Introduction

to Plumbing
and Basic
Principle
Engineering Utilities 2: Module 1

Prepared by:
Engr. JFP
 LESSONS

1 2 3 4 5
Fundamental History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic
s of Plumbing Plumbing Plumbing Terminologies Principle of
Plumbing

2 Module 1 2023
 LESSONS

1 2 3 4 5
Fundamentals History of Objectives Plumbing Basic Principle
of Plumbing Plumbing of Plumbing Terminologie of Plumbing
s

3 Module 1 2023
Fundamentals
of Plumbing

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Fundamentals
of Plumbing
Etymology
The word “PLUMB” is originated
from the Latin word “PLUMBUM”
which means “Lead” as Lead
pipes are the first effective pipes
used during Roman Era

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Plumbing is the art and technique of installing
pipes, fixtures and other apparatuses in buildings
for bringing in the supply, liquids, substances
and/or ingredients, and removing them; and such
water, liquid and other carried wastes hazardous to
health, sanitation, life, property; also the pipes and
fixtures after installation i.e., the plumbing system.
(Section 217.6 The Revised National Plumbing Code
of the Philippines 1999)

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Plumbing System includes all potable water supply
and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all
sanitary and storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof
drains, leaders and downspouts; and all building drains
and sewers, including their respective joints and
connections; devices, receptacles, and appurtenances
within the property; water lines in the premises: potable,
tap, hot and chilled water piping; potable water treating
or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and
vents for same.

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In summary, Plumbing
systems has:
1. Water Supply and Water
Distribution
2. Plumbing Fixtures
3. Drainage Systems

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Plumbing Cycle

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3 CLASSIFICATION OF PLUMBERS
1. Apprentice Plumber- A plumber-in-training
and a helper to a journeyman. Usually
practices the plumbing trade for 3-5 years.

2. Journeyman Plumber- A plumber that is

able to finish his apprenticeship and is able to
install/repair/alter the plumbing system.

3. Master Plumber- A plumber that is

technically and legally qualified, and licensed
to practice the profession of Master Plumbing
without limitations

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 LESSONS

1 2 3 4 5
Fundamental History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic
s of Plumbing Plumbing Plumbing Terminologies Principle of
Plumbing

11 Module 1 2023
 LESSONS

1
2 3 4 5
Fundamental History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic Principle
s of Plumbing
Plumbing Plumbing Terminologies of Plumbing

12 Module 1 2023
History of
Plumbing
History of Plumbing
Evidence of Plumbing
4000 years ago- the ancient Greeks had hot and cold water systems in buildings.
The Minoan Palace of Knossos on the isle of Crete had terra cotta (baked clay)
piping laid beneath the palace floor. Drainage systems emptied into large sewers
constructed of stone. Surprisingly, although hot and cold water systems were in
place, for the Spartan warrior it was unmanly to use hot water.

14 Presentation title 20XX

Evidence of Plumbing
2800 years ago- the Romans had in place highly developed community plumbing
system in which water was conveyed over many miles by large aqueducts. Water
was then distributed to residences in lead pipes.

By the 4th century C.E., Rome had 11 public baths, over 1300 public fountains and
cisterns, and over
850 private baths.

Historians theorize that lead leaching into drinking water from water supply pipes
and lead from other sources poisoned the Roman aristocracy, contributing to the
decline of the Roman Empire.

15 Presentation title 20XX

Assignment: Collaboration work (From a group of
5 or less)
1. How does plumbing play role in the outbreak of deadly bubonic
plague?

2. How does Ancient Egyptians water wheel work and its significant
effect on modern plumbing?

3. Function of Archimedes’ screw

4. The link between Sanitation and Public Health (Epidemic,

Pandemic or outbreaks)

16 Presentation title 20XX

Plumbing in the Philippines
The birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines is traced back to the 17 th
century. The Walled City known as Intramuros was established by the
Spaniards as a model community. The Friar Engineers who built the
government buildings, residential and other structures, incorporated European
standards in their plumbing installations.

During the 18 th and 19 th centuries, the Filipino plumbers were assigned the
task of
maintaining, repairing and or/ remodeling plumbing systems in all “pueblos” or
towns including churches, convents and government buildings. The recognized
plumbers then were called upon by the “illustrados” or the elite group to act as
consultants of plumber journeymen on matters pertaining to plumbing installations
in17 villas and mansions. Presentation title 20XX
Plumbing in the Philippines
20 th century arrival of American soldiers,Engineer. Health and hygiene became
priority when epidemics including cholera, leprosy, schistosomiasis and other contagious
diseases engulfed the Philippines. Alarmed, Governor General Harrison issued a letter of
instruction on proper waste disposal in all municipalities.
1902
-Plumbing trade was recognized by the government
-John F. Hass the first chief of the division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection
1935
-NAtional Master Plumber Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was orhanized.
-NAMPAP was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
-Initiated by NAMPAP, the Department of Public Services of the City of Manila was

created by an Act of Congress. City Ordinance 2411, otherwise known as “The

Plumbing Code for the City of Manila” was enacted in consultation with
18 Presentation title 20XX
NAMPAP.
Plumbing in the Philippines
1954
-House Bill No. 962 was approved by the Third Congress and became R.A. 1378

1955
-R.A. 1378 was signed by Pres. Ramon Magsaysay on June 18, 1955
- RA 1378 is other wise known as “Plumbing Law of the Philippines”

1959
-The National Plumbing Code of the Philippines was prepared by NAMPAP
- January 28, 1959, Malacañang promulgated and approved NPCP.

19 Presentation title 20XX

Plumbing in the Philippines
1966
-The Board of examiner for Master Plumbers and the NAMPAP prepared a
curriculum for Plumbing Engineering and was approved by DepEd and was first
introduce at FEATI University.
1967
- The first amendment to the NPC was approved
- “Asbestos-Cement Pipe” was already and approved plumbing material.
1999
-in 1996 the Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines was drafted and December
21, 1999 was approved by Pres. Joseph Ejercito Estrada.

20 Presentation title 20XX

 LESSONS

1 2 3 4 5
Fundamental History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic
s of Plumbing Plumbing Plumbing Terminologies Principle of
Plumbing

21 Module 1 2023
 LESSONS

1 2 3 4 5
Fundamentals History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic Principle
of Plumbing Plumbing Plumbing Terminologies of Plumbing

22 Module 1 2023
Objectives of
Plumbing

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Objectives of
Plumbing
Plumbing is the Art and Science of installing
pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to
1. Convey and supply water in buildings
2. Disposed of and discharge waste water and
other liquids, gases and other substances out of
the
building in a safe, orderly, healthy, and sanitary
way
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Conditions for an Effective Water Supply in
Building
a. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply
each fixture
b. To prevent backflow of used water into the
water supply system.

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The drainage system should accomplish the
following:
a. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum
probability of leakage and stoppage of drains
b. To prevent the entry of house vermin and
obnoxious gases into the house from the piping
system.

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 LESSONS

1 2 3 4 5
Fundamental History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic
s of Plumbing Plumbing Plumbing Terminologies Principle of
Plumbing

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 LESSONS

1 2 3 4 5
Fundamentals History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic Principle
of Plumbing Plumbing Plumbing
Terminologies of Plumbing

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Plumbing
Terminologies

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Plumbing
Terminologies
AIR BREAK- A physical separation, it can be a low
inlet into indirect waste receptor from the fixture,
appliance, or device indirectly connected.

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AIRGAP, DRAINAGE- Unobstructed Vertical Distance
through free atmosphere between the lowest opening from
any pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance or appurtenance
conveying waste to the flood level rim of the receptor.
AIRGAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION- Unobstructed Vertical
Distance through free atmosphere between the lowest
opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water
to the flood-level rim of any tank, vat or fixture.

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BACKFLOW- The flow of water or other liquids into the
distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any
source other than its intended source.

BACK PRESSURE (Plus Pressure)- occurs due to increased

reverse pressure above the supply pressure. Often cause
by pumps, broilers, gravity or other sources of pressures.

BACK SIPHONAGE- the flowing back of used,

contaminated, or polluted water from a plumbing fixture
into water supply pipe due to negative pressure in such
pipe. (Negative Pressure-Back flow)

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BATTERY OF FIXTURE- Any two or more similar
adjacent fixtures when discharge into a common
horizontal soil or waste branch.

BELL OR HUB - that portion of a pipe which, for a

short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the
end of another pipe of the same diameter for the
purpose of making a caulked or push-on joint.

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BRANCH - any part of the piping system other than
a main, riser or stack

BUILDING DRAIN - the part of the lowest horizontal

piping of a drainage system which receives the
discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes
inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the
building sewer beginning 0.6 meter outside the
building wall.
BUILDING SEWER – the part of the horizontal
piping of a drainage system which starts from the
end of the
building drain and which receives the discharge of
the building drain and conveys it to a public sewer,
private sewer, individual sewage disposal system or
other point of disposal.

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CHASE- a vertical shaft for installation of different
pipe stacks.
DIAMETER - unless specifically stated, the term
"diameter'' is the nominal diameter as designated
commercially. I. D. denotes inside diameter of pipe
and O.D. denotes outside diameter of tube.
FIXTURE - a receptacle other than a trap attached
to a plumbing system in which water or wastes may
be
collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the
plumbing system.

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PLUMBING APPLIANCE -· any one of a special class
of device or equipment intended to perform a special
plumbing function. Its operation and/or control may
be dependent upon one or more energized
components, such as motors, controls, heating
elements and pressure-temperature-sensing
elements.

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PLUMBING APPURTENANCE - a manufactured
device or a prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job
assembly of component parts, and serves as adjunct
to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures. An
appurtenance demands no additional water supply
nor does it add any discharge load to a fixture or the
drainage system. It performs some useful functions
in the operation, maintenance, servicing, economy
or safety of the plumbing system.

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ROUGHING-INS - the installation of all piping and
fitting parts of the plumbing system, which can be
completed prior to the installation of fixtures and
accessories. These include sanitary and storm
drainage, tap, hot and chilled water supplies, gas
piping, vent piping and the necessary fixture
supports.

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 LESSONS

1 2 3 4 5
Fundamental History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic
s of Plumbing Plumbing Plumbing Terminologies Principle of
Plumbing

39 Module 1 2023
 LESSONS

1 2 3 4
5
Fundamentals History of Objectives of Plumbing Basic Principle
of Plumbing Plumbing Plumbing Terminologies
of Plumbing

40 Module 1 2023
Basic Principle
of Plumbing

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Basic Principle
of Plumbing
There are 22 basic principles of the 1999 National
Plumbing Code of the Philippines which are
updates of the tenets in the “Plumbing Law of the
Philippines” approved on 18 June 1955 as
amended on 28 November 1959 and revised on 21
December 1999.
The basic principles are as follows:
All premises intended for human habitation,
occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply
of pure and wholesome water, neither connected
with unsafe supplies nor subject to hazards of
backflow or back siphonage.

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Basic Principle of Plumbing
1. CLEAN WATER: All premises intended for human
habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a
supply of pure and wholesome water supplies nor
subject to hazards of backflow or back-siphonage.

2. VOLUME AND PRESSURE: Plumbing fixtures,

devices and appurtenances shall be supplies with water
in
sufficient volume and at pressure adequate to enable
them to function satisfactorily and without undue
noise under all normal conditions.

3. EFFIECIENCY: Plumbing shall be designed and

adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water
consistent
with proper performance and cleaning.

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Basic Principle of Plumbing
4. EXPLOSION: Devices for heating and storing water
shall be so designed and installed as to prevent
dangers from explosion through overheating.

5. SEWER: Every building having plumbing fixtures

installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy
or USC on premises abutting on a street, alley or
easement where there is a public sewer, shall be
connected to the sewer system.

6. PLUMBING UNIT: Each family dwelling unit on

premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage-
disposal system shall have at least one water closet and
one kitchen type sink. Further, a lavatory and bathtub or
shower shall be installed to meet the basic
requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.

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Basic Principle of Plumbing
7. VENTILATION: Plumbing fixtures shall be made of
smooth non· absorbent material, free from concealed
fouling surfaces and shall be located in ventilated
enclosures.

8. CLEANOUTS: The drainage system shall be designed,

constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling,
deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate clean outs
so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned.

9. NAMPAP: All pipings of plumbing systems shall be of

durable NAMPAP (National Master Plumbers
Association of the Philippines) APPROVED materials, free
form defective workmanship, designed and
constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure
satisfactory service.

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Basic Principle of Plumbing
10. TRAP: Each fixture directly connected to the
drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed
trap.

11. AIR CIRCULATION: The drainage piping system

shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air
free from siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals
under ordinary use.

12. VENTI TERMINALS: Vent terminals shall extend

to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and
the return of foul air to the building.

13. TEST: Plumbing systems shall be subjected to

such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects
in the workmanship.

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Basic Principle of Plumbing
14. SEWAGE HARM: No substance which will clog the
pipes, produce explosive mixture, destroy the pipes or
their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal
process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage
system.

15. CONTAMINATION: Proper protection shall be

provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile
goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When
necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be
connected indirectly with the building drainage system.

16. WC LIGHT: No water closet shall be located in a

room or compartment which is not properly lighted
and ventilated.

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Basic Principle of Plumbing
17. SEPTIC TANK: If water closets or other
plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where
there is no sewer within a reasonable distance,
suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the
building sewage by some accepted method of
sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic
tank.

18. SEWAGE BACKFLOW: Where a plumbing

drainage system may be subject tb backflow of
sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent
its overflow in the building.

19. RMP: Plumbing systems shall be maintained in

serviceable condition by Registered Master
Plumbers.
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Basic Principle of Plumbing
20. ACCESSIBLE: All plumbing fixtures shall be
installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their
intended use.

21. STRUCTUIRAL STABILITY: Plumbing shall be

installed by Registered Master Plumbers with due
regard to the preservation of the strength of structural
members and the prevention of damage to walls and
other
surfaces through fixture usage.

22. SEWAGE TREATMENT: Sewage or other waste

from a plumbing system which may be deleterious to
surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharged
into the ground or into any waterway, unless first
rendered innocuous through subjection to some
acceptable form of treatment.
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Thank you!
END OF MODULE