SPECIFICATION FOR ALLOY-STEEL AND STAINLESS

STEEL BOLTING MATERIALS FOR HIGH-

TEMPERATURE SERVICE

~ m®
SA-193/SA-193M

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 193/A I93M-98a except for differences in paras. 3.1.J and 19.4, Note 6 of Table I. and editorial
. differences in Table 2.)

1. Scope desired. These shall apply only when specified in the

1.1 This specification covers alloy and stainless steel purchase order.
bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges; and 1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound
fittings for high-temperature service. The term "bolting units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies
material" as used in this specification covers bars, bolts, the applicable "M" specification designation CSI units),
screws, studs, stud bolts and wire. Bars and wire shall the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
be hot-wrought. The material may be further processed
by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic
stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide 2. Referenced Documents
solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hard-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ened austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should take
A 29/A 29M Specification for General Requirements for
special care to ensure that Appendix X I is thoroughly
Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-
understood.
Finished
1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High- Tempera-
etc. Selection will depend upon design, service condi- ture Service
tions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature char- A 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy Steel Bolting
acteristics. Materials for Low-Temperature Service
A 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy
NOTE I - The committee formulating this specification has included
Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fas-
fifteen steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present
purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the teners
committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
NOTE 2 - For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use
ing of Steel Products
at lower range of high-temperature applications. reference should be A 479/ A 479M Specification for Stainless and Heat-
made to Specification A 354. Resisting Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other
NOTE 3 - For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use Pressure Vessels
in low-temperature applications. reference should be made to Specifica- A 484/484M Specification for General Requirements for
tion A 3201A 320M. Stainless and Heat-Resisting Bars, Billets, and
Forgings
1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
in Section 14.
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
1.4 Supplementary Requirements S I through S8 are A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
provided for use when additional tests or inspection are ments
'v
279
SA-193/SA-193M 2004 SECTION II

E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell stainless steels; Class ID applies to material carbide solu-
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials tion treated by cooling rapidly from the rolling temper-
E 21 Practice for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests ature),
of Metallic Materials 3.1.3 Quantity (that is, number of pieces or weight),
E 139 Practice for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials 3.1.4 Description of items required (that is, bars,
E ISO Practice for Conducting Creep and Creep-Rupture bolts, screws, or studs),
Tension Tests of Metallic Materials Under Conditions 3.1.5 Dimensions (that is, diameter, length of point,
of Rapid Heating aod Short Times overall length, finish, shape, and threads),
E 151 Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic Materials 3.1.6 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance
at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating and Con- with 14.1,
ventional or Rapid Strain Rates
3.1.7 Supplementary requirements, if any, and
E 292 Practice for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch
Tension Tests of Materials 3.1,8 Special requirements, in accordance with 6.3,
E 328 Methods for Stress-Relaxation Tests for Materials 6.6, 11.3, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1, and 18.1.
and Structures
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Products, Inspection,
and Rating Comprising Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms and 4. Mannfacture (Process)
Forgings 4,1 The steel shall be produced by any of thefollowing
E 566 Practiee for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sort- processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-furnace or (
ing of Ferrous Metals vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The primary melting
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination method may incorporate separate degassing or refining.
F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical The molten steel may be vacuum-treated priorto orduring
Properties of Exteroally and Internally Threaded Fas- pouring of the ingot or strand casting. The basic-oxygen
teners, Washers, and Rivets process shall be limited to steels containing not over 6%
chromium.
2.2 ANSI Standards:
B 1.1 Screw Threads 4.2 Quality - To ensure soundness, ferritic steel bars
B 1.13M Metric Screw Threads and wire shall be tested in accordance with Method E
BI8.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws 381, or other suitable method as agreed upon between
B 18.2.3.IM Metric Hex Cap Screws the purchaser and the producer. When bar or wire is
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws supplied, the bar or wire producer shall perform the test.
BI8.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws. When fasteners are supplied, either the bar or wire pro-
ducer or the fastener producer, as agreed upon between
2.3 AlAG Standard: them, shall perform the test. Quality control procedures
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag shall be sufficient to demonstrate that the testing was
Application Standard performed and that the results were acceptable. A bar lot
consisting of one heat or 10000 Ibs whichever is smaller,
shall be represented by a minimum of one macroetch.
3. Ordering Information Visual examination of transverse sections shall show no
imperfections worse than the macrographs of Method E
3.1 The inquiry and order for material under this
specification shall include the following as required to 381 S4-R4-C4 or equivalent as agreed upon. Distinct
zones of solidification shall not be present.
describe the material adequately:
3.1.1 Specification, designation, year date, and
grade. 5. Discard
3.1.2 Heat-treated condition (that is, normalized 5.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure free-
and tempered, or quenched and tempered, for the ferritic dom from injurious piping and undue segregation.
materials, and carbide solution treated (Class I), carbide
solution treated after finishing (Class IA), and carbide
solution treated and strain hardened (Classes 2, 2B, and 6. Heat Treatment
2e), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes IB and IC 6.1 Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as
apply to the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing best suits the high-temperature characteristics of each

280
 PART A - FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-193/SA-193M

grade. Immediately after rolling or forging, the bolting 6.3.2 Class 1D - Rolled or forged Grades B8,
material shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below B8M, B8P, B8LN, B8MLN, B8N, B8MN, B8R, and B8S
the cooling transformation range. The materials which bar shall be cooled rapidly immediately following hot
are to be furnished in the liquid-quenched condition shall working while the temperature is above 1750"F [955"C),
then be uniformly reheated to the proper temperature to so that grain boundary carbides are in solution (see A
refine the grain (a group thus reheated being known as 479-88b and subsequent revisions). Class l D shall be
a "quenching charge") and quenched in a liquid medium restricted to applications at temperatures less than 850"F
under substantially uniform conditions for each quench- [455"C].
ing charge. Use of water quenching is prohibited for any 6.3.3 Class 1A and Class 1C Grades B8RA and
ferritic grade when heat treatment is part of the fastener B8SA - Finished fasteners shall be carbide solution
manufacturing process. This prohibition does not apply treated after all rolling, forging, heading, and threading
to heat treated bar or to fasteners machined therefrom. operations are complete. This designation does not apply
Material Grade B 16 shall be heated to a temperature to starting material such as bar. Fasteners shall be heated
range of 1700"F to 1750"F [925"C to 954"C] and oil from ambient temperature and held a sufficient time at a
quenched. The materials that are to be furnished in the temperature at which the chromium carbide will go into
normalized or air-quenched condition shall be reheated solution and then shall be cooled at a rate sufficient to
to the proper temperature to refine the grain and cooled prevent the precipitation of the carbide.
uniformly in airto a temperature below thetransformation
temperature range. The material, whether Iiquid- 6.3.4 Classes 2, 2B, and 2C - Material shall be
quenched or normalized, shall then be uniformly reheated carbide solution treated by heating from ambient tempera-
for-tempering. The minimumtempering temperature shall ture and holding a sufficient time at a temperature at
be as specified in Table 2 and Table 3. which the chromium carbide will go into solution and
thencooling at a ratesufficient to preventtheprecipitation
6.1.1 Quenched and tempered or normalized and
of the carbide. Following this treatment the material shall
tempered ferritic material that is subsequently cold drawn
then be strain hardened to achieve the required properties.
for dimensional control shall be stress-relieved after cold
drawing. The minimum stress-relieftemperature shall be NOTE4 - Heattreatment following operations performed on a limited
WO°F [55"C) below the tempering temperature. Tests portion of the product, such as heading, may result in non-uniform
for mechanical properties shall be performed after stress grain size and mechanical properties through the section affected.
relieving. 6.4 If scale-free bright finish is required, this shall be
6.2 Both B6 and B6X materials shall be held, at specified in the purchase order.
the tempering temperature for a minimum time of 1 h.
6.5 B7 and B7M bolting shall be heat treated by
Identification Symbol B6X material may be furnished in
quenching in a liquid medium and tempering. For B7M
the as-rolled-and-tempered condition. Cold working is
bolting, the final heat treatment, which may be the temper-
permitted with the hardness limitation (26 HRC maxi-
ing operation if conducted at 1150"F [620"C] minimum,
mum) of Table 2 for the B6X grade.
shall be done after all machining and forming operations,
6.3 All austenitic stainless steels shall receive a car- including thread rolling, are complete.
bide solution treatment (see 6.3.1, 6.3.4 for specific
6.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, material for
requirements for each class). Classes 1, IB, IC (Grades
Grade B7 may be heat treated by the Furnace, the Induc-
B8R and B8S only), 2, 2B, and 2C can apply to bar,
tion or the Electrical Resistance method.
wire, and finished fasteners. Class IA (all grades) and
Class 1C (Grades B8RA and B8SA only) can apply to NOTE 5 - It should be taken into consideration that stress-relaxation
finished fasteners. Class ID applies only to bar and wire properties may vary from heat lot to heat lot or these properties may
vary from one heal treating method to another. The purchaser may
and finished fasteners that are machined directly from
specify Requirement S8. if stress-relaxation testing is desired.
Class 1D bar or wire without any subsequent hot or cold
working.
6.3.1 Classes 1 and 1B, and Class I C Grades B8R 7. Chemical Composition
and B8S - After rolling of the bar, forging, or heading,
7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composi-
whether done hot or cold, the material shall be heated
tion requirements prescribed in Table I. Steels with added
from ambient temperature and held a sufficient time at a
lead shall not be used.
temperature at which the chromium carbide will go into
solution and then shall be cooled at a rate sufficient to 7.2 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element
prevent the precipitation of the carbide. for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms

281
SA·193/SA-193M 2004 SECTION II

to the requirements of another grade for which that ele- where:

ment is a specified element. Furthermore, elements pres-
Ts = wedge tensile strength
ent in concentrations greater than 0.75 weight/% shall
UTS = tensile strength specified in Table 2, and
be reported. Chemical analysis shall be performed in
As = stress area, square inches, as shown in ANSI
accordance with Test Methods A 751.
B 1.1 or calculated as follows:
As = 0.785 (D - (0.974/n))' (2)
8. Heat Analysis
where:
8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made
by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the D = nominal thread size, and
elements specified in Section 7. This analysis shall be n = the number of threads per inch
made from a test specimen taken during the pouring of 10.2 Hardness Requirements:
the heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall
be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser's representa- 10.2.1 The hardness shall conform to the require-
tive, and shall conform to the requirements specified in ments prescribed in Table 2. Hardness testing shall be
Section 7. For strand cast materials, the requirements of performed in accordance with either Test Methods and
8.2 and 8.3 of Specification A 788 shall be met. Should Definitions A 370 or with Test Methods F 606. In the
the purchaser deem it necessary to have the transition event a controversy exists relative to minimum strength,
zone of two heats sequentially cast discarded, the pur- . tension tests shall prevail over hardness readings.
chaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S3 of 10.2.2 Grade B7M - The maximum hardness of
Specification A 788. the grade shall be 235 HB or 99 HRB (conversion in
accordance with Table 2B of Test Methods and Defini-
tions A 370). The minimum hardness shall not be less
9. Product Analysis than 200 HB or 93 HRB. Conformance to this hardness
9.1 An analysis may be made by the purchaser from shall be insured by testing the hardness of each stud or
samples represeuting the bolting material. The chemical bolt by Brinell or Rockwell B methods in accordance
composition thusdeterminedshall conform to the require- with 10.2.1. The use of 100% electromagnetic testing for
ments of Section 7. hardness as an alternative to 100% indentation hardness
testing is permissible when qualified by sampling using
indentation hardness testing. Each lot tested for hardness
10. Mechanical Properties electromagnetically shall be 100% examined in accor-
10.1 Tensile Properties: dance with Practice E 566. Following electromagnetic
testing for hardness a random sample of a minimum of
10.1.1 Requirements - The material as represented
100 pieces of each heat of steel in each lot (as defined
by the tension specimens shall conform to the require-
in 13.1.2) shall be tested by indentation hardness methods.
ments prescribed in Table 2 at room temperature after
All samples must meet hardness requirements to permit
heat treatment. /
acceptance of the lot. If anyone sample is outside of the
10.1.2 Method of Test- Tension test shall be made specified maximum or minimum hardness, the lot shall
in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370, be rejected and either reprocessed and resampled or tested
including the parts of Annex A3 "Steel Fasteners" appli- 100% by indentation hardness methods. Product which
cable to machined test specimens. The speed of testing has been 100% tested and found acceptable shall have a
shall not exceed the limits specified in 7.4.1 of Test line under the grade symbol.
Methods and Definitions A 370. The yield strength corres-
10.2.2.1 Surface preparation for indentation
ponding to a limiting permanent offset of 0.2% of the
hardness testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods
gage length of the specimen shall be determined.
E 18. Hardness tests shall be performed on the end of
10.1.3 Full Size Fasteners, Wedge Tensile Test- the bolt or stud. When this is impractical, the hardness
ing - When applicable, see 13.1.4. headed fasteners shall test shall be performed elsewhere.
be wedge tested full size in accordance with Annex A3
of A 370 and shall conform to the tensile strength shown
in Table 2. The minimum full size breaking strength (Ibf) 11. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
for individual sizes shall be as follows:
11.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be
Ts=UTSXAs (I) pointed and shall have a workmanlike finish. Points shall

282
 PART A - FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-193/SA-193M

be flat and chamfered or rounded at option of the manufac- Diameter, in. [mm] Lot Size
turer. Length of points on studs and stud bolts shall be 11/8 [30] and under 1500 Ib [780 kg) or fraction thereof
not less than one nor more than two complete threads as Over Ills [3D] to 1)'4 4500 Ib [2000 kg] or fraction thereof
measured from the extreme end parallel to the axis. [42], inel
Over I~ [42] to 21;2 6000 lb [2700 kg] or fraction thereof
Length of studs and stud bolts shall be measured from
[64J. incl
first thread to first thread. Over 21;1 [64] 100 pieces or fraction thereof

11.2 Standard permissible variations for dimensions

13.1.3 Tension tests are not required to be made
of bars shall be as prescribed in Specification A 29/A
on bolts, screws, studs, or stud bolts that are fabricated
29M and Specification A 484/A 484M, latest revisions.
from heat-treated bars furnished in accordance with the
11.3 Bolr heads shall be in accordance with the dimen- requirements of this specification andtestedin accordance
sions of ANSI B18.2.1 or ANSI B 18.2.3.1M. Unless with 13.1.1, provided they are not given a subsequent
otherwise specified in the purchase order, the Heavy Hex heat treatment.
Screws Series should be used, except the maximum body 13.1.4 Full Size Specimens, Headed Fasteners -
diameter and radius of fillet may be the same as for the . Headed fasteners 1'I, in. in body diameter and smaller,
Heavy Hex Bolt Series. The body diameter and head fillet with body length three times the diameter or longer, and
radius for sizes of Heavy Hex Cap Screws and Bolts that which are produced by upsetting or forging (hot or cold)
are not shown in their respective tables in ANSI B18.2.1 shall be subjected to full size testing in accordance with
or ANSI B 18.2.3.IM may be that shown in the corres- 10.1.3. This testing shall be in addition to tensile testing
ponding Hex Cap Screw and Bolt Tables respectively. as specified in 10.1.1 and 10.1.2. The lot size shall be as
Socket head fasteners shall be in accordance with ANSI shown in 13.1.2. Failure shall occur in the body or
B18.3 or ANSI BI8.3.IM. threaded section with no failure, or indicationsof failure,
such as cracks, at the junction of the head and shank.

12. Retests
12.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test 14. Nuts
lot do not conform to the requirements specified, the 14.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts shall be furnished
manufacturer may retreat such lot not more than twice, with nuts, when specified in the purchase order. Nuts
in which case two additional tension tests shall be made shall conform to Specification A 194/A 194M.
from such lot, all of which shall conform to the require-
ments specified.
15. Threads
15.1 When inch series product is ordered, all bolts,
13. Test Specimens studs, stud bolts, and accompanying nuts, unless other-
13.1 Tension test specimens taken from finished bolts, wise specified in the purchase order shall be threaded in
screws, studs, or stud bolts shall be machined to the form accordance with ANSI B 1.1 Class 2A fit, sizes I in. and
and dimensions and shall be taken from positions shown smaller in diameterwith the coarse-thread series, and 11/ 8
in A3.2.1.7 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. Ten- in. and larger in diameter with the 8-pitch-thread series.
sion test specimens from barstock are covered by Annex When metric product is ordered, threads shall be metric
A1.3 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370, Annex A I. coarse thread series as specified in ANSI B 1.13M, and
13,1.1 Number ofTests - For heat-treated bars, one shall have Grade 6G tolerances.
tension test shall be made for each diameter of each heat 15,2 Where practical, all threads shall be formed after
represented in each tempering charge. When heat treated heat treatment. Class IA, Grades B8A, B8CA, B8MA,
without interruption in continuous furnaces, the material B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA. B8MNA, and
in a lot shall be thesame heat, same priorcondition, same B8MLCuNA, and Class IC Grades B8RA and B8SA are
size and subjected to the same heat treatment. Not fewer to be solution treated in the finished condition.
than two tension tests are required for each lot containing
20 000 lb [9000 kg] or less. Every additional 10 000 lb
[4500 kg] or fraction thereof requires one additional test. 16. Inspection
13.1.2 For studs, bolts, screws, etc., one tension 16.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall
test shall be made for each diameter of each heat involved have entry, at all time while work on the contract of the
in the lot. Each lot shall consist of the following: purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the place of

283
SA-193/SA-193M 2004 SECTION II

manufacture thatconcern the manufacture of the material supplementary requirements or other requirements desig-
ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all nated in the purchase order or contract and was found to
reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is meet those requirements.
being furnished in accordance with this specification. All 18.2.2 The specification number, year date, and
tests (except product analysis) and inspection shall be identification symbol.
made at theplace of manufacture prior to shipment,unless
otherwise specified in the purchase order and shall be
so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the 19. Product Marking
operatiou of the works. 19.1 Grade/class and manufacturer's identification
symbols shall be applied to one end of studs 'I, in. [10
mrn] in diameter and larger and to the heads of bolts \14
17. Rejection and Rehearing in. [6 mm] in diameter and larger. (If the available area
17.1 Unless otherwise specified in the basis of pur- is inadequate, the grade symbol may be marked on one
chase, any rejection based on tests made in accordance end and the manufacturer's identification symbol marked
with Section 9 shall be reported to the manufacturer on the other end.) The identification symbol shall be as
within 30 days from the receipt of samples by the pur- shown in Table 4 and 5. Grade B7M which has been
chaser. 100% evaluated in conformance with the specification,
shall have a line under the grade symbol to distinguish
17.2 Material that shows defects subsequent to its it from B7M produced to previous specification revisions
acceptance at the place of manufacture shall be rejected. not requiring 100% hardness testing.
and the manufacturer shall be notified.
19.2 For bolting materials, including threaded bars,
17.3 Samples tested in accordance with Section 9 that that are furnished bundled and tagged or boxed, the tags
represent rejectedmaterial shall be preserved for 2 weeks and boxes shall carry the grade symbol for the material
from the date of the test report. In the case of dissatisfac- identification and the manufacturer's identification mark
tion with the results of the test, the manufacturer may or name.
make claim for a rehearing within that time. 19.3 For purposes of identification marking, the man-
ufacturer is considered the organization that certifies the
fastener was manufactured, sampled, tested, and
18. Certification inspected in accordance with the specification and the
18.1 The producer of the raw material or finished results have been determined to meet the requirements
fasteners shall furnish a certification to the purchaser or of this specification.
his representative showing the results of the chemical 19.4 Bar Coding - In addition to the requirements
analysis, macroetch examination (Carbon and Alloy in 19.1, 19.2, and 19.3, bar coding is acceptable as a
Steels Only), and mechanical tests, and state the method supplementary identification method. Bar coding should
of heat treatment employed. be consistent with AIAG Standard B-5 02.00. If used on
18.2 Certification shall also include at least the fol- small items, the bar code may be applied to the box or
lowing: a substantially applied tag.

18.2.1 A statement that the material or the fasteners,

or both, were manufactured, sampled, tested and 20. Keywords
inspected in accordance with the specification and any 20.1 hardness; heat treatment

284
 PART A-FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-193/SA-193M

TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS (COMPOSITION, PERCENT) [NOTE nn

Type Ferrltlc Steels

Grade B5 B6 and B6X

Description 5% Chromium 12% Chromium

AISI Type 410

Product Variation, Product Variation,
Over or Under Over or Under
Range [Note (2)] Range [Note (2)]

Carbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.15 max 0.01 over

Manganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 over
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.03 0.a05 over
Silicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 over
Chromium 4.0-6.0 0.10 11.5-,--13.5 0.15
Molybdenum 0.40-0.65 0.05

Type Ferritic Steels

Grade B7, B7M B16

Description Chromium-Molybdenum [Note (3)] Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium

Product Variation, Product Variation,

Over or Under Over or Under
Range [Note (2)] Range [Note (2)]

Carbon 0.37-0.49 [Note (4)J 0.02 0.36-0.47 0.02

Manganese 0.65-1.10 0.04 0.45~0.70 0.03
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over
Silicon 0.15-0.35 0.02 0.15-0.35 0.02
Chromium 0.75-1.20 0.05 0.80-1.15 0.05
Molybdenum 0.15-0.25 0.02 0.50-0.65 0.03
Vanadium 0.25~0.35 0.03
Aluminum, max % [Note (5)J 0.015

Type Austenitic Steels, [Note (6)J Classes 1, lA, 10, and 2

Grade B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 _ _----='-'-'-'-.::.-----="---_
B8P, B8PA _
AISI Type 305 with
Description AISI Type 304 AISI Type 347 AISI Type 316 restricted carbon

Product Variation, Product Variation, Product Variation, Product Variation,

Over or Under Over or Under Over or Under Over or Under
Range [Note (2)] Range [Note (2)] Range [Note (2)] Range [Nole (2)]

Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max l.00 o.os over 1.00 0.05 over l.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Chromium 18.0-20.0 0.20 17.0-19.0 0.20 16.0-18.0 0.20 17.0-19.0 0.20
Nickel 8.0-11.0 0.15 9.0-12.0 0.15 10.0-14.0 0.15 11.0-13.0 0.15
Molybdenum 2.00-3.00 0.10
Columbium + 10 x carbon 0.05 under
tantalum content, min;
1.10 max

285
SA-193/SA-193M 2004 SECTION II

TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS (COMPOSITION, PERCENT> [NOTE U)J (CONT'D)

Type Austenitic Steels, [Note (6)] Classes lA t IB, 1D, and 2

Grade BBN, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNA

Unstabilized, 20 Chromium, 18 Nickel,

Description AISI Type 304N AISI Type 31bN 6 Molybdenum with restricted carbon

Product Variation, Product Variation,

Over or Under Over or Under
Range [Note (2)] Range [Note (2)] Range

Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020

Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030
Sulfur, max 0.030 0,005 over 0.030 0,005 over 0.010
Slllcon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80
Chromium 18.0-20.0 0.20 16.0-18.0 0.20 19.5-20.5
Nickel 8.0-11.0 0.15 10.0-13.0 0.15 17.5-18.5
Molybdenum 2.00-3.00 0.10 6.0-6.5
Nitrogen 0.10-0.16 0.01 0.10-0.16 0.01 0.18-0.22
Copper 0.s0~1.00

Type Austenitic Steels [Note (6)], Classes I, lA, and 2

Grade B8T, B8TA
Description AISI Type 321
Product Variation,
Over or Under
Range [Note (2)J.

Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over

Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00' 0.05 over
Nickel 9.0-12.0 0.15
Chromium 17.0~19.0 0.20
Titanium 5 x (c +- N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 under

Type Austenitic Steels [Note (6)], Classes lC andIjj

Grade B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SA
Description 22 Chromlum-D Nickel-S Manganese 18 Chromium-8 Nickel-4 Silicon + Nitrogen
Product Variation, Product Variation,
Over or Under Over or Under
Range [Note (2)] Range [Note (2)]

Carbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 over

Manganese 4.0-6.0 0.05 7.0-9.0 0.06
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 3.5~4.5 0.15
Chromium 20.5-23.5 0.25 16.0-18.0 0.20
NickeJ 11.5-13.5 0.15 B.0-9.0 0.10
Molybdenum 1.50-3.00 0.10
Nitrogen 0.20-0.40 0.02 0.08-0.18 0.01
Columbium +
tantalum 0.10-0.30 0.05
Vanadium 0.10-0.30 0.02

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 PART A - FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-193/SA-193M

TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS (COMPOSITION, PERCENT> [NOTE (1)] (CONT'O)
Type Austenitic Steels [Note (6n Classes I, IA and ID
Grade BBLN, BBLNA BBMLN, B8MLNA
Description AISI Type 304N with restricted carbon AISI Type 3I6N with restricted carbon
Product Variation, Product Variation,
Over or Under Over or Under
Range [Note (2)] Range [Note (2)]
Carbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Manganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Stllcon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Chromium 18.0-20.0 0.20 16.0-18.0 0.20
Nickel 8.0.,-11.0 . 0.15 10.0-13.0 0.15
Molybdenum 2.00-3.00 0.10
Nitrogen . 0.10-0.16 0.01 0.10-0.16 0.01

NOTES:
(1) The intentional addition of Bl, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted. .
'(2) Product analysis - Individual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several
determinations of any individual element in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.
(3) Typical steel compcsltlons used for this grade include 4140, 4142,4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.
(4) For bar sizes over 3 1/ 2 in. [90 mmj, inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50%, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of
0.28% is permitted, provided that the required tensile properties are met in the section sues involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is
allowed.
(5) Total of soluble and insoluble.
(6) Classes 1 and ID are solution treated. Classes I, IB and some IC (BsR and B8S) products are made from solution treated material. Class
1A (B8A, BSCA, B8MA, S8PA, BSTA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, S8NA and B8MNA) and some Class lC (B8RA and B8SA) products are
solution treated in the finished condition. Class 2 products are solution treated and strain hardened.

287
 {
(

288
 PART A-FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-I93/SA-193M

TABLE 2
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS (CONI'D)

Yield
Strength,
Tensile mini 0.2 Elongation Reduction
Strength, % offset, in 4D, of Area, Hardness,
Grade, Diameter, in. Heat Treatment [Note (Z)] min, ksi .ksi min, % min % rna,
Austenitic Steels

Classes 1 and 1 D: 88, B8M, carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HB or 96 HRB

BSP, 8BLN, B8MLN, all [Note (3)]
diameters
Class 1: BBC, BST; all carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HB or 96 HRB
diameters [Note (3)]
Class l~: BBA, BBCA, BBMA, carbide solution treated in the 75 30 30 50 192 HB or 90 HRB
S8PA, BBTA, B8LNA, finished condition
8BMLNA, SBNA,
8BMNA1 B8MLCuNA, all
diameters
Classes 18 and ID: BaN, carbide solution treated 80 35 30 40 223 HB or 96 HRB
BBMN, and BBMLCuN, all [Note (3)J
diameters
Classes f C and 10: B8R, all carbide solution treated 100 55 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
diameters
Class IC: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the 100 55 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
finished condition
ctassesrc and rn: B8S, all carbide solution treated 95 50 35 55 271 HB or 2S HRC
diameters
ClassIC: B8SA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the 95 50 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
finished condition
Class 2: B8, BSC, BSP, BST, carbide solution treated and 125 100 12 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
and BSN [Note (4)] strain hardened
% and under
over 3/4 to 1, inc! 115 80 15 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 1 to 11;4 inc I 105 65 20 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
I\
over 1 1/ 4 to 1 1/ 2 Inc! 100 50 28 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2: 88M, B8MN, carbide solution treated and 110 95 15 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
BSMLCuN strain hardened
[Note (4)]
% and under
over 3/4 to 1 tncl 100 80 20 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 1 to 1 114 lncl 95 65 25 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 1 1/ 4 to 1% lncl 90 50 30 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2B: B8, 88M2 [Note carbide solution treated and 95 75 25 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
(4)] strain hardened
2 and under
over 2 to 21;2 inc! 90 65 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 21/ 2 to 3 incl 80 55 30 40 321 H8 or 35 HRC
Class 2C: 88M3 [Note (4)] carbide solution treated and 85 65 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
2 and under strain hardened
over 2 85 60 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC

NOTES:
(}) To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall be over 200 HB (93 HRBL
(2) Class 1 is solution treated. Class lA is solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance: heat treatment is critical due to
physical property requirement. Class 2 is solution treated and strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not
show uniform properties throughout the section particularly in sizes over 3/4 in. in diameter.
0) For sizes 3/4 in. in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HB (lOa HRB) is permitted.
(4) For diameters 1 1/ 2 and over, center (core) properties may be lower than indicated by test reports which are based on values determined at
1;2 radius.

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SA·193/SA·193M 2004 SECTION II

TABLE 3
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS - METRIC PRODUCTS

Minimum Tensile Yield Strength,

Tempering Strength, min, 0.2% Elongation Reduction
Temperature, min, offset, in 4D, of Area,
Class Diameter, mm °c MP. MP. min, % min, % Hardness, max
Ferritic Steels

B5
4 to 6% chromium up to MIOa, inc! 593 690 550 16 50
B6
13% chromium up to MIOD, lncl 593 760 585 15 50
B6X
13% chromium up to MIOD, lncl 593 620 485 16 50 26 HRC
B7
Chromlum-mclybdenum M64 and under 593 860 720 16 50 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M64 to MIOa 593 795 655 16 50 302 H B or 33 H RC
over MIOa to MI8D 593 690 515 18 50 277 HB or 29 HRC

87M A ie
Chromlum-molybdenum M 64 and under 620 690 550 18 50 235 HB or 99 HRB
M 100 and under 620 690 550 18 50 235 BHN or99 RIB
over MlOO to MIBD 620 690 515 18 50 235 BHN or 99 RIB

B16
Chromium-molybdenum-vanadium M64 and under 650 860 725 lB 50 321 HB or 35 H RC
over M64 to MIOa 650 760 655 17 45 302 HB or 33 HRC
over MIOD to MISO 650 690 586 16 45 277 HB or 29 HRC

Yield
Tensile Strength,
Strength! min, 0.2% Elongation Reduction
min! offset! in 40, of Area,
Class Diameter, mm Heat Treatment" MPa MPa min! % mini % Hardness, max

Austenitic Steels

Classes 1 and 10: B8, B8M, carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 HB cor96 HRB
B8P, B8LN, 88MLN, all
diameters
Class 1: B8C, B8T, all dlame- carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 -HBc or 96 HRB
ters
Class lA: B8A I 88CA, B8MA, carbide solution treated in the finished 515 205 30 50 192 HB or 90 HRB
B8PA, B8TA, 88LNA, condition
B8MLNA, BBNA I B8MNAI
BBMLCuNA, all diameters

Classes IB and ID: B8N, carbide solution treated 550 240 30 40 223 HB c or 96 HRB
B8MN, and B8MLCuN, all
diameters
C
Classes lC and ID: B8R, all carbide solution treated 690 380 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
diameters
Class IC: 88RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 690 380 35 55 271 H 8 or 28 HRC
condition
Classes icand ID: B8S, all carbide solution treated 655 345 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
diameters
Class lC: BBSA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 655 345 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
condition

290
 PART A - FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA·193/SA-193M

TABLE 3
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS - METRIC PRODUCTS (CONT'D)
Yield
Tensile Strength,
Strength, min, 0.2% Elongation Reduction
min, offset, in 4D, of Areal
Class Diameter, mm Heat Treatment" MPa MPa min, % min, % Hardness, max
Austenitic Steels

Class 2: B8, B8C, SSP, B8T, carbide solution treated and strain har- 860 690 12 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
and B8N D dened
M20 and under
over Mzo to M24, inel 795 550 15 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M24 to M30, lncl 725 450 20 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M30 to M36, incl 690 345 28 45 321 HB or 35 HRC

Class 2: B8M, B8MN, carbide solution treated and strain har- 760 665 15 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
BBMLCuN o dened
M2Q and under
over M20 to M24/ lncl 690 550 20 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M24 to M30, lnc! 655 450 25 45 321 H B or 35 H RC
over M30 to M36, Inc! 620 345 30 45 321 H 8 or 35 HRC
Class 28: 88, BBM2 D carbide solution treated and strain har- 655 515 25 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
M48 and under dened
over M48 to M64, lncl 620 450 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M64 to M72, inc! 550 380 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2C: B8M3 D carbide solution treated and strain har- 5B5 450 30 60 321 H B or 35 HRC
M48 and under dened
over M48 585 415 30 60 321 HB or 35 H RC

A To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall be over 200 H B (93 H RB).
B Class 1 is solution treated. Class 1A is solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance: heat treatment is critical due to
physical property requirement. Class 2 is solution treated and strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not
show uniform properties throughout the section particularly in sizes over M20 mm in diameter.
C For sizes M20 mm in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241HB (l00 HRB) is permitted.
D For diameters M38 and over, center (core) properties may be lower than indicated by test reports which are based on values determined
at l~ radius.

TABLE 4
MARKING OF FERRITIC STEELS
Grade Marking

B5 B5
B6 B6
B6X B6X
B7 B7
B7M [Note (ll] B7M
B7M
B16 B16

NOTE:
(1) For explanations, see 10.2.2 and 19.1.

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SA-193/SA-193M 2004 SEcnON II

TABLE 5
MARKING OF AUSTENITIC STEELS [NOTE (1)]

Class Grade Marking

Class 1 B8 B8
B8G B8G
B8M B8M
B8P B8P
B8T B8T
B8lN B8F
BBMLN B8G

Class lA BBA B8A

B8GA B8B 1
B8MA BBO ·1
BBPA B8H
B8TA
B8lNA
B8J
B8l
I
B8MlNA B81<
S8NA B8V
B8MNA B8W
B8MlGuNA B91<

Class 18 B8N B8N

B8MN B8Y
BBMLCuN B9J

Class Ie B8R B9A

B8RA B9B
B8S B90
B8SA B9F

Class 10 B8 B94
B8M B95
B8P B96
B8lN B97
B8MLN B98
B8N B99
B8MN 8100
B8R BIOI
B8S 8102

Class 2 B8 B8
B8G B8G
B8P B8P
B8T B8T
B8N B8N
B8M BBM
B8MN B8Y
B8MlGuN B9J

Class 28 88M2 B9G

B8 B9

Class 2C B8M3 B9H

NOTE:
(1)Classes 1, lA, 18, t C, 2, 28, and 2C may be marked with either
grade or marking listed. Class 10 may only be marked with
marking listed.

292
 PART A - FERROUS MATERIAL SPEClF!CATIONS SA·193/SA·193M

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not apply unless specified in the order and in the Ordering
lnformation, in which event the specified tests shall be made before shipment of the
product.

S1. High-Temperature Tests bolts of all sizes. (If the available area is inadequate,
Sf.I Tests to determine high temperature properties the grade symbol may be marked on one end and the
shall be made in accordance with Practice E 21, and manufacturer's identification symbol marked on the other
Practices E 139, E 292, E 150, and E 151. end.) For bolts smaller than V. in. [6 mm] in diameter
and studs smaller than % in. [10 mm] in diameter and
for \14 in. [6 mm] in diameter studs requiring more than
S2. Charpy Impact Tests a total of three symbols, the marking shall be a matter of
S2.1 Charpy impact tests based on the requirements agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
of Specification A 3201 A 320M, Section 6 and 7 shall
be made as agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser. When testing temperatures are as low as those S6. Stress Relieving
specified in Specification A 3201 A 320M, bolting should S6.1 A stress-relieving operation shall follow straight-
be ordered to that specification in preference to this speci- ening after heat treatment.
fication.
86.2 The minimum stress-relieving temperature shall
be 100°F [5SOC] below the tempering temperature. Tests
S3. 100 % Hardness Testing of Grade B7M for mechanical properties shall be performed after stress
relieving.
S3.1 Each Grade B7M bolt or stud shall be tested
for hardness by indentation method and shall meet the
requirements specified in Table 2.
S7. Magnetic Particle Inspection
S7.1 Bars shall be magnetic particle examined in
S4. Hardness Testing of Grade B16 accordance with Guide E 709. Bars with indications of
S4.1 For bolts or studs 2 \I, in. [65 mm] or smaller, cracks or seams are subject to rejection if the indications
the hardness for Grade B16 shall be measured on or near extend more than 3% of the diameter into the bar.
the end of each bolt or stud using one of the methods
prescribed in 10.2.1 for the Brinell or Rockwell C lest.
The hardness shall be in the range 253·319 HB or 25- S8. Stress- Relaxation Testing
34 HRC. S8.1 Stress-Relaxation Testing, when required, shall
be done in accordance with Practice E 328. The lest shall
be performed at 850°F [454°C] for a period of 100 h.
S5. Product Marking The initial stress shall be 50 M psi (345 MPa). The
S5.1 Grade and manufacturer's identification symbols residual stress at 100 h shall be 17 M psi (I17 MPa)
shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of minimum.

293
SA·193/SA·193M 2004 SECTION II

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

Xl. STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC Xl.2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given strain
STEELS hardened fastener are dependent not just on the alloy, but
XI.I Strain hardening is the increase in strength and also on the size of bar from which it is machined. The
hardness that results from plastic deformation below the minimum bar size that can be used, however, is estab-
recrystallization temperature (cold work). This effect is lished by the configuration of the fastener, so that the
produced in austenitic stainless steel by reducing over- configuration can affect the strength of the fastener.
sized bars or wire to the desired final size by cold drawing Xl.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and
or other process. The degree of strain hardening achiev- size may be machined from a smaller diameter bar than
able in any alloy is limited by its strain hardening charac- a bolt of the same alloy and size because a larger diameter
teristics. In addition, the amount of strain hardening that bar is required to accommodate the head of the bolt. The
can be produced is further limited by the variables of stud, therefore, is likely to be stronger than the same size
the process, such as the total amount of cross-section bolt in a given alloy.
reduction, die angle and bar size. In large diameter bars,
for example, plastic deformation will occur principally
in the outer regions of the bar, so that the increased X2. COMPARISON OF GRADE DESIGNATION
strength and.hardness due to strain hardening is achieved MARKING USED FOR AUSTENITIC
predominantly near the surface of the bar. That is, the STEEL IN VARIOUS EDITIONS OF A 193/
smaller the bar, the greater the penetration of strain hard- A 193M
ening. X2.1 See Tabie X2.l for Marking Cross References:

294
 PART A - FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-193/SA-193M

TABLE X2.1
MARKING SYMBOL CROSS REFERENCE
Grade Marking Symbol Used Prior Marking Symbol Used in A 193/A 193M- Marking Symbol Used in A 193/A 193M-92
Class Designation to A 193/A 193M-89 89 through A 193/A 193M-91a and Later Versions

1 BB B8 B8 B8
1 BBG BBe B8G B8G
1 B8M B8M B8M B8M
1 B8P B8P B8P B8P
1 B8T B8T B8T B8T
1 B8LN 88LN B80 or BeLN A BBF or B8LN
1 B8MLN BBMLN B81 or B8MLN A BSG or BBMLN
lA B8A B8A BsA B8A
lA B8GA B8GA 882 or B8CA A BSB or SaCA
lA B8MA B8MA B83 or B8MA A B8D or BeMA
lA B8PA B8PA 884 or B8PA A BsH or SaPA
lA B8TA B8TA B85 or BBTAA B8J or BaTA
lA B8LNA B8LNA B86 or 8BLNAA BaL or B8LNA
lA BSMLNA BBMLNA B87 or BBMLNA A B81< or l3aMLNA
lA B8NA SaNA B88 or SBNA A BBV or SaNA
lA 8sMNA B8MNA B89 or B~MNAA saw or B8MNA
lA BBMLCuNA B9K B or BBMLCuNA
IB B8N B8N B8N B8N
IB B8MN B8MN 890 or BBMN A BaY or 88MN
IB B8MLGuNA BI03 c or 8BMLCuNA A B

IB B8M LGuN B9J B or B8MLCuN

IG B8R B8R B8R 89A or BaR
IG B8RA B8RA Bgl or BBRA A 8gB or saRA
IG B8S B8S B8S B9D or BSS
IG B8SA SaSA 892 or B8SA A B9F or SaSA
ID B8 B94 c B94
ID B8M B9S c B95
ID B8P B96 C B96
ID B8LN B97 c B97
ID B8MLN 89S e B98
ID B8N B99
c B99
ID B8MN SlOOe BI00
ID B8R SIDle BIOI
ID B8S BI02 c 8102
2 B8 B8 B8 B8
2 B8G B8G B8G B8G
2 B8P B8P B8P B8P
2 B8T B8T B8T B8T
2 B8N B8N B8N B8N
2 B8M B8M B8M B8M
2 B8MN B8MN 893 or 8BMN A BaY or B8MN
2 B8MLGuN BI04
c or BBMLCuN A B9J 8 or B8MLCuN
2B B8M2 B8M2 B8M2 B9G or 88M2
2B B8 B9
2G B8M3 B8M3 B8M3 B9H or B8M3

A Option to mark with grade symbol added when A 193/A 193M-91a was published.
B Class designation corrected when A 193/A·193M-93a was published.
C Class or Grade added when A 193/A 193M-91a was published.

295
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