PYTHON

INTRODUCTION

INSTALLATION - INSTALL ON WINDOWS - INSTALL ON MAC

CODE EDITOR - PYCHARM INSTALLATION

PYTHON SYNTEX - FIRST PROGRAM - VARIABLES - DATA TYPES

USER INPUT - IF ELSE CONDITION - PRACTICE : QUIZ GAME

WHILE LOOP - PRACTICE : GUESS THE NUMBER

LIST - FOR LOOP

SET - TUPLES

DICTIONARY - PRACTICE - REFACTOR QUIZ GAME

FUNCTIONS - PRACTICE - REFACTOR QUIZ GAME WITH FUNCTION

MODULES & PACKAGES - EXCEL AUTOMATION

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

DATA ANALYSIS & VISUALISATION WITH PYTHON

PROJECT - DATA ANALYSIS & VISUALISATION WITH PYTHON

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 INTRODUCTION

Python is a programming language, just like java or javascript. It is very easy to learn and
very easy to get started with.

Advantage -

• Easy to learn
- Simple syntax
- Easy to setup

• Large Ecosystem
- large community
- many community

• Multi purpose language

- It is exible language

• Makes you more valuable at your work 😎 😎

Usage -

Famous Usages -

Web Development Machine Learning

Data Science Web Scrolling

Arti cial Intelligent Automation

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Less Likely Usage as better alternatives are available -

Mobile Development

Game Development

Desktop Development

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 INSTALLATION
Download Python from this below link -

https://www.python.org/downloads/

Installation on Windows
Run the python installer once downloaded

***Very Important - Make sure to select “Add Python 3.10 to PATH” & “Install
launcher for all user“ checkbox

Click on “Customise Installation”

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Select “Install for all users” and “Precompile standard library” checkbox
And also change the install location if you want and then click on Install

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Verify if installation was done successfully, -

Press Windows+X to open power users menu and then click “Command Prompt” or
“Command Prompt (Admin)”

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Or Click start. Scroll down and expand the “Windows System” folder, click “Command
Prompt”

In Command prompt type -

python —version

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INSTALL ON MAC
MAC already has python installed, but this won’t be latest so to get latest python version,
download python form https://www.python.org/downloads/

Installation on MAC is fairly simple, Run the python installer once downloaded and just
click on continue and install once asked

Once Installed, Open “Terminal” through spotlight search, and type “python —version”

For "python —version” you will get “Python 2.x” as result as this is the default python
installed on Mac. For "python3 —version” you will get “Python 3.x”, which we just
installed.

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 Code Editor - Pycharm
Installation
Pycharm is a code editor for python. Pycharm is an intelligent code editor which provides
smart code completion, code inspection, error highlighting and quick xes. It comes with
build-in development tools which makes developers life much easier.

You can use any other code editor like Visual Studio code as well, Or even write python
code without any code editor but Pycharm is the most popular and highly used code
editor for whiting python code, so we will use PyCharm for this tutorial.

Download from this below link -

https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/#section=mac

Download the free and open source community version, as that is more than enough for us.

Installation of pycharm is very simple on both Windows and MAC, just click on the installer
once it is downloaded and follow the screens to install. For Windows, change the Install
Location if needed. And for MAC, Once installed move PyCharm to Applications.

For Windows - Follow the below screenshots -

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For MAC - once PyCharm .dmg is fully downloaded, just click on it and move it to Applications
folder. As shown below.

Thats it! We are all set to create our First Python Application with PyCharm.

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Once Installed Open PyCharm & Click on New Project to create your rst project for
Python!

Enter your project name in the next screen, and change you project location to your preferred
location. For MAC, make sure Python3 is selected in Base Interpreter.

Our Code

Interpreter

Machine Code

NOTE*** Base Interpreter - Executes our Python program by converting our python code to
machine readable binary code.

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 PYTHON SYNTEX
First Program -

Print Hello World

print(“Hello World”)

- output
Hello World

Variables - A variable is a container that holds information that you can access later.

age = 20

name = “Rahul”

print(age)
print(name)

- output
20
Rahul

age = 30

- output
30

Data Types - Type of the variables

Basic Data types -

String - Strings can hold any text like your name, address
name = “Rahul”
address = “34th Street, 5th Avenue”

Int - Int can hold any number like your age, score in game
age = 20
score = 100

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 Float - Float can hold decimal number like rating
rating = 4.8

bool - bool can hold true/false value like weather you are vegetarian or not
is_vegetarian = True
is_non_vegetarian = False

There are many other data type, which we will later on.

User Inputs - In python we use input() function to get user input.

name = input(“What is your name? ”)

print(“Hi ” + name)

- output
What is your name? Rahul
Hi Rahul

IF Else Condition - To take decision based on some condition we use if else condition in
programming.

name = input(“What is your name? ”)

is_veg = False
is_egg = True

if is_veg:
print(name + " is vegetarian")
elif is_egg:
print(name + " is eggetarian”)
else:
print(name + " is not vegetarian")

- output
What is your name? Rahul
Rahul is eggetarian

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 PRACTICE : Quiz Game - Lets create a quiz game with everything we have learned so
far.

Problem Statement : We will ask user three question and check it with correct answer.

answer1 = input("Which animal is called King of Jungle? "

if answer1 == "Lion"

print("Correct Answer!!"

else

print("Game Over"

quit(

answer2 = input("Which is the tallest animal on the earth? "

if answer2 == "Giraffe"

print("Correct Answer!!"

else

print("Game Over"

quit(

answer3 = input("What type of bird lays the largest eggs? "

if answer3 == "Ostrich"

print("Correct Answer!!"

else

print("Game Over"

quit(

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:

 While Loop : We use while loop to execute a piece of code in loop.

Syntax -
while condition:
// Code that executes in loop until the while condition is true
else:
// code that executes once, when while condition is false

Ex -
i=0
while i < 5:
I=I+1
print(f“Hello {I}”) // This is how we do string formatting in python
else:
print(“Number is bigger then 5”)

- Output
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
Hello 5
Number is created then 5

PRACTICE : GUESS THE NUMBER - Make a game where user need to guess a number, and
user will be given 3 attempts to guess the correct number.

number = 1

attempt_limit =

i =

while i < attempt_limit

guess_number = input("Guess the number "

if int(guess_number) == number

print("You Win!!"

else

print("You Lost, try again!"

i = i +

else

print("You Lost, Game Over"

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List - List data type is use to store multiple items, list is changeable, ordered and allow duplicate
values

fav_fruits = [“Apple”, “Banana”, “Orange”]

print(fav_fruits) // Output - ['Apple', 'Banana', ‘Orange']

Change a item in List -

fav_fruits[0] = “Grapes”
print(fav_fruits) // Output - ['Grapes', 'Banana', ‘Orange']

Add new item in List -

fav_fruits,append(“Mango”)
print(fav_fruits) // Output - ['Grapes', 'Banana', ‘Orange’, ‘Mango’]

Remove new item in List -

fav_fruits.remove(“Orange”)
print(fav_fruits) // Output - ['Grapes', 'Banana', 'Mango']

For Loop - In python we can use for loop to iterate through each item in any List or sequence.

Ex -
for fruit in fav_fruits:
print("I like " + fruit)

- Output -
I like Grapes
I like Banana
I like Mango

for i in "PYTHON":
print(i)

- Output -
P
Y
T
H
O
N

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Set - This also stores multiple values but you can not have duplicates and sets are unordered.

fruits_set = {“apple”, “banana”, “orange”}

Add new item in Set -

fruits_set.add(“mango”)

Remove item from Set -

fruits_set.remove(“orange”)

Tuples - This also stores multiple values. Tuples are unchangeable, immutable and ordered.

fav_fruits = (“apple”, “banana”, “orange”)

fav_fruits[0]. // output - apple

Dictionary - With dictionary also we store multiple values, the bene t is we can store key and
value in dictionary, and it does not allow duplicate keys.

Ex -
person_dict = {
“Name” : “Rahul” ,
“Age” : 30,
“Occupation” : “Software Engineer”
}

print(person_dict[“Name”]) // output - Rahul

print(person_dict[“Age”]) // output - 30
print(person_dict[“Occupation”]) // output - “Software Engineer”

Change value for a key -

person_dict[“Occupation”] = “Senior Software Engineer”
print(person_dict[“Occupation”]) // output - “Senior Software Engineer”

Add new key value -

person_dict[“Address”] = “34th Street”
print(person_dict)

output -
{'name': 'Rahul', 'age': 30, 'Occupation': 'Software Engineer', 'address': '34th Street'}

Delete key value -

person_dict.pop(“Address”)

output -
{'name': 'Rahul', 'age': 30, 'Occupation': 'Software Engineer'}

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 Loop through each key value in dictionary -

for key, value in person_dict.items():

print(f"{x} {y}")

output -
name Rahul
age 30
Occupation Senior Software Engineer

PRACTICE : Refactor Quiz Game With Dictionary -

question_dict =

"Which animal is called King of Jungle? ": "Lion"

"Which is the tallest animal on the earth? ": "Giraffe"

"What type of bird lays the largest eggs? ": "Ostrich

for question, answer in question_dict.items()

user_answer = input(question

if user_answer == answer

print("Correct Answer!!"

else

print("Game Over"

brea

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}

"

Functions - As the name suggest, function is task. Like eating, running and jumping in real world
is a task.

To perform any task in programming we use function. A function is block of code which is written
to perform speci c task.

We can pass data, known as parameter into a function.

A function can return data as a result.

Ex -

def function_name():
print("Hello from a function")

function_name()

- Output -
Hello from a function

Function with return values and parameter -

def square_root(x):
return x*x

print(square_root(3))

- Output -
9

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 PRACTICE - Refactor Quiz Game with Functions -
Create quiz game for new set of questions as well, for example - quiz with capitals related
questions. And make sure to write reusable code.

def quiz_game(question_dict)

for question, answer in question_dict.items()

user_answer = input(question

if user_answer == answer

print("Correct Answer!!"

else

print("Game Over"

brea

animal_question_dict =

"Which animal is called King of Jungle? ": "Lion"

"Which is the tallest animal on the earth? ": "Giraffe"

"What type of bird lays the largest eggs? ": "Ostrich

quiz_game(animal_question_dict

capitals_question_dict =

"What is capital of India? ": "Delhi"

"What is capital of USA ? ": "Washington DC"

"What is capital of UK? ": "London

quiz_game(capitals_question_dict

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Modules & Packages -

Module - A python module is simply a python le with .py extension. The purpose of
module is to make python modularised and reusable. We have many built in modules
which python gives us to help us write code easily. Similarly we can create our own
modules.

Package - A package is group of module and a special le __init__.py. Package can also
have sub packages as well. Purpose of package is to group similar modules with same
agenda and distribute it to developers for reusability.
Ex - Django - Third Party Package to make web application

How can we install third party packages? We can check all the third party package from
https://pypi.org/ and install them using the instruction given. Like to install Django package
we can use below command -
pip install django

Excel Automation - For excel automation we need to use a third party package
“openpyxl”. So rst, we need to install this package using - pip install openpyxl

And then we can write below code to automate excel -

import openpyxl as x

wb = xl.load_workbook('employee.xlsx'

sheet = wb['Sheet1'

for row in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1)

cell = sheet.cell(row, 3

if sheet.cell(row, 2).value == "Senior Software Engineer"

increased_salary = cell.value + (cell.value * 0.2

else

increased_salary = cell.value + (cell.value * 0.1

increased_salary_cell = sheet.cell(row, 4

increased_salary_cell.value = increased_salar

wb.save('employee2.xlsx'

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 Object Oriented Programming

Object Oriented Programming, also knows as OOPS, is a programming paradigm which many
programming languages follow. In this paradigm, everything in software design revolves around
class and objects.

Class - Class is a blueprint of an actual or real world scenario.

Object - Object is an implementation/ instance of a class

Python Class & Objet Syntax -

def ClassName:

def __init__(self, parameter_name):

self.variable_name = parameter_name

def any_function_name(self):
print(“function de nition”)

Object -

object_name = ClassName(parameter_value)
object_name.any_function_name()

Example

def User:

def __init__(self, username_name):

self.username_name = username_name

def change_user_name(self, new_user_name):

self.username_name = new_user_name
print(f“Username changed to {self.username_name}”)

Object -

user = User(“Rahul”)
user.change_user_name(“Rohit”)

- Output -
Username changed to Rohit

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 Data Analytics & Visualisation with Python
For data analytics and visualisation with python, we use a web application tool called Jupiter
Notebook. As visualisation can not be done very well with pycharm. Jupiter is python based web
application through which you can easily create data analysis, machine learning and data science
project.

To install Jupiter, you need to install Anaconda - https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual

And just follow the installer window to install Anaconda in your system.

Once installed you should be able to see Anaconda Navigator in your launchpad or start menu.
Click on that and you should see this below window -

Anaconda, installs everything that you may require for data analysis, machine learning and also
for data science. We will only work with Jupiter Notebook. So click on the launch button to launch
the Jupiter notebook or you can open command prompt/ terminal and run the command - “jupiter
notebook”, and this should open Jupiter notebook in your preferred browser.

Now in browser, select the folder where you want to create your project. and then click on “New”,
to create new project, and select python3 notebook .

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Data analysis and Visualisation project -

Simple chart -

Simple Pie Chart -

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Compare India, United States and China Population - Download the CSV le and keep it in the
same folder as this project and then write below code to get the comparison chart -

Bar Chart -

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