INTRODUCTION TO

ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Define plumbing
2. Know the plumbing history and why plumbing is important
3. Be familiar with the plumbing system and its components
WHAT IS ENGINEERING UTILITIES ALL

The course focuses on

ABOUT?
the mechanical systems, fire protection
systems, sanitary/plumbing systems, and acoustics in buildings.

MECHANIC PLUMBING FIRE

AL SYSTEM SYSTEM PROTECTIO
N SYSTEM
 WHAT IS PLUMBING?
The art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other
apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to
dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases and
other substances out of buildings in safe, orderly, healthy and
sanitary way to ensure the health and sanitation of life and
property.
A Plumber is a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation.
 WHY PLUMBING IS IMPORTANT?
Plumbing is as important to your residential or commercial
building as oxygen is to the body. Plumbing services ensure that
water comes in and out of your house properly. The aims and
objectives of a good plumbing system are as follows:
1. To provide Water Supply Goals
2. To provide Liquid and Solid Waste Disposal Goals
 WATER SUPPLY GOALS
The goal for every community or group of homes should be for a piped
central source of good-quality water for all domestic uses. These are some of
the goals we want to achieve with good plumbing system:
1. The local drinking-water supply should be adequate in terms of quantity,
safety, continuity and reliability
2. Water supplied for human consumption should be safe at all times
3. Every building should have an internal drinking-water piped system
4. Water should be conserved by minimizing leakage and wastage
5. Water should be supplied from a suitable number of accessible and
hygienic fixtures
6. Building contents should be protected from the effects of malfunctioning
of the plumbing system
 LIQUID AND SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
GOALS
The goal for every community or group of homes should be for a piped
central source of good-quality water for all domestic uses. These are some of
the goals we want to achieve with good plumbing system:
1. Liquid wastes should be disposed of promptly and hygienically
2. Drainage systems should be of adequate size and easily cleaned
3. Drainage systems should be equipped with liquid seal traps
4. All drains should be adequately ventilated
5. Deleterious substances should be excluded from sewers
6. Backflow of sewage should be prevented
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING
4000-3000 B.C. – First water pipes
Many historians credit the town of Mohenjo-Daro, in modern-day Pakistan
and India, as being the birthplace of sewers around 3500 B.C. The Indus
River Valley Civilization, also called the Harappan Civilization, was known for
many other innovations, as well, such as a system of standard weights and
measures, and the production of metals such as copper, bronze, and tin.

In this area, individual homes drew water from wells through masonry
conduits. Wastewater was sent from the houses to covered drains that lined
the main streets. Historians believe that cleanliness important to this
civilization, because even the smallest houses were connected to the public
drainage system. .
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING
2500 B.C. – First copper pipes
The Egyptians developed early piping systems, having devised techniques to
create copper alloys. Their smiths created and used copper tools and pipes
for their irrigation systems to control water flowing from the Nile River, which
flooded their crops when it ran too high, and left their fields parched when it
ran too low.

In 1994, archaeologists excavating the remains of a pyramid’s funerary

complex discovered a copper plumbing and drainage system. The pyramid
itself was estimated to be about 4,500 years old, dating back to around
2600-2500 B.C. Egyptians believed that the dead enjoyed the same luxuries
as the living, which explains the plumbing.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING
2000-1,000 B.C. – First drainage and sewage systems
Around 1700-1500 B.C., ancient engineers took advantage of the steep grade of the
land on the Greek island of Crete to create a drainage system with lavatories, sinks,
and manholes. The system consisted of terra cotta pipes with perfect joint sockets,
and the pipes were tapered to prevent sediment from building up. It was the most
advanced drainage system of its time.
Inside a queen’s bathroom from the time, archaeologists discovered a 5-foot-long
bathtub that apparently was filled and drained by hand. The water was emptied into a
cavity in the floor and, eventually, into the Kairatos River. Also, the bathroom
contained what is believed to have been the world’s earliest “flushing” water closet,
screened off by partitions and flushed by rainwater or water from cisterns.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING
710 B.C. – The world’s first shower (kind of)
Though the first modern, mechanical shower wouldn’t be invented for thousands of
years, the first practical showers were created for royalty. One of the earliest records
comes from 710 B.C., when King Sargon II of Assyria directed his slaves to pour cold
water over his head so he could bathe.

500 BC-AD 476- Roman plumbing systems

The Romans built aqueducts to transport water from the countryside into Rome. At
one point, these aqueducts carried about 1.2 billion liters of freshwater 57 miles
every day. After the water passed through the aqueducts, it was collected in tanks
and distributed through tunnels of pipes to baths, fountains, and toilets. Wealthy
Romans had hot and cold water, as well as a sewage system. Public bathrooms and
water supplies would come later, as further advancements were made.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING
1596 – First flushing toilet (aka ‘The John’)
Fast-forward to 1596, about 500 years ago, when Sir John Harington, godson of
Queen Elizabeth I, created the first flushing toilet. Harington, who had been banished
from the royal court for telling risqué stories, built a home and created the first
flushing toilet. After forgiving him, Elizabeth visited her godson and was so impressed
by his invention that she ordered him to build one for her at Richmond Palace … and
bathroomgoers ever since have invoked the inventor’s name in “the John.”

Mid-1600s – America’s first citywide water system

In 1652, the first city water system was built in Boston. Early settlers came together
and formed a corporation to build the “Conduit,” a waterworks system for fighting
fires as well as for domestic use. Most of the system’s vent piping was made of
hollowed-out tree logs.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING
Middle of the 19th Century
U.S. began to develop practical water and sewage systems. Wastewater treatment
still proved to be a problem for many cities. Scientists later discovered that treating
water supplies with chlorine would kill deadly bacteria.

20th Century
New plastic compounds called thermoplastic and thermosets have been developed.
Polyvinyl Chloride PVC developed in the 1930s was the first plastic used in plumbing.

21st Century
Societies worldwide began to recognize the need to make wise use of natural
resources, especially fresh water.
Those efforts include practices such as rainwater harvesting the reuse of graywater
and technologies such as the creation of bioswales.
HISTORY OF PLUMBING
 PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
• The birth of plumbing profession traced back to the 17th
century as Spaniards established Walled City known as
Intramuros as a model community.
• In 1902, the PLUMBING TRADE was duly recognized by the
government.
• Master Plumber John F. Hass became the 1st Chief of Division
of Plumbing Construction and Construction. A plumbing code
based on the Plumbing Code of the US was incorporated into
the Building Code for the City of Manila.
 PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
• In 1935 the National Master Plumbers Association of the
Philippines (NAMPAP) was organized and registered with the
SEC.
• City Ordinance 2411 known as “The Plumbing Code for the
City of Manila” was enacted with the consultation of NAMPAP
• In 1954, the 3rd Congress of the Republic of the Philippines
approved after the third reading House Bill No. 962. This
became Republic Act No. 1378.
• On June 28, 1955, R.A. 1378 known as the “Plumbing Code of
the Philippines” was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay
 PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
• In December 21, 1999 pursuant t Section 4 of R.A. 1378,
Joseph Ejercito Estrada approved the Revised Plumbing Code
of 1999.
THE PLUMBING SYSTEM
The plumbing system includes all potable water supply and
distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary
and storm drainage system; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and
downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, including their
respective joints and connections.

SUPPLY DRAINAG
FIXTURES
PIPE E PIPE
PLUMBING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

SANITARY DRAINAGE AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PLUMBING FIXTURE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

FUEL AND GAS PIPING SYSTEM

 THE PLUMBING CYCLE
DISTRIBUTIO
SUPPLY N USE

Water Mains, Pressure Plumbing

Storage Tanks piping Fixtures
networks

SOURCE COLLECTION

Lakes, Rivers, Gravity Piping

Reservoirs Networks
TREATMENT DISPOSAL
Sewage Plants,
Sanitary and
Natural
Purification Storm Sewers