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Automatic Washroom Light

Technical Report · July 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28641.89440

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Alimul Rajee Proma Sarkar

Comilla University Comilla University
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Israt Jahan Nahid Sultana Nisa

University of Dhaka Comilla University
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ICT - 306 : Automatic Washroom Light
Group : B
Session : 2019-2020

Comilla University
Faculty of Engineering , Department of ICT

Submitted To :

Alimul Rajee
Lecturer , Department of ICT

Submitted By :

ID : 12009005 , 12009006 , 12009012 ,

12009036,12009050
 ABSTRACT

This paper presents the electronic trigging of automatic washroom light switching

which replaces manual switching of washroom lights. Using the IR sensor and

the switching control is done. It has been established that automatic washroom

light controller using motion sensor was commercially productive but with few

drawbacks l isting high power consumption and cost-effective which has been

replaced by automatic electronic triggering.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 2

LIST OF TABLES 5

CHAPTER

1. INTRODUCTION 6

1.1 Background of The Project 6

1.2 Problem Statement 7

1.3 Objective 7

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 8

3. METHODOLOGY 9

3.1 Components Required 9-20

3.1.1 5V Battery 9

3.1.2 LED (60-watt bulb) 10

3.1.3 Copper wire 11

3.1.4 Relay 12-15

3.1.4.1 5V Relay 12

3.1.4.2 5V Relay Pin Configuration 13

3.1.4.3 Features 14

3.1.4.4 5V Relay Module Pin Configuration 15

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 3.1.5 IR Sensor 17-19

3.1.5.1 IR Sensor 17

3.1.5.2 IR Sensor Module 18

3.1.5.3 IR Sensor Operation 19

3.2 Block Diagram 20

3.3 Methodology 21

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 22

4.1 Analysis 22

4.2 Result and Discussion 24

5. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK 26

5.1 Conclusion 26

5.2 Future Work 26

REFERENCES 27

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

Table 1.1 Components Required 12

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

Figure 3.1 5V Battery 9

Figure 3.2 LED (60-watt bulb) 10
Figure 3.3 Copper Wire 11
Figure 3.4 5V Relay 12
Figure 3.5 Relay Pin Diagram 13
Figure 3.6 Relay Module Pin Diagram 15
Figure 3.7 Relay Module 16
Figure 3.8 Active IR Sensor Module 17
Figure 3.9 IR Sensor Working Process 19
Figure 3.10 Block Diagram 20
Figure 4.1 Normally Closed Relay Working Process 23
Figure 4.2 Project Final Image - 1 24
Figure 4.3 Project Final Image - 2 25

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LED Light Emitting Diode

IR Infrared Sensor

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Whenever we enter in our washroom we turn on the lights and turn them off whenever
we leave. But sometimes we forget to turn off the lights and other appliances while
coming out of the washroom. By these silly mistakes, we waste a lot of electricity every
day, and also it decreases the lifetime of the bulb. So we should make a device which can
automatically turn on and turn off the washroom lights. We bring you the solution to this
problem by making a circuit that can automatically turn on the lights whenever someone
enters the washroom and turn off the lights when someone leaves the washroom. For this
reason, we will be going to design a simple automatic light switch for the washroom or
other related rooms where it is needed.

So in this project, we will explain how an automatic washroom light system works, the
components required, and the connections. It also explains its importance. The main idea
of the project is to demonstrate how energy can be conserved by not being wasted
unnecessarily.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
We design this project mainly because -:
i) Avoid electricity wastage after forgetting to turn it off after using the washroom
ii) It is Easier for kids to go to the washroom at night without being accompanied by
adults.

1.3 OBJECTIVE
There are several objectives in this project, among them are -:
- Make life easier, especially for kids or disabled and elder people
- Avoid electricity wastage
- Guarantee a longer usage of the bulb

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

In the project “automatic washroom light” it’s shown about the new way of electrical
supply in washrooms in a home. Many kinds of sensors can be used to work on this
project. But we have used an active IR sensor for the automation process. When a person
crosses the IR sensor it will sense the person and the occupancy relay will switch on
automatically as soon as the person is detected by the sensors.

The authors of [7] described the pin configuration of IR module whereas the author of [8]
presented the working process of an active IR sensor. And the author of [5] has described
the working principle,construction and the pin configuration of a 5v relay. The relay
module actually is an electrically operate switch that can be turned on or off deciding to
let current flow. They are designed to be controlled with low voltage like 3.3v. It also
describes the development of and deployment of automatic switch.We have combined all
those information to create a successful project. And this project allows us to use
automatic lights in storeroom or washroom in order to save current. It saves the energy of
current.

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Quantity Components
1 Battery (5V)
1 LED (60-watt bulb)
1 Copper Wire
1 Relay (5V)
1 IR Sensor
Table 1.1

3.1.1 5 V BATTERY
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. The
chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material (electrode)
to another, through an external circuit. The flow of electrons provides an electric current
that can be used to do work [1].

Figure 3.1 : 5V Battery

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3.1.2 LED (60-watt bulb)
A light bulb rated at 60 watts at a voltage of 120volts has a different filament resistance
to consume 60 watts instead of 100. The filament is 60 watts instead of 240 ohms as
compared to 145 ohms for a 100-watt bulb. The above assumes that the voltage source is
constant at 120 volts.

Figure 3.2 : LED (60-watt bulb)

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3.1.3 COPPER WIRE
A copper wire is a single electrical conductor made of copper. It can be insulated or
uninsulated. A copper cable is a group of two or more copper wires bundled together in a
single sheath or jacket.

Copper has excellent physical and chemical properties that enable it to become a widely
used conductor in many of the electrical and heating applications.Today, copper is an
indispensable metal and is used in electrical wiring for both domestic and industrial use.
Electronic circuitry, telecommunications, home appliances, and many other areas use
copper today. It is estimated that half of all the copper mined is used to produce electrical
copper wire and cable conductors. Today copper manufacturers have numerous copper
wire products that can be used in a wide range of electrical and thermal applications,
making copper a versatile metal of the future [3].

Figure 3.3 : Copper Wire

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3.1.4.1 5V RELAY
A Relay is an electromechanical device that can be used to make or break an electrical
connection. It consists of a flexible moving mechanical part that can be controlled
electronically through an electromagnet, basically, a relay is just like a mechanical switch
but you can control it with an electronic signal instead of manually turning it on or off
[4].

Figure 3.4 : 5V Relay

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3.1.4.2 5V RELAY PIN CONFIGURATION

The pin configuration of the 5V relay is shown below. This relay includes 5-pins where
each pin and its functionality are shown below.

Pin1 (End 1): It is used to activate the relay; usually this pin one end is connected to
5Volts whereas another end is connected to the ground.

Pin2 (End 2): This pin is used to activate the Relay.

Figure 3.5 : Relay Pin Diagram

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Pin3 (Common (COM)): This pin is connected to the main terminal of the Load to make
it active.

Pin4 (Normally Closed (NC)): This second terminal of the load is connected to either
NC/ NO pins. If this pin is connected to the load then it will be ON before the switch.

Pin5 (Normally Open (NO)): If the second terminal of the load is allied to the NO pin,
then the load will be turned off before the switch.

3.1.4.3 FEATURES

The features of the 5V relay include the following.

● Normal Voltage is 5V DC
● Normal Current is 70mA
● AC load current Max is 10A at 250VAC or 125V AC
● DC load current Max is 10A at 30V DC or 28V DC
● It includes 5-pins & designed with plastic material
● Operating time is 10msec
● Release time is 5msec
● Maximum switching is 300 operating per minute [5].

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3.1.4.4 5V RELAY MODULE PIN CONFIGURATION
The pin configuration of the 5V relay module is shown below. This module includes
6-pins where each pin and its functionality are discussed below -

Figure 3.6 Relay Module Pin Diagram

Normally Open (NO): This pin is normally open unless we provide a signal to the relay
module signal pin. So, the common contact pin smashes its link through the NC pin to
make a connection through the NO pin

Common Contact: This pin is used to connect through the load that we desire to switch
by using the module.

Normally Closed (NC): This NC pin is connected through the COM pin to form a closed
circuit. However, this NC connection will break once the relay is switched through
providing an active high/low signal toward the signal pin from a microcontroller.

Signal Pin: The signal pin is mainly used for controlling the relay. This pin works in two
cases like active low otherwise active high. So, in the activel low case, the relay
activates once we provide an active low signal toward the signal pin, whereas, in an

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active high case, the relay will trigger once we provide a high signal toward the signal
pin.

However, these modules generally work on an active high signal which will strengthen
the relay coil to make contact with the common terminal with the normally open
terminal.

5V VCC: This pin needs 5V DC to work. So 5V DC power supply is provided to this pin.

Ground: This pin connects the GND terminal of the power supply [5].

Figure 3.7 : Relay Module

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3.1.5.1 IR SENSOR

An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects infrared
radiation in its surrounding environment. There are two types of infrared sensors: active
and passive.

Active infrared sensors both emit and detect infrared radiation. Active IR sensors have
two parts: a light-emitting diode (LED) and a receiver [6].

Figure 3.8 : Active IR Sensor Module

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3.1.5.2 IR SENSOR MODULE
The IR sensor module includes five essential parts like IR Tx, Rx, Operational amplifier,
trimmer pot (variable resistor) & output LED. The pin configuration of the IR sensor
module is discussed below.

● VCC Pin is power supply input

● GND Pin is power supply ground
● OUT is an active-high o/p

The main specifications and features of the IR sensor module include the following.

● The operating voltage is 5VDC

● I/O pins – 3.3V & 5V
● Mounting hole
● The range is up to 20 centimeters
● The supply current is 20mA
● The range of sensing is adjustable
● Fixed ambient light sensor [7].

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3.1.5.3 IR SENSOR OPERATION

Here’s how an active IR operates on a basic level:

- An IR emitter shoots out a beam of light, facing an in-line receiver.
- If nothing is in the way, the receiver sees a signal.
- If the receiver fails to see an IR beam, it detects that an object is between the
emitter and the receiver, and therefore present in the monitored area [8].

Figure 3.9 : IR Sensor Working Process

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3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 3.10 : Block Diagram

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3.3 METHODOLOGY

At first we take one active IR sensor, one 5v relay, one 5v battery, some copper wire, and
one LED bulb. In an active IR sensor, there are three pins. These are the GND pin, Vcc
pin, and output pin. The relay has 6 pins. These are signal pin, Vcc pin, GND pin,
NC(normally closed)pins, NO(normally open contacts )pins, and CO(common contact).
The GND pin of the IR sensor and relay, the negative part of the battery are grounded.
The Vcc pin of the IR sensor and relay is connected with the 5 v battery. The NC
(normally close) pins are usually connected with an LED bulb. The bulb is also
connected to the AC supply. CO(common contact) pin is connected with the AC supply.
The output pin of the IR sensor is connected with the signal pin of the relay. The
connection of the circuit is set by the copper wire.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 ANALYSIS

The working principle of the automatic washroom light is based on the active IR sensor
and 5v relay. The output pin of the active IR sensor is connected with the signal pin of the
relay by using copper wire. Relay is one kind of electro-mechanical component that
functions as a switch. The circuit switches on the light using a relay. When the door
opens and closes for the second time, the circuit turns off the relay. When there is no
object in front of the active IR sensor, the sensor sends a ‘1’ signal to the relay. If any
object is presented a front of the active IR sensor it sends ‘0’ to the relay.

With the normally closed type relay,

When the IR sensor passes ‘0’ as output, the relay
turns off and the light turns on but when it passes ‘1’ as output the current is passed
through the primary circuit and the electromagnetic field creates which causes the
armature to pass away which disconnects the conductor and breaks the circuit and this
cuts the supply of electricity to the load.

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 Light Off

Light On

Figure 4.1 : Normally Closed Relay Working Process

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Assume opened the door and entered the washroom and then closed the door behind you.
This action will make the switch open(when the door is opened first) and close(when you
close the door).

4.2 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

After setting all the components by following the description, it works successfully. If
there is no object obstructing the sensors the light remains off. Because the active IR
sensor sends a ‘1’ to the signal pin of the relay. The signal ‘1’ means the absence of any
object in front of the sensor.

Figure 4.2 : Project Final Image - 1

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As there is no object obstructing the sensor’s light switch is open. As we are used
normally closed relay. Hence the LED bulb is off.

Figure 4.3 : Project Final Image - 2

When the object obstructs the sensor strip the light switch becomes closed and the switch
becomes on. Therefore we can say that the project successfully works.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 CONCLUSION

The proposed system “Automatic Washroom Light Controller” has been successfully
designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware
components used. The presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed
carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit. In view of energy crises
throughout the world, judicious planning for effective utilization of devices, and
technology using different renewable resources is essential. In the booming technological
world, home automation has become the most popular as well as economic in saving
electrical in once-daily life. This paper represents the simple operation of an intelligent
electronic component that is programmed to control the washroom light using an
electromagnetic relay coil.

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE

In the research we have designed a system to give a complete solution for the
automatic switching of washroom lights. The wastage of time for manual switching and
energy can be eliminated and is one of the important criteria in once-daily life. Using this
research unit we can also automate residential lightning and could setup in small to big
industries.

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REFERENCES

[1]http://www.noidaelectronics.com/uses-of-copper-wire-and-its-types.html , June 2022

[2]What is a Relay? How Relay Works & Different Types of Relay (circuitdigest.com),
June 2022

[3]https://www.elprocus.com/5v-relay-module/#:~:text=A%205v%20relay%20is%20an,r
anges%20from%200%20to%205V , June 2022

[4]https://www.fierceelectronics.com/sensors/what-ir-sensor , June 2022

[5]https://www.watelectronics.com/ir-sensor/ , June 2022

[6]https://www.arrow.com/en/research-and-events/articles/understanding-active-and-passi
ve-infrared-sensors , June 2022

[7]www.electronicshub.com, EEE project Ideas , June 2022

[8]https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5358701/ , June 2022

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