Finalexam Circuits Fall19

Culture & Science City ICE 102‫ دوائر كهربية‬- Electric Circuits
High Institute of Engineering Solution of Final Exam – Fall 2019

Mechatronics Department - 1st Year Time: 3 hours
Question 1 [8 Marks]
An inductance of 7 mH has a voltage v L ( t )=40 V and initial current I 0 =i L ( 0 )=0 A
- Write the time domain expressions and plot currenti L ( t ) , power p L ( t ) and energy w L ( t )
W
- Calculate the maximum stored energy max after 6 msec.
L=7 mH , v l ( t )=40 v ,and I 0 =i L ( 0 )=0 A
( )
t t 4
1 1 4 × 10
i L ( t )= ∫ v ( t ) dt+i L ( 0 )= 7 ×10
L0 L −3 ∫
40 dt +0=
7
3
t=5.714 × 10 t A mp
0
p L ( t ) =v L ( t ) ×i L ( t ) =( 40 ) ( 5.714 × 103 t ) =228.571× 103 t Watt
t t
w L ( t )=∫ p L ( t ) dt +w L ( 0 )=∫ 228.571 ×10 t dt=114.286 ×10 t Joule
3 3 2
Maximum stored energy after 5 msec

0 0
−3 2
W max =w L ( 6 msec )=( 114.286× 10 ) ( 6 ×10 ) =4.11 Joule
3
Use the Thevenin principle to find current I in the circuit shown below.
First a Thevenin equivalent is obtained,

Cut the Resistance of current I
To calculate Rth
Rth =R ab=6 Ω
Note:
Open current source
Short voltage source
To calculate V th
V th =V ab=9 ( 6 ) +15
¿ 69 ( V )
Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
V th 69 69
I= = = =6.27 3 Amp
R th +3 6+ 5 11

Use the branch current method to find all branch currents for the circuit shown below.
¿ KCL :
I 1=I 2+ I 3∧I 3=I 4 + I 5

KVL for Loop1 :0=9−I 1−4 I 2 , I 1=I 2+ I 3
∴ 9−5 I 2−I 3=0 , I 3=I 4 + I 5
∴ 5 I 2 + I 4 + I 5=9 Eq.1
KVL for Loop 2:10=4 I 2−6 I 3−5 I 4 , I 3=I 4 + I 5
∴ 4 I 2−11 I 4 −6 I 5 =10 Eq.2
KVL for Loop 3: 0=10+5 I 4−2 I 5 +3
∴ 5 I 4 −2 I 5 =−13 Eq.3
2 I 5−13
∴ I 4=
5
2 I 5−13
using eq 1 , 5 I 2 + + I 5 =9 ×5
5
58−7 I 5
∴ I2 =
25
using eq 2 , 4 ( 58−7 I 5
25 ) (−11
2 I 5−13
5 ) −6 I 5 =10 ×2 5
∴ 232−28 I 5−110 I 5 +715−150 I 5=250
697
∴ I5 = =2.42 A
288
58−7 I 5 58−7 (2.42 )
∴ I2 = = =1.64 A
25 25
2 I 5−13 2 ( 2.42 )−13
∴ I 4= = =−1.63 A
5 5
∴ I 3 =I 4 + I 5 =2.42−1.63=0.79 A
∴ I 1 =I 2 + I 3=1.64+ 1.79=2.43 A
For the circuit shown below, deduce the time domain expression for the current i ( t ) and
capacitor voltage v C ( t ) when the switch is closed at time
t=0 sec . Assume the capacitor initial voltage is zero switch
V 0 =v C ( 0 ) =0 volts .
i C
Vs
Capacitor is uncharged with voltage v C ( 0 )=0
R
v sw =v C ( 0 )=0
V S =v R + v C then ,
i=i C =i R
d v C v R −( v C −V S )
C = =
dt R R
d v C −1
∴
dt
= ( v −V S )
RC C
d vC −1
∴ = dt
v C −V S RC
First order linear differential equation
Solve by separation of variables method
v C (t ) t
1 −1
∴ ∫ v −V d vC = ∫ dt
RC 0
v (0 ) C
C
S
v ( t ) −1
∴ ln ( v C −V S ) C = (t) t
v C ( 0 ) RC 0
−t
∴ ln ( v C ( t )−V S )−ln ( 0−V S ) =
RC
( v C ( t )−V S ) −t
∴ ln =
−V S RC
( v C ( t ) −V S ) −t
∴ =e RC
−V S
( 1−e )
−t −t
RC RC
∴ v C ( t )=V S −V S e =V S
Time constant, τ =RC ∴ v C ( t )=V S ( 1−e−t /τ )

d vC d CV
=C (V S ( 1−e ) )= S e−t / RC
−t / RC
¿ , i c ( t )=C
dt dt RC
V S −t /τ
¿ , i R ( t )=i c ( t )= e
R
−t / τ
¿ , v R ( t ) =i R ( t ) R=V S e
Two sinusoidal voltages v 1 ( ωt )=7 sin ωt− ( π
4 ) (
and v 2 ( ωt )=9 sin ωt +
π
12 ) have a
frequency f =50 Hz .
a) Plot v 1 ( ωt ) and v 2 ( ωt ) in the range 0≤ωt≤2 π radians.
b) Plot the phasors for V 1 and V 2 .
c) State the phase shift and time shift between V 1 and V 2
Question 5
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
v 1=7 ∡−45 °
v 2=9 ∡ 15°
Phase shift=45 ° +15 °=60 °

π /3 1
Time shift , t= = =3 .33 m sec
2 πf 3× 2× 50
Calculate the equivalent impedance
Z eq and admittance Y eq for the three branch circuit
shown below. Compute I
( )
−1
1 1 1 −1
Z eq= + + =( Y eq )
Z1 Z2 Z3
¿ , Y eq =Y 1+ Y 2+ Y 3
1 2− j 6 1 7+ j3
Y 1= × =0.05− j 0.15 Y 2= × =0.12− j 0.052
2+ j 6 2− j 6 7− j 3 7+ j3
1 1
Y 3= = =j
− j 4+ j1 − j 1
∴ Y eq =0. 05− j0. 15+ ( 0. 12− j0. 05 2 ) + j
¿ 0. 17+ j0.2 35= √ ( 0. 17 )2 + ( 0.2 35 )2 ∡ tan−1 ( 0.235

0. 17 )
¿ 0. 29 ∡ 54 ° siemense
1 1
∴ Z eq = = =3.44 ∡−54 ° Ω=2.022− j 2.785 Ω
Y eq 0. 29∡ 54 °
V 220 ∡ 75 °
I= = =63.9 ∡ 129 ° A
Z eq 3.44 ∡−54 °

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Culture & Science City ICE 102‫ دوائر كهربية‬- Electric Circuits

High Institute of Engineering Solution of Final Exam – Fall 2019

p L ( t ) =v L ( t ) ×i L ( t ) =( 40 ) ( 5.714 × 103 t ) =228.571× 103 t Watt

Maximum stored energy after 5 msec

First a Thevenin equivalent is obtained,

Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

Question 3 [10 Marks]

I 1=I 2+ I 3∧I 3=I 4 + I 5

Time constant, τ =RC ∴ v C ( t )=V S ( 1−e−t /τ )

Phase shift=45 ° +15 °=60 °

¿ 0. 17+ j0.2 35= √ ( 0. 17 )2 + ( 0.2 35 )2 ∡ tan−1 ( 0.235

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