gelex secondary turbidity standards on page 15, but do not light standard on page 14, but do not change the value that is recorded
change the value that is recorded on the vial. on the vial.
Turn Ratio on if the Gelex vial is greater than 40 NTU. Select the Ratio If the value measured is similar to the value recorded on the Gelex stray
setting recorded on the Gelex vial for vials less than 40 NTU. light standard (within ±0.02 NTU), the instrument works correctly. If not,
If the measured value is within ±5% of the value recorded on the Gelex contact Customer Service.
vial, calibration is verified. If not, calibrate the instrument.
Note: The StablCal® primary turbidity standards can also be used to do a Prepare a sample cell
calibration check. Prepare the StablCal vials before use. Refer to Prepare the Use a clean sample cell(s) for sample measurement.
StablCal standards on page 11. Do not use the < 0.1 NTU StablCal vial as it does
not have an accurately identified NTU value. The instrument is calibrated if the Note: As an alternative, a flow cell can be used for sample measurement. Refer to
measured value is within ±5% of the StablCal value. Using a flow cell on page 28.

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Clean the sample cell 2. Fully rinse the sample cell many times with distilled or deionized
water.
CAUTION 3. Clean the internal and external surfaces of the sample cell and cap
with 1:1 hydrochloric acid.
Chemical exposure hazard. Obey laboratory safety procedures and 4. Fully rinse the sample cell many times with distilled or deionized
wear all of the personal protective equipment appropriate to the water.
chemicals that are handled. Refer to the current material safety data
Note: If the sample cell will be used to measure low range turbidity samples or
sheets (MSDS) for safety protocols.
dilution water, rinse with dilution water (not distilled or deionized water). Refer
to Prepare dilution water on page 21.
5. Dry the external surface of the sample cell with a soft, lint-free cloth.
NOTICE
6. Fill the sample cell with distilled or deionized water.
Do not air dry the sample cells. Always store the sample cells with caps on to
prevent the cells from drying. For storage, fill the sample cell with distilled or Note: If the sample cell will be used to measure low range turbidity samples or
demineralized water. dilution water, fill the sample cell with dilution water (not distilled or deionized
water).

1. Clean the internal and external surfaces of the sample cell and cap 7. Immediately put the cap on the sample cell.
with a laboratory glass cleaning detergent. Note: Hold the sample cell by the top only to minimize dirt and fingerprints.

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Indexing a single sample cell
When measuring very low turbidity samples, use a single indexed sample cell or a flow cell for all measurements to get precise and repeatable
measurements. As an alternative, optically matched sample cells can be used. Refer to Matching sample cells on page 20. Matched sample cells do
not provide as good of accuracy and precision as a single indexed sample cell that is used for every measurement or a flow cell.

1. Rinse a clean, 2. Clean the sample 3. Apply a small bead 4. Use the oiling cloth 5. Put the sample cell 6. Remove the sample
empty sample cell two cell with a soft, lint-free of silicone oil from the provided to apply the oil in the sample cell cell, turn it about 1/8 of a
times with dilution water cloth to remove water top to the bottom of the equally to the surface of holder. Close the cover. turn and put it in the
and drain to waste. Fill spots and fingerprints. sample cell. the sample cell. Record the value when sample cell holder
the sample cell to the Remove the excess oil. stable. again. Close the cover.
line (about 30 mL) with Make sure that the Record the value when
dilution water and sample cell is almost stable.
immediately put the cap dry.
on the sample cell.
Refer to Prepare
dilution water
on page 21.
Let the sample cell sit
for at least five minutes
to degas.

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7. Repeat step 6 until 8. Put an orientation
the lowest value is mark on the marking
shown on the display. band near the top of the
sample cell where the
lowest value is shown.

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Matching sample cells
To decrease the effects that optical differences among sample cells can have on turbidity measurements, measure samples in matched sample cells. It
may not be possible to match all sample cells due to the differences in glass.

1. Rinse two or more 2. Clean the sample 3. Apply a small bead 4. Use the oiling cloth 5. Put the first sample 6. Remove the sample
clean, empty sample cells with a soft, lint-free of silicone oil from the provided to apply the oil cell in the sample cell cell, turn it about 1/8 of a
cells two times with cloth to remove water top to the bottom of the equally to the surface of holder. Close the cover. turn and put it in the
dilution water and drain spots and fingerprints. sample cells. the sample cells. Record the value when sample cell holder
to waste. Fill the Do not invert the Remove the excess oil. stable. again. Close the cover.
sample cells to the line sample cell. Make sure that the Record the value when
(about 30 mL) with sample cells are almost stable.
filtered dilution water dry.
and immediately put the
cap on the sample cell.
Refer to Prepare
dilution water
on page 21.
Let the sample cell sit
for at least five minutes
to degas.

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7. Repeat step 6 until 8. Record the value. 9. Put the second 10. Remove the 11. Repeat step 12. Put an orientation
the lowest value is Put an orientation mark sample cell in the sample cell, turn it 10 until the value mark on the marking
shown on the display. on the marking band sample cell holder. about 1/8 of a turn and matches the first band near the top of the
near the top of the Close the cover. put it in the sample cell sample cell value within sample cell where the
sample cell. Record the value when holder again. Close the ±0.005 NTU. lowest value is shown.
stable. cover.
Record the value when
stable.

13. Do steps 9–
12 again as necessary
to match the other
sample cells prepared
in steps 1–4.

Prepare dilution water 2. Measure the turbidity of the water using the turbidimeter. Refer to
Dilution water is used when indexing a sample cell or matching sample Turbidity measurement on page 24.
cells and to prepare formazin standards. 3. If the turbidity of the water is greater than 0.5 NTU, filter the water
using the sample filtration and degassing kit. Refer to the user
1. Collect at least 1000 mL of high-quality, low-turbidity water (i.e., instructions provided with the sample filtration and degassing kit.
distilled, demineralized or deionized water or filtered tap water).

English 21
Prepare the sample Apply a vacuum
Apply a vacuum with any available, clean, oil-free vacuum source, such
Proper sampling techniques are important to get accurate as the sample degassing kit, or an electric or hand-operated pump
measurements. equivalent to those in Accessories on page 40. The vacuum lowers the
Prepare a representative sample atmospheric pressure above the sample letting trapped gas bubbles exit.
A representative sample accurately reflects the true condition of Vacuum works well with samples that are not viscous, such as water,
the water source from which the sample was taken. and do not contain volatile components. Application of vacuum to
viscous, volatile samples (i.e., paint resins) may cause volatile
To prepare a representative sample: components to come out of solution, and increase the bubbles.
• Gently but fully mix every sample before collecting aliquots (sample
portions). Mix by gentle inversion only. Do not shake. Use an ultrasonic bath
An ultrasonic bath removes gas bubbles from most samples, especially
• When collecting a sample from a water tap in a distribution system or
viscous liquids. The time necessary to remove bubbles may be a few
treatment plant, turn the water on for at least five minutes, then collect
seconds to a minute or more.
the sample.
• When collecting a sample from a body of water (e.g., a stream or To identify the time necessary for ultrasonic treatment:
storage tank), collect at least one liter (1 quart) and fully mix before 1. Apply ultrasound to the sample for a short period of time, then
taking an aliquot for measurement. If the quality of the sample source measure turbidity. Record the value and the treatment time.
is not constant, collect samples at many locations at different depths
as necessary. Then, mix the samples together to prepare one sample 2. Do step 1 again until there is no change in the turbidity of the
for measurement. sample.
Note: In some instances, the use of ultrasound may divide gas bubbles and make
Remove air bubbles from the sample them more difficult to remove.
If readings are not stable, air bubbles may be the cause. Remove air or To use an ultrasonic bath:
other gases from the sample before measurement even if no bubbles
can be seen. 1. Fill a clean sample cell with sample. Do not put the cap on the
The methods typically used for degassing are: sample cell.
• Let the sample stand for several minutes 2. Put 1/2 to 2/3 of the sample cell into the ultrasonic bath and let it stand
until visible bubbles are removed.
• Apply a vacuum
• Use an ultrasonic bath 3. Remove the sample cell from the ultrasonic bath and put the cap on.
• Apply heat 4. Fully dry the sample cell.

Let the samples stand for several minutes, then gently invert two or three Apply heat
times before measurement.
In some cases, more than one method may be necessary to remove
CAUTION
bubbles (e.g., the use of heat with an ultrasonic bath may be necessary Make sure that the cap on the sample cell is loose. Increasing the temperature of
in some severe conditions). Use care with these methods as sample a tightly-capped sample cell may cause an explosion. More caution should be
turbidity can be changed if these methods are not used correctly. taken when increasing the temperature of volatile compounds.

22 English
If possible, do not use heat to accelerate degassing. Heat may change When too much light is absorbed by the sample, the lamp icon on the
the properties of the suspended particles and cause volatile components instrument display flashes.
to come out of the solution.
Gentle heat may be used to remove bubbles from very viscous samples Sample dilution
when used with vacuum or ultrasound. If applying heat to the sample is Use filtered sample, deionized water or distilled water for sample
necessary, do so only as much as is necessary to complete degassing. dilution. Measure sample dilutions soon after they are prepared.
Before measurement, decrease the temperature of the sample to the To prepare filtered sample, use the sample filtration and degassing kit.
initial temperature, then gently invert the sample. Refer to the user instructions provided with the sample filtration and
Prevent condensation on a sample cell degassing kit.
Condensation may occur on the outside of the sample cell when If the filters in the sample filtration and degassing kit plug quickly, use a
measuring a cold sample in a warm, humid environment. This standard 47 mm filtration apparatus shown in Figure 6 with a membrane
condensation or fogging of the sample cell interferes with turbidity filter or use a glass-fiber filter. Refer to Accessories on page 40.
measurement. After dilution and measurement, calculate the actual turbidity as follows:
To prevent condensation:
1. Calculate the total volume:
• Make sure that the outside of the sample cell is dry before Total volume = sample + dilution water
measurement.
Example: 20 mL of sample and 80 mL of dilution water
• Use the air purge system as necessary. Refer to Using the air purge
system on page 27. Total volume = 20 mL + 80 mL = 100 mL
• If condensation occurs while using the air purge system, warm the 2. Calculate the dilution factor:
sample slightly. Let the sample sit at room temperature or partially put Dilution factor = total volume ÷ sample volume
the sample into a warm water bath for a short time. Gently invert the
Example: Dilution factor = 100 ÷ 20 = 5
sample cell before measurement.
3. Calculate the actual turbidity:
Note: Warming may change the sample turbidity. Measure the sample without
warming when possible.
Actual turbidity = measured value × dilution factor
Example: Measured value = 2450 NTU
Measure over-range samples
Actual turbidity = 2450 × 5 = 12,250 NTU
The nephelometric method of turbidity measurement depends on light
scattering from suspended particles. If turbidity is very high, significant
amounts of light may be absorbed by the particles, and little light is
available for scattering. This results in a negative interference causing
the measured turbidity to be lower than the actual turbidity. This
condition is called “going blind”.
Methods used to prevent the instrument from going blind include:

• Turn Ratio on. Ratio on mode decreases the effects of light absorbing
particles, color, absorbance and high turbidity interferences.
• Sample dilution. Refer to Sample dilution on page 23.

English 23
 Figure 6 Prepare filtered sample using membrane or glass-fiber Measurement notes
filter Proper measurement techniques are important in minimizing the effects
of instrument variation, stray light and air bubbles. For accurate and
repeatable measurements:
Instrument

• Make sure that the instrument is on a level, stationary surface that is

free of vibration during the measurement.
• The USEPA filter assembly is required for turbidity measurements
reported for United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) or National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits.
• Turn the instrument on 30 minutes (Ratio on) or 60 minutes (Ratio off)
before measurement. Keep the instrument on 24 hours a day if the
instrument is used regularly.
• Always close the sample compartment lid during measurement,
calibration and storage.
• Remove the sample cell from the instrument and turn off the
instrument if the instrument is stored for an extended time period
(more than a month).
• Keep the sample compartment lid closed to keep dust and dirt out.
1 Filter pump 4 Stopper 7 Filter Sample cells
2 Hose 5 Filter holder
• Always cap the sample cell to prevent spillage of the sample into the
3 Filter flask 6 Tweezers instrument.
• Always use clean sample cells in good condition. Dirty, scratched or
Turbidity measurement damaged cells can result in readings that are not accurate.
• Make sure that cold samples do not “fog” the sample cell. Refer to
WARNING Prevent condensation on a sample cell on page 23.
Potential explosion and fire hazard. This instrument is for measuring water based • Store sample cells filled with distilled or deionized water and cap
samples. Do not measure solvent or combustible based samples. tightly.
For accurate turbidity readings use clean sample cells and remove air • For the best accuracy, use a single sample cell for every
bubbles. Refer to Clean the sample cell on page 17 and Remove air measurement or a flow cell.
bubbles from the sample on page 22. Note: As an alternative, matched sample cells may be used for measurements but
do not provide as good of accuracy or precision as a single indexed sample cell or
flow cell. When using matched sample cells, align the orientation mark on the
sample cell with the reference mark on the sample cell holder.

24 English
Measurement • Avoid sample dilution when possible.
• Avoid instrument operation in direct sunlight.
• Measure samples immediately to prevent temperature changes and
settling. Before a measurement is taken, always make sure that the
sample is homogeneous throughout.
Turbidity measurement procedure

1. Rinse a clean, 2. Clean the sample 3. Apply a small bead 4. Use the oiling cloth 5. Gently and slowly 6. Put the sample cell
empty sample cell two cells with a soft, lint-free of silicone oil from the provided to apply the oil invert the sample cell to in the sample cell
times with the solution cloth to remove water top to the bottom of the equally to the surface of fully mix the sample. Be holder with the triangle
to be measured and spots and fingerprints. sample cells. the sample cells. careful not to add air on the sample cell
drain to waste. Fill to Remove the excess oil. bubbles. aligned with the
the line (about 30 mL) Make sure that the reference mark on the
with sample and sample cells are almost sample cell holder.
immediately put the cap dry. Close the cover.
on the sample cell.

English 25
7. Read and record the
value when stable.
Note: To send (via
RS232) a measurement
record, push PRINT.

Measurement techniques display flashes 9s when Ratio is off and the measurement is greater
than 40 NTUs (268 nephelos or 9.8 EBCs). Turn Ratio on to increase
Measurements may be made with different operation mode settings and the range. Refer to Measure over-range samples on page 23.
optional accessories. • When automatic ranging is selected, the display flashes all 0s when
Calibrate the instrument whenever the sample cell pathlength is the measurement is less than the range of the instrument or a
changed. negative value. Calibrate the instrument.
Manual or automatic ranging Signal averaging on or off
The manufacturer recommends that ranging be set to automatic for most Signal averaging corrects for reading fluctuations that are caused by
measurements. random drifting particles in the sample. When signal averaging is on, an
The setting can be changed at any time during sample measurement. average reading is calculated every 3 seconds and shown on the
Push RANGE repeatedly to step the instrument from automatic ranging display.The last ten measurements are used to calculate the average
to manual ranging and then scroll through the manual range settings. reading.
The Manual Range light turns on when manual ranging is selected. The The manufacturer recommends that signal averaging be on for most
Auto Range light turns on when automatic ranging is selected. measurements.
Notes: Push SIGNAL AVG to turn signal averaging on or off. The SIGNAL AVG
light turns on when signal averaging is on.
• When manual ranging is selected, the display flashes all 9s when the Push ENTER when signal averaging is on to erase data in the signal
sample being measured is greater than the selected range. The averaging buffer and provide an immediate update on the display as
display flashes all 0s when the sample measured is less than the necessary. This is especially useful when measuring samples with large
selected range. differences in turbidity.
• When automatic ranging is selected, the display flashes 9s when the
sample is greater than the maximum range of the instrument. The

26 English
Ratio on or off Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the methods for connecting the two types of
Ratio on provides very good linearity, calibration stability and a wide air supply to the instrument.
measurement range. Ratio on helps correct for interference when color Note: The dryer and filter are not necessary if dry nitrogen is used.
is present in the sample that absorbs at the wavelength of incident light.
Figure 7 Instrument quality air
The manufacturer recommends that Ratio on be used for most
measurements. Ratio must be on to measure samples greater than
40 NTUs (268 nephelos or 9.8 EBCs).
Push RATIO to turn Ratio on or off. The Ratio light is on when Ratio is
on.
Notes:
1 Particle filter (Balston DFU 9933- 3 Pressure regulator
• If the sample being measured is greater than 40 NTU (or equivalent) 05-BQ or equivalent)
and Ratio is off, the display will show 9s and the RATIO light will flash.
Push RATIO to turn Ratio on and remove the over-range condition. 2 Air dryer (Balston DAU 9933- 4 Instrument air
05-101 or equivalent)
• Measurements with Ratio on and measurements with Ratio off are
almost the same for turbidity measurements that are less than 40 NTU Figure 8 Standard shop air
if interferences caused by color or light absorbing particles are not
present.

Using the air purge system

The air purge system is used to keep condensation off the external
surface of the sample cell when cold samples are measured.
The air purge system pushes dry air through the optical compartment to
keep the outside the sample cell dry. The connection is made at the air
purge fitting on the back of the instrument Figure 2 on page 8.
Use dry nitrogen or instrument grade air (ANSI MC 11.1, 1975) at no
greater than 138 kPa (20 psig). The manufacturer recommends an air
consumption rate of 3 to 10 SCFH (standard cubic feet/hour). 1 Particle filter 5 Filter (Balston 100-12-BX or
equivalent)
When the sample temperature is about or less than 2 °C (35 °F), use a
desiccant dryer and particle filter to make sure that the dew point of the 2 Air dryer 6 Auto drain (Balston 20-105 or
air purge is less than the sample temperature. The air dryer contains equivalent)
silica gel desiccant that turns pink. Replace the desiccant when it turns 3 Coalescing filter/regulator (0– 7 Filter housing (Balston
pink. 30 psig) FR-920-30 or equivalent)
If only shop air is available, use a coalescing filter with an automatic 4 Shop air
drain and a dryer and particle filter to get instrument quality air. Use a
coalescing filter that typically operates for greater than 2000 hours.
Replace the particle filter when the air dryer is replaced.

English 27
Using a flow cell Clean a flow cell assembly

CAUTION 1. Disassemble the flow cell assembly.

Do not use a flow cell with flammable samples or those that contain 2. Clean the inside and outside of the glass parts with a laboratory
hydrocarbons, solvents, concentrated acids or concentrated bases that may glass cleaning detergent. Follow with multiple rinses with distilled or
damage wetted parts of the cells. Conduct tests before use of flow cells if sample demineralized water.
compatibility is not known.
Note: All tubing, flow cells, and caps in the flow cell assembly can also be
Note: Do not use a high pressure flow cell kit with this instrument. steam sterilized.
Use a flow cell to increase the speed, accuracy and reproducibility of 3. If measuring low turbidity samples, clean the inside and outside of
measurement. The manufacturer especially recommends using a flow the glass parts with 1:1 hydrochloric acid and rinse multiple times
cell for low turbidity measurements. with dilution water.
4. Fill the sample cell with distilled or demineralized water and
Install a flow cell immediately put the caps on the sample cell.
5. Clean the inside and outside of the plastic parts and tubing with
1. Fully clean and assemble the flow cell, tubing and stand. Refer to
laboratory detergent and warm water.
Clean a flow cell assembly on page 28 and the user instructions
provided with the flow cell. Note: At intervals, replace the tubing as contaminants, including
microbiological growths, are difficult to remove from the inside surface of the
2. Fill the flow cell and tubing with water and make sure that there are tubing.
no leaks or air bubbles.
6. Air dry the parts after cleaning.
Note: Air bubbles collect in areas that are not cleaned fully.
3. Clean the exterior surface of the flow cell with a soft, lint-free cloth to Flow cell maintenance
remove water spots and fingerprints.
• Keep all parts of the flow cell assembly clean.
4. Apply a small bead of silicone oil from the top to the bottom of the
flow cell. • At intervals, replace all the tubing to make sure that the system is
clean. Keep the tubing as short as possible to minimize air locking and
Note: Use only the provided silicone oil. This silicone oil has the same lag time of sample flow. Locate the instrument as close to the drain as
refractive index as the flow cell glass and masks minor glass scratches.
possible.
5. Use the oiling cloth provided to apply the oil equally to the surface of
the flow cell. Remove the excess oil. Make sure that the flow cell is Flow cell operation
almost dry.
Note: Put the oiling cloth in a plastic storage bag to keep the cloth clean. • Do not use the flow cell for samples that contain large particles that
may collect and stop the sample from flowing.
6. Install the flow cell in the sample cell compartment.
• Slowly put the sample down the interior edge of the inlet reservoir to
7. Push the inlet and outlet tubes in the slots on the top of the prevent mixing of the sample, which can cause air bubbles. Air
instrument enclosure so the sample cell cover can be installed. Refer bubbles create a false positive interference in a turbidity
to the user instructions. measurement.
8. Put the flow-cell light cover over the flow cell. • If bubbles collect in the flow cell, gently tap the flow cell on a soft
Note: The standard sample cell cover of the instrument does not close when surface to remove the bubbles. If bubbles continue to collect in the
the flow cell is installed.

28 English
 flow cell, put the glass flow cell in liquid detergent for 24 hours and Note: Performance specifications may be different than shown in Specifications
then rinse fully. on page 5 when test tubes, sample cells or ampules less than 25 mm are used.
• When measuring many samples of different turbidity, measure the Use a cell adapter when:
samples in order of the cleanest (lowest turbidity) to the dirtiest
(highest turbidity) to prevent contamination from one sample to the • Only a small quantity of sample is available.
next. • The sample to be measured is in an ampule that cannot be opened.
• Do not use greater than the recommended maximum sample pressure
Refer to Table 3 for minimum sample sizes.
of 34 kPa (5 psig).
• Keep the drain tubing below the center line of the instrument. If the Table 3 Minimum sample sizes
whole 152 cm (60 in.) length of drain tubing is used, make sure that
Test tube size Sample
the end of the drain tubing is at least 46 cm (18 in.) below the center
line of the instrument. 12 mm 2.5 mL

Flow cell storage 13 mm 3.5 mL

16 mm 5 mL
• Install the reservoir cover when the system is not in use to prevent
contamination of the system by airborne particles. 19 mm 7 mL
• For short-term storage (a few hours), flush the system with distilled or
deionized water and leave the flow cell full of the flush water to Install a cell adapter
minimize air locks and build up of residue on the parts.
• For long-term storage, disassemble, fully clean and air dry all parts. 1. Align the tab on the cell adapter toward the front of the instrument
(Figure 9).
Using a manual flow cell
2. Put the cell adapter in the sample cell holder.
To set the flow rate, increase the height of the collection drain assembly
on the support rod to decrease the flow rate. Make sure that the bottom 3. Calibrate the instrument each time the sample cell diameter is
of the collection drain assembly is no lower than 7.5 cm (3 in.) above the changed. Calibrate using sample cells of the same path length as the
support stand base. sample cell that will be used to measure samples.
To flush the flow cell, lower the collection drain assembly to the support Note: If test tubes are taller than the cover for the sample cell compartment,
use the tall light shield provided with the cell adapter.
stand base to flush the flow cell.
Use a cell adapter
Many different test tubes, sample cells and ampules can be used to
measure samples when a cell adapter is used. Use a cell adapter when
the test tube, sample cell or ampule is less than 25 mm. Refer to
Accessories on page 40 for the available cell adapters.
Use only test tubes and sample cells that are free of significant
scratches. Clean and apply silicone oil to all sample cells, test tubes and
ampules used with the cell adapters. Refer to Clean the sample cell
on page 17.

English 29
 Figure 9 Install a cell adapter To connect a computer to the instrument, use a serial communication
cable with a DB9 connector.
Note: Use of the specified cable or equivalent is mandatory for CE compliance (a
shielded cable assembly must be used).

Configure the printer output

1. Push and hold down the right arrow key for 3 seconds.
2. Select 01 using the arrow keys.
3. Push ENTER.
4. Use the arrow keys to change the value—SL Pr (slow print,
2.5 second delay) or FS Pr (fast print).
5. Push ENTER.

Configure the RS232 connection

Remove a cell adapter 1. Push SETUP. The SETUP light turns on.
1. Carefully pull the cell adapter up until it is half out of the sample cell 2. Use the arrow keys to select an option:
holder. Option Description
2. Slowly turn the cell adapter 90 degrees counter-clockwise.
10 Sets the baud rate (default=1200).
3. Pull the cell adapter up to remove it.
11 Sets the character length (default=8).
NOTICE
12 Sets the stop bit (default=1).
Do not force the cell adapter out of the instrument as serious damage can
occur. 13 Sets the parity select (default=NONE).

3. Push ENTER.
Connect to a printer or computer
4. Use the arrow keys to change the value.
Use the serial interface (RS232) connector on the back of the instrument 5. Push ENTER.
to transmit data from the instrument to a printer or a serial
communication port on a computer. Refer to Figure 2 on page 8. 6. Push SETUP.
To connect a serial printer to the instrument, use a printer cable
assembly that is terminated with a standard 25-pin D connector. A serial-
Configure a Citizen Model iDP 562RSL II printer
to-parallel converter can be used to print to a parallel printer. Data is The Citizen Model iDP 562RSL II printer requires configuration for
transmitted to a printer as a 39-character string plus the line feed and compatibility with the 2100N turbidimeter. Set the switches and jumper
carriage return. positions on the Citizen printer board as shown in Figure 10 and Table 4.

30 English
1. Set switches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 to OFF. Table 5 shows the RS232 command set for the instrument.
2. Set switches 6, 7, 9 and 10 to ON. Switch 9 and 10 set to ON sets a Table 5 RS232 command set
1200 baud rate.
3. Refer to Setting of Preset Jumper in the Citizen Printer Manual. Command Description

VAL Gets the current measurement with the measurement units.

Figure 10 Citizen printer switch configuration
LST Gets the calibration standards and coefficients.

DAT Gets the current date.

To change the date, enter DAT=MM/DD/YY (MM=month, DD=day,
YY=year), then push Enter.

TIM Gets the current time in 24-hour format.

To change the time, enter TIM=HH:MM (HH=hour, MM=minutes),
Table 4 Dip switch settings for the Citizen printer then push Enter.

USA Germany France UK RMN Gets the recorder minimum value.

To change the recorder minimum value, enter RMN=XXXXX
Foreign character selection DSW1-4 Off Off On On
(XXXXX=a number, minimum value=0), then push Enter.
DSW1-5 Off On Off On
RMX Gets the recorder maximum value.
Odd Even No Check To change the recorder maximum value, enter RMX=XXXXX
(XXXXX=a number, maximum value=10,000), then push Enter.
Parity check DSW1-6 Off On Off On
RTN Gets the recorder trim minimum value.
DSW1-7 Off Off On On
To change the recorder minimum value, enter RTN=XXXXX
Data DSW1-8 On = 7 bit Off = 8 bit (XXXXX=a number, minimum value=200), then push Enter.

9600 4800 2400 1200 RTX Gets the recorder trim maximum value.
To change the recorder maximum value, enter RTX=XXXX
Baud rate DSW1-9 Off Off On On (XXXX=a number, maximum value=4800), then push Enter.
DSW1-10 Off On Off On SAV Gets the signal average buffer size.
To change the signal average buffer size, enter SAV=XX (XX=a
Computer (RS232) commands number, maximum value=15, default=10), then push Enter.

A communication program (i.e., such as Window Terminal or ProComm

Plus) is recommended for computer operation of the instrument.
Configure the communication program to the RS232 connection settings.
Refer to Configure the RS232 connection on page 30.

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Advanced operation Table 6 Formazin standard preparation (continued)
Standard Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Calibrate the turbidimeter with formazin standards
200 NTU Add 50 mL of dilution With a TenSette1 Dilute to the mark
The instrument may be calibrated using prepared formazin standards water to a clean 100- Pipet, add 5.00 mL of with dilution water.
made from 4000-NTU formazin stock solution. Refer to Accessories mL class A volumetric well-mixed 4000- Stopper and mix.
on page 40. flask. NTU formazin stock
solution to the 100-
Note: Use recently prepared formazin standards to get the accuracy specifications
mL flask.
for turbidity in Specifications on page 5.
1000 NTU Add 50 mL of dilution With a TenSette1 Dilute to the mark
Prepare formazin standards water to a clean 100- Pipet, add 25.00 mL with dilution water.
For the best accuracy and long-term data comparability, use formazin mL class A volumetric of well-mixed 4000- Stopper and mix.
stock solution from Hach to make formazin standards. flask. NTU formazin stock
solution to the 100-
Note: As an alternative, a 4000-NTU formazin stock solution that is prepared by
mL flask.
the user may be used to make formazin standards. Refer to Making 4000-NTU
formazin stock solution on page 35. 4000 NTU Rinse a clean sample — —
Prepare formazin standards immediately before calibration in an cell two times with
environment that is at the same ambient temperature as the instrument. well-mixed 4000-NTU
Discard after use. formazin stock
solution. Put about
Refer to Table 6 for the procedures to make the recommended 30 mL of 4000-NTU
calibration standards. formazin stock
solution in the sample
Table 6 Formazin standard preparation cell. No dilution is
necessary.
Standard Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
1 A class A volumetric pipet may be used in place of a TenSette Pipet.

Calibration notes
• Make sure that the instrument is in the same ambient conditions as
where it is used.
• Make sure that the standards are at the same ambient temperature as
the instrument before use.
20 NTU Add 100 mL of dilution With a TenSette® Dilute to the mark
water to a clean 200- Pipet, add 1.00 mL of with dilution water.
• Use only the provided silicone oil. This silicone oil has the same
mL Class A volumetric well-mixed 4000- Stopper and mix. refractive index as the vial glass and masks minor glass differences
flask. Refer to Prepare NTU formazin stock and scratches.
dilution water solution to the 200- • Store the oiling cloth in a plastic storage bag to keep the cloth clean.
on page 21. mL flask. • If power is lost during calibration, the new calibration data is lost and
the last calibration data is used. To exit a calibration and not save the
new values, push UNITS/Exit.

32 English
• In Calibration mode, automatic range and signal averaging on are • Ratio-on and Ratio-off calibration data is measured and recorded at
selected. When calibration is completed, all operational modes go the same time.
back to the last settings. • Clean the USEPA filter assembly before doing a primary calibration,
• All nephelometric (turbidity units of measure) calibrations are done at or at least every 3 months (which is the USEPA-recommended
the same time. primary calibration interval).
Formazin calibration procedure
For the best accuracy, use four matched sample cells or the same sample cell for all measurements during calibration. Refer to Matching sample cells
on page 20.

1. Remove the filter 2. Clean and inspect 3. Hold the tab of the 4. Push CAL. 5. Rinse a clean 6. Clean the sample
assembly. Refer to the lens of the USEPA USEPA filter assembly The S0 light turns on. sample cell two times cell with a soft, lint-free
Change the filter filter assembly. Refer to so that the arrows point The NTU value of the with dilution water. Fill cloth to remove water
assembly on page 36. Clean the filter toward the front of the dilution water used in the sample cell to the spots and fingerprints.
assembly on page 36. instrument. Push the the last calibration is line (about 30 mL) with Do not invert the
filter assembly fully into shown. dilution water and sample cell.
the housing. immediately put the cap
on the sample cell. Use
the same dilution water
that was used to
prepare the formazin
standards.

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7. Apply a small bead 8. Use the oiling cloth 9. Put the sample cell 10. Push ENTER. 11. Remove the 12. Do steps 5–11 for
of silicone oil from the provided to apply the oil in the sample cell The instrument display sample cell from the the other formazin
top to the bottom of the equally to the surface of holder with the triangle counts down from 60 to sample cell holder. standards (from lowest
sample cell. the sample cell. on the sample cell 0, and then measures to highest NTU
Remove the excess oil. aligned with the the standard. standard). Mix each
Make sure that the reference mark on the formazin standard well
sample cell is almost sample cell holder. The instrument shows and rinse the sample
dry. Close the cover. the next expected cell two times with
standard (e.g., 20.00). formazin standard
The S1 light turns on. before the sample cell
is filled.
The S0 light turns on
after the last sample
cell is measured.

13. Push CAL.

The instrument saves
the new calibration data
and goes back to
Measurement mode.

34 English
Making 4000-NTU formazin stock solution Prepare formazin standards – user selected
User-selected values of formazin standards are prepared using the
WARNING same method that is used to prepare the recommended formazin
Chemical exposure hazard. Obey laboratory safety procedures and wear all of standards. Refer to Prepare formazin standards on page 32.
the personal protective equipment appropriate to the chemicals that are handled.
Refer to the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for safety protocols. Prepare user-selected values of formazin standards to span the entire
range of the instrument. Four standards are necessary. Suggested
Note: Making formazin stock solution from raw materials is not recommended. standards are in the range of:
Preparation of formazin stock solution is temperature and technique sensitive. Use
Hach formazin stock solution to get the best instrument performance and analytical • 10–30 NTU
standard accuracy. • 180–220 NTU
1. Dissolve 5.000 grams of reagent grade hydrazine sulfate ((NH2)2– • 900–1000 NTU
H4H2SO4) in about 400 mL of demineralized water. • 4000 NTU
2. Dissolve 50.000 grams of reagent grade hexamethylenetetramine in Formazin standards greater than 80 NTU must have a difference of at
about 400 mL of demineralized water. least 60 NTU.
3. Quantitatively, put the two solutions in a 1-liter volumetric flask, and Change the calibration points
dilute to volume with demineralized water. Mix fully.
When using user-selected values of formazin standards during
4. Let the solution stand for 48 hours at 25 ± 1 °C (77 ± 1 °F). calibration, change the calibration points that are shown on the display
as they occur. Change the calibration points so that they agree with the
Calibrate the turbidimeter with user-selected formazin turbidity of the user-defined values.
standards For example: A 25-NTU standard is put in the sample cell holder
The instrument may be calibrated using user-selected values of formazin instead of the recommended 20-NTU standard during calibration.
standards. Change the "20.000" on the display to "25.000" before pushing ENTER
to start the measurement.
Calibration with user-selected values of formazin standards is done
using the same method that is used to calibrate the instrument with To change the value on the display during calibration:
recommended formazin standards with two differences:
1. Push the right arrow key. The decimal point flashes.
• The prepared formazin standards used are user-selected standards 2. Push the right arrow key to move the cursor to the next position.
and not the recommended standards. Refer to Prepare formazin
3. Push ENTER to accept the new cursor position.
standards – user selected on page 35.
• The calibration points that are shown on the display must be changed 4. Use the up and down arrow keys to change the number on the
as they occur so they agree with the turbidity of the user-defined display.
standards. Refer to Change the calibration points on page 35. 5. Do steps 2–4 again if necessary to change the other digit.
Note: Unknown performance may occur if standards other than the recommended
6. Push ENTER to save the change and start the measurement.
calibration points are used. The recommended calibration points (< 0.1, 20, 200,
1000 and 4000 NTU) provide the best calibration accuracy. Refer to Application
note 128, Calibration Methods for Low-Level Turbidity Measurement.

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Maintenance Clean the filter assembly
Note: Be careful not to push the lens out of the filter assembly.
DANGER
Multiple hazards. Only qualified personnel must conduct the tasks
1. Clean both sides of the lens of the filter assembly with glass cleaner,
described in this section of the document. lens cleaner or isopropyl alcohol, and a cotton-tipped swab or lens
tissue.
2. Inspect the filter glass for scratches or other damage.
Clean the instrument 3. If a cloudy circle is seen around the edge of the filter, the filter
Keep the instrument clean to get continuous and accurate operation. material is delaminating. Replace the filter assembly.

NOTICE Replace the lamp

Never use cleaning agents such as turpentine, acetone or similar products to
clean the instrument including the keypad. CAUTION
Wear protective eye wear when the lamp is turned on and the lamp cover is
1. Turn the instrument off and disconnect the power cord. removed.
2. Clean the surface of the instrument with a soft, moist cloth and a
weak soap solution. CAUTION
3. Dry the surface of the instrument with a lint-free cloth. Burn hazard. The lamp must be cool before removal from the instrument.

Notes:
Change the filter assembly
• Replace the lamp with the same size, style and electrical rating
NOTICE (4708900). Refer to Replacement parts and accessories
The filter assembly is fragile and must be handled with care to prevent damage. on page 40.
• Do not touch the lamp as oil from skin will damage the lamp. Clean
1. Hold the tab of the filter assembly and pull straight up and out of the the lamp with alcohol as necessary.
instrument. • Either lamp lead can be put in either terminal block position.
2. Store the filter assembly in a clean container. • Turn the instrument on 30 minutes (Ratio on) or 60 minutes (Ratio off)
before measurement or calibration.
3. Before installation, clean the lens of the filter assembly. Refer to
• Calibrate the instrument after the lamp is replaced.
Clean the filter assembly on page 36.
4. Hold the tab of the filter assembly with the arrows pointing toward the To remove the lamp, refer to the illustrated steps.
front of the instrument. To install the lamp, do the illustrated steps in the opposite direction.
5. Push the filter assembly fully into the housing.

36 English
1

English 37
Replace a fuse Troubleshooting
DANGER Refer to the tables in this section for error codes, diagnostic codes,
common problem messages or symptoms, possible causes and
corrective actions.
Fire hazard. Use the same type and current rating to replace fuses.

Error codes
Replacement parts:
Table 7 lists the error codes shown for different conditions. Error codes
• Fuse for 115 V operation, time-delay, 250 V, 1.6 A (3030700), or identify instrument malfunction or operator error.
• Fuse for 230 V operation, time-delay, 250 V, 1.6 A (3030600) The instrument continues operation in an error condition.
Push ENTER to clear an error code from the display.
To replace a fuse, refer to the illustrated steps in Figure 11.
Note: Any calibration being calculated when an error occurs, is discarded. The old
Figure 11 Replace a fuse calibration is kept.
Table 7 Error codes
Error Description Solution

ERR01 The turbidity of the Start the calibration again with lower turbidity
dilution water is dilution water.
greater than 0.5 NTU. Note: Ignore ERR01 when the sample cell diameter is
less than 25 mm. Push UNITS/Exit to go back to
measurement mode.

ERR02
• Two calibration 1. Inspect the preparation of standards.
standards have the 2. Do the calibration again.
same value.
• The difference Note: Ignore ERR02 when the sample cell diameter is
between two less than 25 mm. Push UNITS/Exit to go back to
measurement mode.
calibration
standards is less
than 60.0 NTU.
• The turbidity of
Standard 1 is too
low (less than
10 NTU).

38 English
 Table 7 Error codes (continued) Table 7 Error codes (continued)
Error Description Solution Error Description Solution

ERR03 Low light error ERR10 System voltage out of

1. Put the sample in the instrument again. 1. Turn the instrument off and then back on.
range
2. Make sure that the lamp light is on. 2. Contact Customer Service if the error
3. Make sure that an object is not in the light occurs again.
path.
4. Do sample dilution if necessary. ERR11 System loop test error
1. Turn the instrument off and then back on.
Note: If this error occurs when a filter assembly other 2. Contact Customer Service if the error
than the USEPA filter assembly is installed, the filter occurs again.
assembly should not be used for turbidity
measurements.

ERR04 Memory malfunction

1. Turn the instrument off and then back on.
Diagnostic codes
2. Contact Technical Support if the error Table 8 lists the diagnostic codes that are used to get information about
occurs again. instrument operation when instrument operation is in doubt.
To do a diagnostic test:
ERR05 A/D is over the range
1. Make sure that the light shield is closed.
2. Contact Customer Service if necessary. 1. Push and hold down the right arrow key for 3 seconds.
2. Use the arrow keys to enter a diagnostic code.
ERR06 A/D is under the range
1. Make sure that no object is in the light
3. Push ENTER to show the diagnostic value.
path. 4. Push UNITS/Exit to go back to Measurement mode.
2. Contact Customer Service if necessary.
Note: To print a diagnostic report, hold down PRINT, then turn the instrument on.

ERR07 Light leak Table 8 Diagnostic codes

1. Make sure that the cover for the sample
cell compartment is closed. Code Display Description
2. Turn the instrument off and then back on.
21 Pr In Printer test
ERR09 Printer time out error 22 Test results are shown. Display test
1. Make sure that the external printer is
connected correctly.
23 Test results are shown. Keyboard test
2. Make sure that the external printer is
selected (online). 24 Test results are shown. Memory test

Delete calibration data

To delete any calibration data entered by the user:

English 39
1. Turn off the instrument. Replacement parts and accessories (continued)
2. Push and hold CAL.
Description Quantity Item no.
3. Turn on the instrument.
The CAL? light flashes. The instrument starts in Calibration mode. Filter assembly, USEPA 1 3031200
4. Calibrate the instrument before use.
Fuse for 115 V operation, time-delay,
1 3030700
250 V, 1.6 A, UL/CSA approved
Flashing 9s
Fuse for 230 V operation, time-delay,
1 3030600
When manual ranging is selected, the display will flash all 9s when the 250 V, 1.6 A, IEC type, VDE approved
sample being measured is greater than the selected range.
Gelex® secondary turbidity standardization
When automatic ranging is selected, the display will flash 9s when the kit
sample is greater than the maximum range of the instrument. The 1 2589000
(stray light standard and 0–2, 0–20, 0–
display will also flash 9s if Ratio is off and the measurement is greater 200 and 200–4000 NTU)
than 40 NTUs (268 nephelos or 9.8 EBCs). Turn Ratio on. Refer to
Measure over-range samples on page 23. Lamp replacement kit 1 4708900

Oiling cloth 1 4707600

Flashing 0s
Power cord, North America, 115 VAC,
1 1801000
When manual ranging is selected, the display will flash all 0s when the UL/CSA approved
sample measured is less than the selected range.
Power cord, European, 230 VAC, VDE
1 4683600
When automatic ranging is selected, the display will flash all 0s when the approved
measurement is less than the range of the instrument or a negative
Sample cells, 30mL, 1 in. round glass 6 2084900
value. Calibrate the instrument.
Silicone oil 1 126936
Replacement parts and accessories
Note: Product and Article numbers may vary for some selling regions. Contact the Accessories
appropriate distributor or refer to the company website for contact information.
Description Quantity Item no.
Replacement parts
Calibration kit, StablCal®, 500 mL each
Description Quantity Item no. 1 2662110
(<0.1, 20, 200, 1000 and 4000 NTU)

Calibration kit, StablCal®, sealed sample Calibration kit, StablCal®, 500 mL each
1 2662105 1 2662100
cells (<0.1, 20, 200, 1000 and 4000 NTU) (<0.1, 20, 200, 1000 and 4000 NTU)
Cover, sample cell compartment 1 4702500 Cable, computer, DB-9 to DB-9 1 4950200
Cover, lamp access 1 4703200 Cell adapter, 12–13 mm 1 3033400
Dust cover 1 4703000 Cell adapter, 16 mm 1 3033500

40 English
Replacement parts and accessories (continued) Replacement parts and accessories (continued)
Description Quantity Item no. Description Quantity Item no.

Cell adapter, 19 mm 1 3033600 1/

Tubing, tygon, ¼-inch OD x 16 inch wide,
1 ft 4134400
for the manual or automated flow cell
Filter disks 10 2323810
Tubing, tygon, 3/8-inch OD x 1/16 inch wide,
Filter, membrane (without pad) 200 1353001 1 ft 518137
for the automated flow cell
Filter paper, glass fiber, quantitative, Tubing, tygon, ½-inch OD x 1/ inch wide,
100 253000 16 1 ft 518637
47 mm for the manual flow cell
Flow cell kit, manual, low pressure 1 4744900 Ultrasonic bath 1 2489500
Flow cell, glass (included with the manual Volumetric flask, 100 mL, Class A 1 1457442
1 4709500
flow cell kit)
Volumetric flask, 200 mL, Class A 1 1457445
Formazin stock solution, 4000 NTU 100 mL 246142

Formazin stock solution, 4000 NTU 500 mL 246149 Optional reagents

Pump, vacuum, hand-operated 1 1428300
Description Quantity Item no.
Pump, vacuum/pressure, 115V, 60 Hz,
1 2424800
1.2 cfm
Hexamethylenetetramine 500 g 187834
Pump, vacuum/pressure, 220V, 50 Hz,
1 2824802 Hydrazine sulfate 100 g 74226
1.2 cfm

Sample degassing kit 1 4397500

Sample degassing and filtration kit 1 4397510

0.1 NTU, StablCal™ low-level turbidity

verification standards (not for instrument 100 mL 2723342
calibration)

0.3 NTU, StablCal™ low-level turbidity

verification standards (not for instrument 100 mL 2697942
calibration)

0.5 NTU, StablCal™ low-level turbidity

verification standards (not for instrument 100 mL 2698042
calibration)

TenSette® Pipet, 1.0-10.0 mL, 1 1970010

TenSette® Pipet Tips 250 2199725

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42 English
HACH COMPANY World Headquarters HACH LANGE GMBH HACH LANGE Sàrl
P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539-0389 U.S.A. Willstätterstraße 11 6, route de Compois
Tel. (970) 669-3050 D-40549 Düsseldorf, Germany 1222 Vésenaz
(800) 227-4224 (U.S.A. only) Tel. +49 (0) 2 11 52 88-320 SWITZERLAND
Fax (970) 669-2932 Fax +49 (0) 2 11 52 88-210 Tel. +41 22 594 6400
orders@hach.com info@hach-lange.de Fax +41 22 594 6499
www.hach.com www.hach-lange.de

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