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Designation: A 193/A 193M – 04c

Standard Specification for

Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-
Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 193/A 193M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units

1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolt- and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
ing material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings applicable M specification designation (SI units), the material
for high-temperature service. The term bolting material as used shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
in this specification covers bars, bolts, screws, studs, stud bolts, 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
and wire. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought. The material are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
strain hardened austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly cation.
understood. 2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and
austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. 2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, me- A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
chanical properties, and high-temperature characteristics. Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure or High-Temperature
Service, or Both
NOTE 1—The committee formulating this specification has included A 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy/Steel Bolting Mate-
fifteen steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present
rials for Low-Temperature Service
purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the
committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. A 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy
NOTE 2—For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use at Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasten-
the lower range of high-temperature applications, reference should be ers
made to Specification A 354. A 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirements
NOTE 3—For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use in for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended
low-temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep
A 320/A 320M.
Range
1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered in E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Section 13. Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
1.4 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S10 are pro- E 21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests
vided for use when additional tests or inspection are desired. of Metallic Materials
These shall apply only when specified in the purchase order. E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E 139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
1
E 150 Practice for Conducting Creep and Creep-Rupture
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Tension Tests of Metallic Materials Under Conditions of
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 193/A 193M-04b. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-193 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 A 193/A 193M – 04c
Rapid Heating and Short Times4 nitrogen-bearing stainless steels; Class 1D applies to material
E 151 Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic Materials at carbide solution treated by cooling rapidly from the rolling
Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating and Conven- temperature),
tional or Rapid Strain Rates4 3.2.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,
E 292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture screws, or studs),
Notch Tension Tests of Materials 3.2.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with
E 328 Test Methods for Stress-Relaxation Tests for Materi- 13.1,
als and Structures 3.2.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, 3.2.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 6.3, 6.5.1,
Blooms, and Forgings 10.2, 14.1, and 15.1.
E 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting 3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
of Ferrous Metals with the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M the
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination requirements of this specification shall prevail.
F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-
erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, 4. Manufacture (Process)
Washers, and Rivets 4.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the following
2.2 ANSI Standards:5 processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or
B1.1 Screw Threads vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The molten steel may be
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws vacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strand
B18.2.3.1M Metric Hex Cap Screws casting.
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws 4.2 Quality—See Specification A 962/A 962M for require-
B18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws ments.
2.3 AIAG Standard:6
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli- 5. Discard
cation Standard
5.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom
3. General Requirements and Ordering Information from injurious piping and undue segregation.
3.1 Material supplied to this material specification shall
6. Heat Treatment
conform to Specification A 962/A 962M. These requirements
outline the testing and retesting methods and procedures, 6.1 Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suits
permissible variations in dimensions, and mass, quality and the high-temperature characteristics of each grade. Immedi-
repair of defects, etc. ately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall be
3.2 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transfor-
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase mation range. The materials which are to be furnished in the
the needed material. Examples of such information include, but liquid-quenched condition shall then be uniformly reheated to
are not limited to, the ordering information in Specification the proper temperature to refine the grain (a group thus
A 962/A 962M and the following: reheated being known as a quenching charge) and quenched in
3.2.1 Heat-treated condition (that is, normalized and tem- a liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions for
pered, or quenched and tempered, for the ferritic materials, and each quenching charge. Use of water quenching is prohibited
carbide solution treated (Class 1), carbide solution treated after for any ferritic grade when heat treatment is part of the fastener
finishing (Class 1A), and carbide solution treated and strain- manufacturing process. This prohibition does not apply to heat
hardened (Classes 2, 2B and 2C), for the austenitic stainless treated bar or to fasteners machined therefrom. The materials
steels; Classes 1B and 1C apply to the carbide solution-treated that are to be furnished in the normalized or air-quenched
condition shall be reheated to the proper temperature to refine
the grain and cooled uniformly in air to a temperature below
4

5
Withdrawn. the transformation temperature range. The material, whether
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
liquid-quenched or normalized, shall then be uniformly re-
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
6
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite 200, heated for tempering. The minimum tempering temperature
Southfield, MI 48034. shall be as specified in Table 2 and Table 3.

2
 A 193/A 193M – 04c
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)A

Type . . . . . . . . . Ferritic Steels

Grade . . . . . . . . B5 B6 and B6X
UNS Designation . . . . . . . . 5% Chromium 12 % Chromium
S 41000 (410)
Range Product Variation, Range Product Variation
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.08–0.15 0.01 over
Manganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 over
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 over
Chromium 4.0–6.0 0.10 11.5–13.5 0.15
Molybdenum 0.40–0.65 0.05 ... ...

Type . . . . . . . . . . Ferritic Steels

Grade . . . . . . B7, B7M B16
C
Description . . . . . . . . . Chromium-Molybdenum Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium
Product Variation, Product Variation,
Range Over or UnderB Range Over or UnderB
Carbon 0.37–0.49D 0.02 0.36–0.47 0.02
Manganese 0.65–1.10 0.04 0.45–0.70 0.03
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.02 0.15–0.35 0.02
Chromium 0.75–1.20 0.05 0.80–1.15 0.05
Molybdenum 0.15–0.25 0.02 0.50–0.65 0.03
Vanadium ... ... 0.25–0.35 0.03
Aluminum, max %E ... ... 0.015 ...
Type Austenitic Steels,F Classes 1, 1A, 1D, and 2
Grade . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PA
UNS Designation . . . . . . S 30400 (304) S 34700 (347) S 31600 (316) S 30500
Product Variation, Product Variation, Product Variation, Product Variation,
Range Range Range Range
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Chromium 18.0–20.0 0.20 17.0–19.0 0.20 16.0–18.0 0.20 17.0–19.0 0.20
Nickel 8.0–11.0 0.15 9.0–12.0 0.15 10.0–14.0 0.15 11.0–13.0 0.15
Molybdenum ... ... ... ... 2.00–3.00 0.10 ... ...
Columbium + ... ... 10 x carbon 0.05 under ... ... ... ...
tantalum content, min;
1.10 max

3
 A 193/A 193M – 04c

TABLE 1 Continued
Type . . . . . . . . . . Austenitic Steels,F Classes 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2
Grade . . . . . B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNA
UNS Designation . . . . . . . . . . S 30451 (304N) S 31651 (316N) S 31254
Product Variation, Product Variation, Range
Range Range
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.010
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80
Chromium 18.0–20.0 0.20 16.0–18.0 0.20 19.5–20.5
Nickel 8.0–11.0 0.15 10.0–13.0 0.15 17.5–18.5
Molybdenum ... ... 2.00–3.00 0.10 6.0–6.5
Nitrogen 0.10–0.16 0.01 0.10–0.16 0.01 0.18–0.22
Copper ... ... ... ... 0.50–1.00

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2

Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B8T, B8TA
UNS Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 32100 (321)
Product Variation,
Range
Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel 9.0–12.0 0.15
Chromium 17.0–19.0 0.20
Titanium 5 x (C + N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 under
Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C and 1D
Grade B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SA
UNS Designation S 20910 S 21800
Product Variation, Product Variation,
Range Range
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 over
Manganese 4.0–6.0 0.05 7.0–9.0 0.06
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 3.5–4.5 0.15
Chromium 20.5–23.5 0.25 16.0–18.0 0.20
Nickel 11.5–13.5 0.15 8.0–9.0 0.10
Molybdenum 1.50–3.00 0.10 ... ...
Nitrogen 0.20–0.40 0.02 0.08–0.18 0.01
Columbium + tantalum 0.10–0.30 0.05 ... ...
Vanadium 0.10–0.30 0.02 ... ...

Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1D

Grade B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNA
UNS Designation S 30453 S 31653
Product Variation, Product Variation,
Range Range
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Manganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Chromium 18.0–20.0 0.20 16.0–18.0 0.20
Nickel 8.0–11.0 0.15 10.0–13.0 0.15
Molybdenum ... ... 2.00–3.00 0.10
Nitrogen 0.10–0.16 0.01 0.10–0.16 0.01
A
The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.
B
Product analysis—Individual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individual
element in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.
C
Typical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.
D
For bar sizes over 31⁄2 in. [90 mm], inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted, provided
that the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.
E
Total of soluble and insoluble.

4
 A 193/A 193M – 04c
F
Classes 1 and 1D are solution treated. Classes 1, 1B, and some 1C (B8R and B8S) products are made from solution treated material. Class 1A (B8A, B8CA, B8MA,
B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, and B8MNA) and some Class 1C (B9RA and B8SA) products are solution treated in the finished condition. Class 2 products are
solution treated and strain hardened.

TABLE 2 Mechanical Requirements — Inch Products

Minimum Tensile Yield Strength, Elongation Reduction Hardness,

Tempering Strength, min, 0.2 % in 4D, of Area, max
Grade Diameter, in.
Temperature, min, ksi offset, min, % min, %
°F ksi
Ferritic Steels
B5
4 to 6 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 100 80 16 50 ...
B6
13 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 110 85 15 50 ...
B6X
13 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 90 70 16 50 26 HRC
B7
Chromium-molybdenum 2 ⁄ and under
12 1100 125 105 16 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over 21⁄2 to 4 1100 115 95 16 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over 4 to 7 1100 100 75 18 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
B7MAChromium-molybdenum 4 and under 1150 100 80 18 50 235 HB or
99 HRB
over 4 to 7 1150 100 75 18 50 235 BHN or
99 HRB
B16
Chromium-molybdenum-vanadium 21⁄2 and under 1200 125 105 18 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over 21⁄2 to 4 1200 110 95 17 45 321 HB or
35 HRC
over 4 to 8 1200 100 85 16 45 321 HB or
35 HRC

Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
B Hardness,
Grade, Diameter, in. Heat Treatment min, ksi min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
% offset, min % min %
ksi
Austenitic Steels
Classes 1 and 1D; B8, B8M, B8P, carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HBC or 96 HRB
B8LN,
B8MLN, all diameters
Class 1: B8C, B8T, all carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HBC or 96HRB
diameters
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8MA, carbide solution treated in the finished 75 30 30 50 192 HB or 90 HRB
B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, condition
B8NA, B8MNA
B8MLCuNA, all diameters

Classes 1B and 1D: B8N, B8MN, carbide solution treated 80 35 30 40 223 HBC or 96 HRB
and
B8MLCuN, all diameters
Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all carbide solution treated 100 55 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
diameters
Class 1C: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 100 55 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
condition

Classes 1C and 1D: B8S, all carbide solution treated 95 50 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
diameters
Classes 1C: B8SA, carbide solution treated in the finished 95 50 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
all diameters condition
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8T, and carbide solution treated and strain 125 100 12 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
D
B8N, hardened
3⁄4 and under

over 3⁄4 to 1, incl 115 80 15 35 321 HB or 35 HRC

over 1 to 11⁄4 , incl 105 65 20 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 , incl 100 50 28 45 321 HB or 35 HRC

Class 2: B8M, B8MN, B8MLCuND carbide solution treated and strain 110 95 15 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
3⁄4 and under hardened
over 3⁄4 to 1 incl 100 80 20 45 321 HB or 35 HRC

5
 A 193/A 193M – 04c

TABLE 2 Continued
Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Grade, Diameter, in. Heat TreatmentB min, ksi min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
% offset, min % min %
ksi
Austenitic Steels
Over 1 to 11⁄4 , incl 95 65 25 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 , incl 90 50 30 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2B: B8, B8M2D carbide solution treated and strain 95 75 25 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
2 and under hardened
over 2 to 21⁄2 incl 90 65 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 21⁄2 to 3 incl 80 55 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2C: B8M3D carbide solution treated and strain 85 65 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
2 and under hardened
over 2 85 60 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
A
To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall be over 200 HB (93 HRB).
B
Class 1 is solution treated. Class 1A is solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is critical due to physical property requirement.
Class 2 is solution treated and strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties throughout the section particularly in
sizes over 3⁄4 in. in diameter.
C
For sizes 3⁄4 in. in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HB (100 HRB) is permitted.
D
For diameters 11⁄2 and over, center (core) properties may be lower than indicated by test reports which are based on values determined at 1⁄2 radius.

TABLE 3 Mechanical Requirements —Metric Products

Minimum Tensile Yield Strength, Elongation Reduction Hardness,

Tempering Strength, min, 0.2 % in 4D, of Area, max
Class Diameter, [mm]
Temperature, min, offset, min, % min, %
°C MPa MPa
Ferritic Steels
B5
4 to 6 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 690 550 16 50 ...
B6
13 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 760 585 15 50 ...
B6X
13 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 620 485 16 50 26 HRC
B7
Chromium-molybdenum M64 and under 593 860 720 16 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over M64 to M100 593 795 655 16 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over M100 to M180 593 690 515 18 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
A
B7M Chromium-molybdenum M100 and under 620 690 550 18 50 235 HB or
99 HRB
over M100 to M180 620 690 515 18 50 235 BHN or
99 HRB
B16
Chromium-molybdenum-vanadium M64 and under 650 860 725 18 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over M64 to M100 650 760 655 17 45 321 HB or
35 HRC
over M100 to M180 650 690 586 16 45 321 HB or
35 HRC

Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Class Diameter, mm Heat TreatmentB min, min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
MPa % offset, min % min %
MPa
Austenitic Steels
Classes 1 and 1D; B8, B8M, B8P, B8LN, carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 HBC or 96 HRB
B8MLN, all diameters
Class 1: B8C, B8T, all carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 HBC or 96HRB
diameters
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, carbide solution treated in the finished 515 205 30 50 192 HB or 90 HRB
B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, B8MNA condition
B8MLCuNA, all diameters

Classes 1B and 1D: B8N, B8MN, and carbide solution treated 550 240 30 40 223 HBC or 96 HRB
B8MLCuN, all diameters
Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all diameters carbide solution treated 690 380 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC

6
 A 193/A 193M – 04c

TABLE 3 Continued
Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Class Diameter, mm Heat TreatmentB min, min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
MPa % offset, min % min %
MPa
Austenitic Steels
Class 1C: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 690 380 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
condition

Classes 1C and 1D: B8S, all diameters carbide solution treated 655 345 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
Classes 1C: B8SA, carbide solution treated in the finished 655 345 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
all diameters condition
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8T, and B8N,D carbide solution treated and strain 860 690 12 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
M20 and under hardened
over M20 to M24, incl 795 550 15 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M24 to M30, incl 725 450 20 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M30 to M36, incl 690 345 28 45 321 HB or 35 HRC

Class 2: B8M, B8MN, B8MLCuN,D carbide solution treated and strain 760 655 15 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
M20 and under hardened
over M20 to M24, incl 690 550 20 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M24 to M30, incl 655 450 25 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M30 to M36, incl 620 345 30 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2B: B8, B8M2,D carbide solution treated and strain 655 515 25 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
M48 and under hardened
over M48 to M64, incl 620 450 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M64 to M72, incl 550 380 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2C: B8M3,D carbide solution treated and strain 585 450 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
M48 and under hardened
over M48 585 415 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
A
To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall be over 200 HB (93 HRB).
B
Class 1 is solution treated. Class 1A is solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is critical due to physical property requirement.
Class 2 is solution treated and strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties throughout the section particularly in
sizes over M20 mm in diameter
C
For sizes M20 mm in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HB (100 HRB) is permitted.
D
For diameters M38 and over, center (core) properties may be lower than indicated by test reports which are based on values determined at 1⁄2 radius.

6.1.1 Quenched and tempered or normalized and tempered 6.3.2 Class 1D—Rolled or forged Grades B8, B8M, B8P,
ferritic material that is subsequently cold drawn for dimen- B8LN, B8MLN, B8N, B8MN, B8R, and B8S bar shall be
sional control shall be stress-relieved after cold drawing. The cooled rapidly immediately following hot working while the
minimum stress-relief temperature shall be 100 °F [55 °C] temperature is above 1750 °F [955 °C] so that grain boundary
below the tempering temperature. Tests for mechanical prop- carbides are in solution. Class 1D shall be restricted to
erties shall be performed after stress relieving. applications at temperatures less than 850 °F [455 °C].
6.2 Both B6 and B6X materials shall be held, at the 6.3.3 Class 1A and Class 1C Grades B8RA and B8SA—
tempering temperature for a minimum time of 1 h. Identifica- Finished fasteners shall be carbide solution treated after all
tion Symbol B 6X material may be furnished in the as-rolled- rolling, forging, heading, and threading operations are com-
and-tempered condition. Cold working is permitted with the plete. This designation does not apply to starting material such
hardness limitation (26 HRC maximum) of Table 2 for the as bar. Fasteners shall be heated from ambient temperature and
B 6X grade. held a sufficient time at a temperature at which the chromium
6.3 All austenitic stainless steels shall receive a carbide carbide will go into solution and then shall be cooled at a rate
solution treatment (see 6.3.1-6.3.4 for specific requirements for sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the carbide.
each class). Classes 1, 1B, 1C (Grades B8R and B8S only), 2, 6.3.4 Classes 2, 2B, and 2C—Material shall be carbide
2B, and 2C can apply to bar, wire, and finished fasteners. Class solution treated by heating from ambient temperature and
1A (all grades) and Class 1C (grades B8RA and B8SA only) holding a sufficient time at a temperature at which the
can apply to finished fasteners. Class 1D applies only to bar chromium carbide will go into solution and then cooling at a
and wire and finished fasteners that are machined directly from rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the carbide.
Class 1D bar or wire without any subsequent hot or cold Following this treatment the material shall then be strain
working. hardened to achieve the required properties.
6.3.1 Classes 1 and 1B, and Class 1C Grades B8R and NOTE 4—Heat treatment following operations performed on a limited
B8S—After rolling of the bar, forging, or heading, whether portion of the product, such as heading, may result in non-uniform grain
done hot or cold, the material shall be heated from ambient size and mechanical properties through the section affected.
temperature and held a sufficient time at a temperature at which 6.4 If scale-free bright finish is required, this shall be
the chromium carbide will go into solution and then shall be specified in the purchase order.
cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the 6.5 B7 and B7M bolting material shall be heat treated by
carbide. quenching in a liquid medium and tempering. For B7M

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 A 193/A 193M – 04c
bolting, the final heat treatment, which may be the tempering UTS = tensile strength specified in Table 2, and
operation if conducted at 1150 °F [620 °C] minimum, shall be As = stress area, square inches, as shown in ANSI B1.1 or
done after all machining and forming operations, including calculated as follows:
thread rolling and any type of cutting. Surface preparation for
hardness testing, nondestructive evaluation, or ultrasonic bolt
As 5 0.785 ~D – ~0.974/n!! 2 (2)
tensioning is permitted.
6.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, material for Grade B7 may where:
be heat treated by the Furnace, the Induction or the Electrical D = nominal thread size, and
Resistance method. n = the number of threads per inch.
NOTE 5—It should be taken into consideration that stress-relaxation 9.2 Hardness Requirements:
properties may vary from heat lot to heat lot or these properties may vary 9.2.1 The hardness shall conform to the requirements pre-
from one heat treating method to another. The purchaser may specify scribed in Table 2. Hardness testing shall be performed in
Supplementary Requirement S8, if stress-relaxation testing is desired.
accordance with either Specification A 962/A 962M or with
6.6 Material Grade B16 shall be heated to a temperature Test Methods F 606.
range from 1700 to 1750 °F [925 to 955 °C] and oil quenched. 9.2.2 Grade B7M—The maximum hardness of the grade
The minimum tempering temperature shall be as specified in shall be 235 HB or 99 HRB. The minimum hardness shall not
Table 2. be less than 200 HB or 93 HRB. Conformance to this hardness
shall be ensured by testing the hardness of each stud or bolt by
7. Chemical Composition
Brinell or Rockwell B methods in accordance with 9.2.1. The
7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition use of 100 % electromagnetic testing for hardness as an
requirements prescribed in Table 1. alternative to 100 % indentation hardness testing is permissible
7.2 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for when qualified by sampling using indentation hardness testing.
the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the Each lot tested for hardness electromagnetically shall be 100 %
requirements of another grade for which that element is a examined in accordance with Practice E 566. Following elec-
specified element. Furthermore, elements present in concentra- tromagnetic testing for hardness a random sample of a mini-
tions greater than 0.75 weight/% shall be reported. mum of 100 pieces of each heat of steel in each lot (as defined
in 12.1.1) shall be tested by indentation hardness methods. All
8. Heat Analysis
samples must meet hardness requirements to permit acceptance
8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the of the lot. If any one sample is outside of the specified
manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements maximum or minimum hardness, the lot shall be rejected and
specified in Section 7. The chemical composition thus deter- either reprocessed and resampled or tested 100 % by indenta-
mined shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s tion hardness methods. Product that has been 100 % tested and
representative, and shall conform to the requirements specified found acceptable shall have a line under the grade symbol.
in Section 7. Should the purchaser deem it necessary to have
9.2.2.1 Surface preparation for indentation hardness testing
the transition zone of two heats sequentially cast discarded, the
shall be in accordance with Test Methods E 18. Hardness tests
purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S3 of
shall be performed on the end of the bolt or stud. When this is
Specification A 788.
impractical, the hardness test shall be performed elsewhere.
9. Mechanical Properties
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9.1 Tensile Properties:
9.1.1 Requirements—The material as represented by the 10.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be pointed and
tension specimens shall conform to the requirements pre- shall have a workmanlike finish. Points shall be flat and
scribed in Table 2 at room temperature after heat treatment. chamfered or rounded at option of the manufacturer. Length of
Alternatively, stainless strain hardened headed fasteners (Class point on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor more
2, 2B, and 2C) shall be tested full size after strain hardening to than two complete threads as measured from the extreme end
determine tensile strength and yield strength and shall conform parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud bolts shall be
to the requirements prescribed in Table 2. Should the results of measured from first thread to first thread.
full size tests conflict with results of tension specimen tests, 10.2 Bolt heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions
full size test results shall prevail. of ANSI B18.2.1 or ANSI B18.2.3.1M. Unless otherwise
9.1.2 Full Size Fasteners, Wedge Tensile Testing—When specified in the purchase order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series
applicable, see 12.1.3, headed fasteners shall be wedge tested should be used, except the maximum body diameter and radius
full size and shall conform to the tensile strength shown in of fillet may be the same as for the Heavy Hex Bolt Series. The
Table 2. The minimum full size breaking strength (lbf) for body diameter and head fillet radius for sizes of Heavy Hex
individual sizes shall be as follows: Cap Screws and Bolts that are not shown in their respective
Ts 5 UTS 3 As (1) tables in ANSI B18.2.1 or ANSI B18.2.3.1M may be that
shown in the corresponding Hex Cap Screw and Bolt Tables
where: respectively. Socket head fasteners shall be in accordance with
Ts = wedge tensile strength, ANSI B18.3 or ANSI B18.3.1M.

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 A 193/A 193M – 04c
11. Retests 15. Certification
11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test lot do 15.1 The producer of the raw material or finished fasteners
not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer shall furnish a certification to the purchaser or his representa-
may retreat such lot not more than twice, in which case two tive showing the results of the chemical analysis, macroetch
additional tension tests shall be made from such lot, all of examination (Carbon and Alloy Steels Only), and mechanical
which shall conform to the requirements specified. tests, and state the method of heat treatment employed.
15.2 Certification shall also include at least the following:
12. Test Specimens
15.2.1 A statement that the material or the fasteners, or both,
12.1 Number of Tests—For heat-treated bars, one tension were manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accor-
test shall be made for each diameter of each heat represented in dance with the specification and any supplementary require-
each tempering charge. When heat treated without interruption ments or other requirements designated in the purchase order
in continuous furnaces, the material in a lot shall be the same or contract and was found to meet those requirements.
heat, same prior condition, same size, and subjected to the 15.2.2 The specification number, year date, and identifica-
same heat treatment. Not fewer than two tension tests are tion symbol.
required for each lot containing 20 000 lb [9000 kg] or less.
Every additional 10 000 lb [4500 kg] or fraction thereof 16. Product Marking
requires one additional test.
12.1.1 For studs, bolts, screws, and so forth, one tension test 16.1 The marking symbol and manufacturer’s identification
shall be made for each diameter of each heat involved in the symbol shall be applied to one end of studs 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in
lot. Each lot shall consist of the following: diameter and larger and to the heads of bolts 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in
Diameter, in. [mm] Lot Size diameter and larger. (If the available area is inadequate, the
11⁄8 [30] and under 1500 lb [780 kg] or fraction thereof marking symbol may be placed on one end with the manufac-
Over 11⁄8 [30] to 13⁄4 [42], incl 4500 lb [2000 kg] or fraction thereof turer’s identification symbol placed on the other end.) The
Over 13⁄4 [42] to 21⁄2 [64], incl 6000 lb [2700 kg] or fraction thereof
Over 21⁄2 [64] 100 pieces or fraction thereof marking symbol shall be as shown in Table 4 and Table 5.
Grade B7M, which has been 100 % evaluated in conformance
12.1.2 Tension tests are not required to be made on bolts, with the specification, shall have a line under the marking
screws, studs, or stud bolts that are fabricated from heat-treated symbol to distinguish it from B7M produced to previous
bars furnished in accordance with the requirements of this specification revisions not requiring 100 % hardness testing.
specification and tested in accordance with 12.1, provided they
16.2 For bolting materials, including threaded bars, fur-
are not given a subsequent heat treatment.
nished bundled and tagged or boxed, the tags and boxes shall
12.1.3 Full Size Specimens, Headed Fasteners—Headed
carry the marking symbol for the material identification and the
fasteners 11⁄2 in. in body diameter and smaller, with body
manufacturer’s identification symbol or name.
length three times the diameter or longer, and that are produced
by upsetting or forging (hot or cold) shall be subjected to full 16.3 For purposes of product marking, the manufacturer is
size testing in accordance with 9.1.2. This testing shall be in considered the organization that certifies the fastener was
addition to tensile testing as specified in 9.1.1. The lot size shall manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance
be as shown in 12.1.1. Failure shall occur in the body or with the specification and the results have been determined to
threaded section with no failure, or indications of failure, such meet the requirements of this specification.
as cracks, at the junction of the head and shank. 16.4 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 16.1,
16.2, and 16.3, bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary
13. Nuts identification method. Bar coding should be consistent with
AIAG Standard B-5 02.00. If used on small items, the bar code
13.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts shall be furnished with
may be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.
nuts, when specified in the purchase order. Nuts shall conform
to Specification A 194/A 194M.
17. Keywords
14. Rejection and Rehearing 17.1 hardness; heat treatment
14.1 Unless otherwise specified in the basis of purchase, any
rejection based on product analysis shall be reported to the
manufacturer within 30 days from the receipt of samples by the TABLE 4 Marking of Ferritic Steels
purchaser. Grade Marking Symbol
14.2 Material that shows defects subsequent to its accep- B5 B5
tance at the place of manufacture shall be rejected, and the B6 B6
B6X B6X
manufacturer shall be notified. B7 B7
14.3 Product Analysis—Samples that represent rejected ma- B7MA B7M
B7M
terial shall be preserved for two weeks from the date of the test B16 B16
report. In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, B16 + B16R
the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within that Supplement S12
time. A
For explanations, see 9.2.2 and 16.1.

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 A 193/A 193M – 04c
TABLE 5 Marking of Austenitic Steels
Class Grade Marking Symbol
Class 1 B8 B8
B8C B8C
B8M B8M
B8P B8P
B8T B8T
B8LN B8F or B8LN
B8MLN B8G or B8MLN

Class 1A B8A B8A

B8CA B8B or B8CA
B8MA B8D or B8MA
B8PA B8H or B8PA
B8TA B8J or B8TA
B8LNA B8L or B8LNA
B8MLNA B8K or B8MLNA
B8NA B8V or B8MA
B8MNA B8W or B8MNA
B8MLCuNA B9K or B8MLCuNA

Class 1B B8N B8N

B8MN B8Y or B8MN
B8MLCuN B9J or B8MLCuN

Class 1C B8R B9A or B8R

B8RA B9B or B8RA
B8S B9D or B8S
B8SA B9F or B8SA

Class 1D B8 B94
B8M B95
B8P B96
B8LN B97
B8MLN B98
B8N B99
B8MN B100
B8R B101
B8S B102

Class 2 B8 B8SH
B8C B8CSH
B8P B8PSH
B8T B8TSH
B8N B8NSH
B8M B8MSH
B8MN B8YSH
B8MLCuN B0JSH

Class 2B B8M2 B9G or B8M2

B8 B9

Class 2C B8M3 B9H or B8M3

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not apply unless specified in the order and in the Ordering Information,
in which event the specified tests shall be made before shipment of the product.

S1. High-Temperature Tests as agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. When
S1.1 Tests to determine high temperature properties shall be testing temperatures are as low as those specified in Specifi-
made in accordance with Test Methods E 21, E 139, and E 292, cation A 320/A 320M, bolting should be ordered to that speci-
and Practices E 150 and E 151. fication in preference to this specification.

S2. Charpy Impact Tests

S2.1 Charpy impact tests based on the requirements of
Specification A 320/A 320M, Sections 6 and 7, shall be made

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 A 193/A 193M – 04c
S3. 100 % Hardness Testing of Grade B7M S8. Stress-Relaxation Testing
S3.1 Each Grade B7M bolt or stud shall be tested for S8.1 Stress-Relaxation Testing, when required, shall be
hardness by indentation method and shall meet the require- done in accordance with Test Methods E 328. The test shall be
ments specified in Table 2. performed at 850 °F [454 °C] for a period of 100 h. The initial
stress shall be 50 M psi [345 MPa]. The residual stress at 100
S4. Hardness Testing of Grade B16 h shall be 17 M psi [117 MPa] minimum.
S4.1 For bolts or studs 21⁄2 in. [65 mm] or smaller, the S9. Grain Size Requirements for Non H Grade
hardness for Grade B16 shall be measured on or near the end Austenitic Steels Used Above 1000 °F
of each bolt or stud using one of the methods prescribed in S9.1 For design metal temperatures above 1000 °F [540
9.2.1 for the Brinell or Rockwell C test. The hardness shall be °C], the material shall have a grain size of No. 7 or coarser as
in the range 253–319 HB or 25–34 HRC. determined in accordance with Test Methods E 112. The grain
size so determined shall be reported on the Certificate of Test.
S5. Product Marking
S10. Hardness Testing of Class 2 Bolting Materials for
S5.1 Marking and manufacturer’s identification symbols ASME Applications
shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of bolts of
S10.1 The maximum hardness shall be Rockwell C35 im-
all sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, the marking
mediately under the thread roots. The hardness shall be taken
symbol may be marked on one end and the manufacturer’s
on a flat area at least 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] across, prepared by
identification symbol marked on the other end.) For bolts
removing threads, and no more material than necessary shall be
smaller than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in diameter and studs smaller
removed to prepare the flat areas. Hardness determinations
than 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in diameter and for 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in
shall be made at the same frequency as tensile tests.
diameter studs requiring more than a total of three symbols, the
marking shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser S11. Thread Forming
and the manufacturer. S11.1 Threads shall be formed after heat treatment. Appli-
cation of this supplemental requirement to grade B7M or the
S6. Stress Relieving grades listed in 6.3.3 is prohibited.
S6.1 A stress-relieving operation shall follow straightening S12. Stress Rupture Testing of Grade B16
after heat treatment.
S12.1 One test shall be made for each heat treat lot. Testing
S6.2 The minimum stress-relieving temperature shall be shall be conducted using a combination test bar in accordance
100 °F [55 °C] below the tempering temperature. Tests for with Test Methods E 292. Rupture shall occur in the smooth
mechanical properties shall be performed after stress relieving. section of each test specimen. The test shall be conducted at
1100 °F [595 °C] and 20 ksi [140 MPa]. The test shall be
S7. Magnetic Particle Inspection continued until the sample ruptures. Rupture life shall be 25 h
S7.1 Bars shall be magnetic particle examined in accor- minimum. Testing is not required on material less than 1⁄2 in.
dance with Guide E 709. Bars with indications of cracks or [25 mm] thick.
seams are subject to rejection if the indications extend more S12.2 When a purchase order for fasteners invokes S12, the
than 3 % of the diameter into the bar. product marking supplied shall be “B16R.”

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC STEELS

X1.1 Strain hardening is the increase in strength and principally in the outer regions of the bar so that the increased
hardness that results from plastic deformation below the strength and hardness due to strain hardening is achieved
recrystallization temperature (cold work). This effect is pro- predominantly near the surface of the bar. That is, the smaller
duced in austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized bars the bar, the greater the penetration of strain hardening.
or wire to the desired final size by cold drawing or other
process. The degree of strain hardening achievable in any alloy X1.2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given strain
is limited by its strain hardening characteristics. In addition, the hardened fastener are dependent not just on the alloy, but also
amount of strain hardening that can be produced is further on the size of bar from which it is machined. The minimum bar
limited by the variables of the process, such as the total amount size that can be used, however, is established by the configu-
of cross-section reduction, die angle, and bar size. In large ration of the fastener so that the configuration can affect the
diameter bars, for example, plastic deformation will occur strength of the fastener.

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 A 193/A 193M – 04c
X1.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and size may
be machined from a smaller diameter bar than a bolt of the
same alloy and size because a larger diameter bar is required to
accommodate the head of the bolt. The stud, therefore, is likely
to be stronger than the same size bolt in a given alloy.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 04b, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved October 1, 2004).

(1) Added Supplementary Requirement S12 and added mark- (2) Revised Table 5 markings for Class 2.
ing to Table 4.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 04a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved July 1, 2004).

(1) Moved heat treatment of Grade B16 from 6.1 to new 6.6.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 04, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 11, 2004).

(1) Revised 9.1.1 to permit acceptance of strain hardened (3) Changed “Grade” to “Marking” in Section 17 and Supple-
fasteners base on full size testing. mentary Requirement S5.
(2) Revised B6 carbon content in Table 1. (4) Updated Table 5.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 03, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved January 1, 2004).

(1) Corrected Yield Strength for Class 2, B8M, B8MN, (2) Deleted Appendix X2.
B8MLCuN 3⁄4 (M20) and under in Tables 2 and 3.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 01b, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 10, 2003).

(1) Revised 4.2 to reference the general requirements specifi- (2) Revised 6.5 to permit surface conditioning prior to testing.
cation for macroetch requirements.

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