Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon 423603.

(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to SPPU Pune)

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 UNIT- I
A] Location and planning of industrial areas: Selection of site for an industry; site
planning of an industry in a comprehensive manner with varied considerations; study of
indoor and outdoor working environment as related to industrial process of manufacture;
human component as related to illumination, ventilation, noise control, etc. in working
environment.
B] Industrial shed planning and aspects: Aspects associated with fabrication of industrial
shed Pre-fabrication elements associated with shed fabrication, there sizes and materials
used; Insulation material to be used for achieving comfort.

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1. Selection of Site for an Industry: Selecting the right site for an industry involves
multiple considerations, ensuring that the location is optimal for operations, logistics,
costs, and regulatory compliance.

Ø Economic Factors:
• Cost of Land: Affordable land prices within the industrial budget.
• Tax Incentives: Availability of local, state, or national tax incentives.
• Proximity to Raw Materials: Closer proximity reduces transportation costs.
• Labor Availability: Access to skilled and unskilled labor.
• Energy Costs: Availability and cost of energy resources.

Ø Logistical Factors:
• Transport Links: Proximity to major highways, railways, ports, and airports for ease of
transportation.
• Supply Chain Efficiency: Ease of receiving materials and shipping products.
• Communication Infrastructure: Availability of reliable communication networks.

Ø Environmental Factors:
• Climate Conditions: Suitability of the local climate for industrial activities.
• Topography: Favorable land topography for construction and expansion.
• Environmental Regulations: local environmental laws and standards.
• Availability
8/12/2024of Water Resources: Sufficient water supplyof for
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Ø Social and Community Factors:
• Community Support: Acceptance and support from the
local community.
• Quality of Life: Good living conditions for employees
(housing, schools, healthcare).
• Local Workforce Skills: Availability of local educational
and training facilities.
Ø Political Legal and Technological Factors:
• Regulatory Compliance: Compliance with local, state, and
federal regulations.
• Political Stability: A stable political environment to ensure
long-term operations.
• Zoning Laws: Adherence to local zoning laws and land use
regulations.
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2) Site Planning of an Industry: Site planning involves a comprehensive approach to
layout and design, ensuring efficient, safe, and sustainable operations. Here are the
detailed considerations for effective site planning:

Ø Layout Design:
• Building Placement: Strategic positioning of main and auxiliary buildings to
optimize workflow.
• Process Flow Optimization: Ensuring smooth and logical process flow from raw
material intake to finished product dispatch.
• Space for Expansion: Allocating space for future growth and expansion.
Ø Accessibility:
• Internal Roads: Designing wide, durable internal roads for efficient movement of
goods and personnel.
• Parking Facilities: Adequate parking for employees, visitors, and transport vehicles.
• Loading and Unloading Zones: Designated areas for safe and efficient
loading/unloading operations.
Ø Utilities and Infrastructure:
• Power Supply: Reliable and redundant power sources, including emergency
generators.
• Water Supply: Sufficient water supply and wastewater management systems.
• Waste Management: Efficient systems for managing industrial waste, recycling, and
disposal.
• Telecommunication: Reliable and high-speed internet and communication
networks.
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Ø Safety and Compliance:
• Fire Safety: Installation of fire detection and suppression systems, emergency
exits, and fire drills.
• Hazardous Material Handling: Safe storage and handling of hazardous
materials.
• E nv i ro n m e n t a l P ro t e c t i o n : I m p l e m e n t i n g m e a s u re s t o m i n i m i z e
environmental impact (pollution control, green spaces).
Ø Employee Welfare:
• Amenities: Providing amenities like canteens, restrooms, and recreational
areas.
• Health and Safety: Ensuring workplace health and safety standards are met.
• Training Facilities: On-site training facilities for skill development and safety
training.
Ø Aesthetic and Environmental Considerations:
• Landscaping: Green spaces, trees, and gardens to enhance the aesthetic appeal
and environmental quality.
• Sustainable Practices: Incorporating sustainable building materials and
energy-efficient systems.
• Noise and Emission Control: Measures to reduce noise pollution and emissions.
Ø Security:
• Perimeter Security: Fencing, surveillance cameras, and security personnel.
• Access Control: Controlled access to sensitive areas with ID checks and
electronic access systems.
• Emergency
8/12/2024Preparedness: Emergency responseDepartment plans and regular
of Structural drills.
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Ø Probable questions for 4-5 marks:
• Discuss the importance of process flow optimization in the layout design of an industrial
site.
• Explain what factors are considered while planning an industrial areas?
• Explain importace of enviroanmental factors in industrial planning.
• Explain the key factors to consider when planning internal roads and parking facilities
within an industrial site.
• How can landscaping and sustainable practices enhance the aesthetic and environmental
quality of an industrial site?
• Discuss the importance of incorporating future expansion space in the initial site
planning of an industrial facility.
• Explain the role of waste management systems in the planning of an industrial site.
• What factors should be taken into account when planning emergency preparedness and
response measures for an industrial site?
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Ø Study of indoor working environment as related to industrial process of
manufacture.
Ø Air Quality:
• Monitoring of indoor air quality is crucial to ensure a healthy working environment.
• Ventilation systems must be designed to control dust, fumes, and other airborne
contaminants.
Ø Temperature Control:
• Maintain optimal temperature for workers' comfort and machinery efficiency.
• Use of HVAC systems to manage temperature and humidity.
Ø Lighting:
• Adequate and appropriate lighting is essential to reduce eye strain and accidents.
• Use of natural and artificial lighting tailored to specific tasks.
Ø Noise Levels:
• Control of noise pollution through soundproofing and use of quieter machinery.
• Regular monitoring and maintenance to keep noise within permissible limits.
Ø Ergonomics:
• Design of workstations to reduce strain and injury risks.
• Implementation of ergonomic tools and equipment to enhance worker productivity.
Ø Safety Measures:
• Implementation of safety protocols to prevent accidents.
• Regular training on safety procedures and the use of personal protective equipment
(PPE).

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Ø Study of outdoor working environment as related to industrial process of
manufacture.
Ø Weather Conditions:
• Consideration of seasonal weather variations and their impact on outdoor work.
• Provision of suitable protective gear and shelter for workers in extreme weather.
Ø Air Quality:
• Monitoring of outdoor air quality, especially in industrial areas with potential
emissions.
• Implementation of measures to minimize outdoor pollution from industrial
processes.
Ø Noise Pollution:
• Control of outdoor noise levels to prevent disturbances to nearby communities.
• Use of noise barriers and strategic placement of noisy equipment.
Ø Environmental Impact:
• Assessing the impact of industrial processes on the surrounding environment.
• Implementation of green practices and sustainable manufacturing techniques.
Ø Safety Protocols:
• Ensuring outdoor work areas are free of hazards such as unstable ground or falling
objects.
• Regular inspections and risk assessments to mitigate potential dangers.
Ø Transportation and Logistics:
• Efficient layout and planning of outdoor areas to facilitate the movement of
materials and products.
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Ø Integration of Indoor and Outdoor
Environments-
Ø Process Flow Optimization: Coordination
between indoor and outdoor activities and
Efficient movement of materials from outdoor
storage to indoor processing areas.
Ø Energy Management: Optimizing energy and
renewable energy sources
Ø Regulatory Compliance: Ensuring both
indoor and outdoor environments comply
with local, state, and national regulations and
Regular audits and assessments.
Ø Technological Integration by Automation
and Monitoring: Use of IoT and automation
and Real-time data collection to optimize
working conditions and safety.
Ø Sustainability Practices: Implementation of
sustainable practices such as recycling and
waste management and Use of eco-friendly
m a te r i a l s a n d p ro c e s s e s to re d u c e t h e
environmental footprint.
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Probable questions for 4-5 marks:
1) Explain the importance of air quality in an indoor industrial working environment. How
can it be effectively managed?
2) Discuss the role of ergonomics in designing indoor workstations in an industrial setting.
Why is it important for worker productivity?
3) Describe the challenges posed by outdoor weather conditions on industrial operations.
How can these challenges be mitigated?
4) What are the key considerations for controlling noise pollution in an outdoor industrial
environment? Provide examples of methods used to minimize noise impact.
5) How can the integration of indoor and outdoor working environments optimize process
flow in an industrial setting? Provide specific examples.

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B] Industrial shed planning and aspects: Aspects associated with
fabrication of industrial shed, Pre-fabrication elements, there sizes
and materials used; Insulation material to be used for achieving
comfort.
Ø Design Considerations:
• Structural load assessment (DL,LL,WL,EQL,SL,EL)
• Selection of materials (steel, aluminum, concrete, sheets)
• Design of foundations and supports
• Safety considerations (fire resistance, durability)
• Compliance with local building codes and standards
Ø Construction Process:
• Site preparation and leveling
• Erection of structural framework (columns, beams, trusses)
• Roofing and cladding installation
• Integration of utilities (electrical, plumbing, HVAC)
Ø Quality Control:
• Inspection of materials and workmanship
• Testing of welds, bolts, and other connections
• Adherence
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Ø Pre-fabrication Elements Associated with Shed Fabrication-
Ø Types of Pre-fabricated Elements:
• Steel Trusses: Pre-designed and manufactured for rapid
assembly
• Roof Panels: Pre-fabricated roofing sheets (corrugated steel,
aluminum)
• Wall Panels: Pre-fabricated wall cladding (sandwich panels,
insulated metal panels)
• Beams and Columns: Pre-fabricated steel or concrete sections
Ø Sizes and Materials Used:
• Steel Sections: Common sizes based on design requirements
(e.g., I-beams, H-beams)
• Roofing Sheets: Standard widths (e.g., 3 ft to 4 ft) and lengths
(e.g., 8 ft to 12 ft)
• Wall Cladding: Thicknesses (e.g., 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm for metal
panels)
• Insulated Panels: Materials like PU foam, polystyrene, rock
wool for insulation
Ø Advantages of Pre-fabrication:
• Reduced construction time
• Improved quality control
• Cost efficiency
• Minimal on-site labor requirements
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Ø Types of Insulation Materials:
• Fiberglass Insulation: Commonly used, effective thermal insulation
• Polyurethane Foam: High thermal resistance, good for roof and
wall insulation
• Mineral Wool (Rock Wool): Fire-resistant, good sound insulation
properties
• Reflective Insulation: Used in combination with other materials,
reflects radiant heat
Ø Application Areas:
• Roof Insulation: To prevent heat gain and loss, commonly using
polyurethane foam or fiberglass
• Wall Insulation: To maintain internal temperatures, using
materials like rock wool or insulated panels
• Floor Insulation: Less common but can be used in cold climates or
special conditions
Ø Factors to Consider:
• Thermal Resistance: Higher reistance value for better insulation
• Moisture Resistance: Ensuring materials resist water vapor to
avoid mold growth
• Installation Ease: Prefabricated panels or rolls for easy installation
• Cost-effectiveness: Balancing material cost with energy savings
and comfort levels

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Probable questions for 4-5 marks:
1) Explain the key design considerations involved in the fabrication of an industrial shed.
2) Discuss the construction process of an industrial shed, highlighting the main steps
involved.
3) What are the quality control measures that should be implemented during the
fabrication of an industrial shed?
4) Describe the different types of pre-fabricated elements used in the fabrication of an
industrial shed.
5) What are the advantages of using pre-fabricated elements in shed fabrication?
6) Discuss the typical sizes and materials used for pre-fabricated roofing sheets and wall
cladding in industrial sheds.
7) Compare different types of insulation materials that can be used in an industrial shed for
thermal comfort.
8) Explain the factors to consider when selecting insulation materials for an industrial shed.
9) How does roof insulation contribute to the overall energy efficiency and comfort of an
industrial shed?

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