BUILDING

UTILITIES -1
Plumbing and Sanitary Systems

Course Code : ARCH 30123

LESSON 1

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF
OF THE
THE PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
1. Plumbing and Sanitary System
Plumbing is define as the art and science of installing pipes,
fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply water in building and
to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gasses and
other substances out of building in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary
way to ensure the health and sanitation of life and property.

1.1. Concept and Principles

Objectives of Plumbing
 To supply water to the entire building
 To discharge all wastes from the building into the public sewer
or septic tank.
Requirement for an effective water supply in the building;

 To provide a sufficient water supply to all fixtures.

 To avoid back flow of used water into the water supply system.

Requirement disposing waste in the building;

 Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leaking

and stoppage of drains.
 To prevent the entry gasses to enter to the house from the
piping system.
The Drainage System:
 Solid Waste – waste discharge by water closet
 Liquid Waste – waste are coming from various
fixtures.

Types of Drainage Piping:

 Soil Pipe
 Waste Pipe

DWV – meaning Drainage – Waste - Ventilation

 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
The birth of the plumbing profession in
the Philippines is traced back to the 17th
century. The WALLED CITY known as
Intramuros was established by the
Spaniards as a model community. The
Friar Engineers who built the
government buildings, residential and
other structures, incorporated European
standards in their plumbing installations.
HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES

During the 18th and 19th centuries, the

Filipino plumbers were assigned the
task of maintaining, repairing and/or
remodelling plumbing systems in all
"pueblos" or towns including churches,
convents and government buildings.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
PLUMBING took a great leap at the turn of the 20th
century with the arrival of the American soldiers,
engineers, Thomasite teachers, doctors and evangelists.
Health and hygiene became priority when epidemics
including cholera, leprosy. schistosomiasis and other
contagious diseases engulfed the Philippines. Alarmed,
Governor General Harrison issued a letter of instruction on
proper waste disposal in all municipalities.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES

Sometime in 1902, the PLUMBING TRADE was duly recognized by

the government. The City of Manila was the model community.
Master Plumber John F. Hass became the first Chief of the Division
of Plumbing Construction and Inspection. Through the initiative of
the Filipino Master Plumbers, a plumbing code based on the
Plumbing Code of the United States was incorporated into the
Building Code for the City of Manila.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
In 1935, Francisco Geronimo, Mariano de Ocampo, Igmidio Suarez,
Eusebio Mina Jose Rivera, Raymundo Reyes, Sr., Roberto Feliciano,
Gregorio Lazaro, Raymundo Gumapac, John Jones, Trinitario Ortiz,
Valentin Casupanan, Catalino Casupanan. Crispin Francisco,
Teodoro Pastor, Cornelio Odvina and Jesus Tanghal Dera organized
the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines
(NAMPAP) and had it registered with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
The National Government, through the Bureau of Public Works, and
other cities and municipalities adopted the Plumbing Code of Manila.
NAMPAP spearheaded the enactment of a law regulating the practice
of master plumbing in the Philippines. In 1954, the Third Congress of
the Republic of the Philippines in its Second Session, approved after
the third reading House Bill No. 962. This became Republic Act
No.l378. On June 18, 1955, R.A. 1378, otherwise known as the
"PLUMBING LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES" was signed by President
Ramon Magsaysay.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
prepared by the NAMPAP was promulgated and approved by
Malacanang. NAMPAP also assisted in the passage of the law creating
the National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority (NAWASA). In 1966-
1969, the Board of Examiners for Master Plumbers and the NAMPAP
prepared a Curriculum for Plumbing Engineering that was approved by
the Department of Education and was first introduced at the Feati
University.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
On November 28, 1967, the First Amendment to the
National Plumbing Code was approved, which effected
the inclusion of "Asbestos Cement Pipe" as an approved
plumbing material. Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic
Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the “Building Code of
the Philippines” was passed with the "National Plumbing
Code of 1959" as referral code in full text.
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
In 1996, NAMPAP President JAIME M. CABASE spearheaded the
updating of the Revised National Plumbing Code. Finally, in October
1999, NAMPAP submitted the Draft Code to the Board of Master
Plumbers (BoMP) Chaired by Engr. FORTUNATO H. AMOSCO. After
careful review, the Professional Regulation Commission under
Chairman HERMOGENES POBRE adopted the Revised Plumbing
Code of 1999 which His Excellency, President JOSEPH EJERCITO
ESTRADA approved last December 21, 1999 pursuant to Section 4 of
R.A. 1378 known as the Plumbing Law
 HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
In 1996, NAMPAP President JAIME M. CABASE spearheaded the
updating of the Revised National Plumbing Code. Finally, in October
1999, NAMPAP submitted the Draft Code to the Board of Master
Plumbers (BoMP) Chaired by Engr. FORTUNATO H. AMOSCO. After
careful review, the Professional Regulation Commission under
Chairman HERMOGENES POBRE adopted the Revised Plumbing
Code of 1999 which His Excellency, President JOSEPH EJERCITO
ESTRADA approved last December 21, 1999 pursuant to Section 4 of
R.A. 1378 known as the Plumbing Law
Basic Principles Of Plumbing System
1. All the premises made for human use or habitation shall be provided
with the supply of pure and water, neither connected to unsafe water
supply nor subject to backflow or back- siphonage.
2. Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied with
water in sufficient volume and pressure adequate to function
satisfactorily and without undue noise.
3. Plumbing system shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum
quantity of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning.
4. Devices which are used for heating and storing water shall be designed
and installed in such a manner so as to prevent dangers from explosion
through overheating
Basic Principles Of Plumbing System
5. Every and every building located on a street, alley or easement with
a public sewer shall have its plumbing fixtures to the sewer system.
6. Each family dwelling unit shall have minimum of one water closet,
kitchen type sink, a bathtub or shower to fulfill the basic
requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.
7. Plumbing fixtures should be made of smooth non-absorbent material
and they should be free from concealed fouling surfaces and they
must be located in ventilated enclosures.
8. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to
prevent the fouling, deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate
cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily leaned.
Basic Principles Of Plumbing System
9. All piping shall be made of durable NANPAP-APPROVED and approved
materials. They should be free from defective workmanship and
should be designed and constructed by skilled Plumbers to ensure
satisfactory service.
10. Every plumbing fixture connected directly to the drainage system shall
be equipped with a water-sealed trap.
11. The piping system of drainage pipes shall be designed to provide
adequate circulation of free air from siphonage aspiration.
12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to prevent
clogging and the return of foul air to the building.
Basic Principles Of Plumbing System
13. Plumping systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively
disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship.
14. The materials which will clog or choke the pipes and produce
explosive mixtures or destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere
unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall not be allowed to
enter the building drainage system.
15. Proper protection shall be used to prevent spoilage of food, water,
sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When
necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected
indirectly with the building drainage system.
Basic Principles Of Plumbing System
16. Water closet which are not properly ventilated and lighted should
not be used in any compartment or room.
17. Septic tank should be constructed if there is no provision for disposal
of sewage in a certain area or building.
18. Where a plumbing system and drainage system may be subject to
backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its
overflow in the building.
19. Plumbing system and drainage system shall be maintained in
serviceable condition by skilled Plumbers.
20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be
accessible for their intended use.
Basic Principles Of Plumbing System
21. Plumbing system shall be installed with due regard to the
preservation of the strength of structural members and the
prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture
usage.
22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing systems, which may be
dangerous to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharged
into the ground or into any waterway, unless they are properly
treated.
1.2. Definition of Terms:
1. Air Gap – air gap in a water supply system, is the
unobstructed vertical distance through the free
atmosphere between the lowest opening from
any pipe of faucet supplying water to a tank,
plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood
level rim of the receptacle.
2. Back Flow – is the flow of water or
other liquid mixture or substances
into the distribution pipes of a potable
supply of water from any source.
Other than is intended source.
3. Back Siphonage – refer to the back flow of
used contaminated or polluted water
from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a
water supply pipe due to a negative
pressure in such a pipe.
4. Battery of Fixture – refers to any
group of two or more similar adjacent
fixtures which discharge into a
common horizontal waste pipe or soil
branch.

5. Bib – is synonymous with faucet, cock,

tap, plug, etc the word faucet is
preferred.
6. Bind Flange – a flange that that closes the end of
pipe. There is no opening for the passage of water.

7. Blow Off – a controlled outlet on a pipelin

used to discharge liquid or detritus.

8. Branch – is any part of pipin

system other than the main
riser or stack.
9. Branch Interval – is the length of
a soil or waste stack
corresponding in general to a
storey height, but in no case less
than 2.4 meters within which the
horizontal branches from one
floor or storey of a building are
connected to the stack.
10. Branch Vent – a vent
connecting one or more
individual vents with a
vent stack or stack vent.
11. Caulking – is plugging an opening
with oakum, lead or other
materials, that are pounded into
the place or opening.

12. Circuit vent – a branch vent that

serves two or more traps, and
extends from the front of the last
fixture connection of a horizontal
branch to the vent stack
13. Continuous Vent - is a vertical 14. Combination Fixtures – is a
vent that is a continuation of fixtures combining one sink and
the drain to which the vent tray or two or three
connects. compartment sink or tray in one
vent.

15. Common Vent – is a drain from

two or three fixtures connected
to a single trap. It is also called a
dual vent.
16. Cross connection – is any physical connection between two
otherwise separate piping system, one contains potable water and
the other from unknown or questionable safety, whereby, water
may flow from one system to the other direction.
17. Dead End – is the extended
portion of a pipe that is
closed at one end
permitting the stagnation of
water or air therein.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

18. Developed Length – the

length along the center of
the pipe and fittings.
19. Diameter – Diameter of a pipe or tube
refers to the nominal internal diameter Internal dia.
(ID) of such pipe, except brass and
copper tube where the term refers to the
outside diameter (OD) of the pipe.
20. Drainage System – Drainage system
includes, all piping within the public or
private premises the conveys sewage,
rainwater, ot other liquid waste, to a
legal point of disposal. It does not
include the mains of public sewer system
private or public sewerage treatment or
disposal plant.
21. Dry Vent – a vent that does not
DRY VENT
carry water or water borne wastes.
23. Effective opening – is the
minimum cross sectional area at
the point of water supply
discharge, measured or expressed
in terms of diameter of a circle,
the diameter of a circle that is
equivalent to the cross sectional
area. (This is applicable to air Gap)
24. Existing work – shall apply to that
portion of a plumbing system that
has been alteration or correction.
25. Fixture Branch – is a pipe
connecting several fixtures.

26. Fixture Drain – is the drain from

the trap of a fixture to the
junction of that drain with any
other drain pipe.
27. Fixture Supply – is a water supply pipe connecting the fixture with
the fixture branch
28. Fixture Units – a quantity in terms of which the load producing
effects on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing
fixtures are expressed on some arbitrarily chosen scale.
29. Fixture Unit Flow Rate – is the total discharge flow in gallons per
minute of a simple fixture divided by 7.5 gallons that provides the
flow rate of that particular plumbing fixture as a unit of flow.
Fixtures are rated as multiple of this unit of flow.
30. Flood Level – is a device located inside the tank for the purpose of
maintaining water level for effective flushing of the water closet.
31. Ferrule – a metallic sleeve called
or otherwise joined to an
opening in pipe into which a
plug is screwed that can be
removed for the purpose of
cleaning of examining the
interior of the pipe.

32. Flush Valve – a device located at

the bottom of the tank for
flushing water closets and
similar fixtures.
33. Grade – is the slope of fall of
pipe in reference to a fraction
activated by direct water
pressure.

34. Group Vent – a branch vent

that performs its function for
two or more traps.

35. Horizontal Pipe – means any

pipe of fitting which makes an
angle of more than 45° with
the vertical.
36. Invert – is the lowest
portion of the inside of
any pipe or conduit that
is not vertical.

37. Liquid Waste – is the discharge from any

fixtures, appliances or appurtenance in
connection with a plumbing system which does
not receive fecal matter.
38. Local Vent Pipe – is a pipe on the fixture side of
the trap through which vapor of foul air is
removed from a room or fixture.
39. Looped Vent – is the same as
circuit vent except that is loop
back and connects with a
stack vent instead of a vent
stack.

40. Lateral – in plumbing, it is a

secondary pipe, in sewage, a
common sewer to which no
other common sewer is
tributary. It receives sewage
only from building sewer.
41. Main – the main of any system of
continuous piping is the principal
artery of the system to which
branches may be connected.

42. Main Sewer – a sewer line or

system directly controlled by public
authority.

43. Main Vent – the principal artery of

the venting system to which vent
braches maybe connected.
44. Plumbing Fixtures – are installed
receptacles, devices or appliances which
are supplied with water, or which
receives or discharge into drainage
system which maybe directly or indirectly
connected.
45. Plumbing system – includes the water
supply distribution pipes, plumbing
fixtures and traps, soil, waste and vent
pipes, house drain and house sewers
including their respective connections,
devices and appurtenances within the
property lines of premises and water
treating or water using equipment.
46. Relief Vent – primarily function is to
provide circulation of air between drainage
and vent system.
47. Re-Vent Pipe – also called individual vent, is
the part of vent pipeline which connects
directly with an individual waste or group of
wastes underneath or bacl of the fixture,
and extend either to the main or branch
vent pipe.
48. Riser – a water supply pipe extends
vertically one full storey or more to convey
water to branches or fixtures.
49. Rough-In – the installation of all parts of the plumbing system and
includes waste, drainage, vent and fixtures.

50. Return Bend – an open return bend usually with inside threads, but
applied also to 180° bend in pipe.

51. Public Sewer – a common sewer directly controlled by public authorities

where all abutters have equal rights of connection.
52. Sanitary Sewage – sewage
containing human excrement and
liquid household waste. It is also
called domestic sewage.
53. Sanitary sewer – a sewer intended to
receive sanitary sewage with or
without industrial wastes and
without the admixture of surface
water, storm water or drainage.
54. Sewerage of Sewage work – a
comprehensive term including all
construction or collection,
transportation, pumping, treatment
and final disposition of sewage.
55. Secondary Branch – a branch
in a building drain other than
the primary branch.

56. Siamese Connection – is a Y

connection used on fire lines
so that two lines of hose
maybe connected to a hydrant
or to the same nozzle.
57. Standpipe – a vertical pipe usually
used for the storage of water,
frequently under pressure.
58. Side Vent – is a vent connecting to the
drain pipe through a fitting at an
angle not greater that 45° or to the
vertical.
59. Soil Pipe – any pipe that conveys the
discharge of water closets or fixture
having similar functions, with or
without the discharge from other
fixtures, to the building drains (house
drain) or building sewer (house
sewer).
60. Stack – is the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipe.

61. Stack Group – is a term applied to the location of fixtures in relation

to the stack so that by means of proper fittings, vents may be
reduced to a minimum.

62. Stack Venting – is a method of venting a fixture or fixtures through

the soil or waste stack.

63. Stack Venting – is a method of venting a fixture or fixtures through

the soil or waste stack.
64. Sump – a pit or receptacle at a low point to
which the liquid waste are drained.
65. Trap – is a fitting or device so designed as
to provide when property vented a liquid
seal that will prevent the back passage of
air without materially affecting the flow of
sewage through it.
66. Trap Seal – is the maximum vertical depth
of liquid that trap will retain, measured
between the crown weir and top of the dip
of the trap.
67. Vent Stack – a vertical pipe installed primarily for the purpose of
providing circulation of air to different parts of the drainnage system.
68. Vent System – is a pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow or circulation
of air to different parts of the drainage system.
69. Vertical Pipe – a pipe installed in a vertical position or at an angle of not
more than 45° with the vertical.
70. Waste Pipe - a pipe that conveys liquid waste from fixture that is free of
fecal matter.
71. Water Distribution Pipe – water distributing pipe in a building or
premises, is a pipe that conveys water from the water service pipe to the
plumbing fixtures and other water outlets.
72. Water Supply system – consists of the water service pipe, water
distribution, pipes and necessary connecting pipes, fittings, control
valves and all appurtenances in or adjacent to the building.
THANK YOU