Speech Delivery

Types of Speech According to Delivery
Notes:
A. MANUSCRIPT SPEAKING
Manuscript speaking, also known as read speech, is a written text read to an

audience from a paper script or teleprompter. This method involves reading a
speech verbatim and is typically used when there is time constraint or the speech
will be telecast.
How can you make a manuscript presentation a success?

1. Use large print so that it will be easy to read your speech without
straining your eyes.
2. Use light pastel paper for your speech rather than white paper to
reduce the glare from the lights.
3. Double or triple space your speech.
4. Mark pauses with a slash.
5. Highlight what you want to emphasize in your speech.
6. Create a full sentence outline to help keep you on track when reading
from your paper.
7. PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!!!!
You may be wondering why you have to practice a speech that you will be
reading. Although you will be reading from your paper or from a full sentence
outline, you want what you read to sound as natural and original as possible. If
you practice enough you will be more comfortable with what you read and
therefore, you will be able to focus more of your attention on your audience.
Advantages of Manuscript Speaking

➢ Precise wording can be planned.
➢ Timing of the speech can be down to seconds.
Disadvantages of Manuscript Speaking

➢ Most people do not read well enough to read an entire speech to an
audience.
➢ The natural, relaxed, enthusiastic, and direct qualities of delivery are all
limited by this method.
➢ Most people will not practice enough because they tend to assume that
reading a paper verbatim does not require practicing beforehand.
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Probable Uses:
➢ When the speaker must convey a precise message
➢ When the speaker wants to communicate exact descriptions and
directions so as not to be misquoted or misconstrued (politicians or
business leaders)
➢ During emergency situations when exact descriptions and directions are
Necessary
➢ When the speaker is accepting an award
B. MEMORIZED SPEECH
It is the act of memorizing the information in a speech and presenting it without

using notes.
Advantages:
If you memorize your speech you are more likely to perform better than the
speaker reading from a manuscript, since you can stay in touch with your
audience. When speaking from memory, you do not need to think about what is
coming next or how to express an idea as you would in extemporaneous
speaking; therefore, you can give more attention to the audience.
Disadvantages:
One of the main problems of delivering a speech from memory is sounding
rehearsed, or like you are reading. It is possible to memorize and deliver a speech
with variety and emphasis.
Tips for the Speaker

➢ When writing the speech, write as if you were speaking naturally, directly
to an audience.
➢ Develop an outline of the main points and then memorize the outline.
➢ If delivering the same speech to different audiences over time, memorize
the individual sections and then weave them together for each occasion.
➢ If you forget a word or two or a small section, just continue speaking.
Overall, if you have the attitude that you are communicating with an
audience rather than reciting words, you are likely to succeed.
C. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
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This type of speech is delivered by speakers who have expert knowledge on the
topic and are therefore able to deliver an entire speech using an outline of ideas
or cue cards. Although an extemporaneous speech is no less prepared and
organized than a read or memorized speech, it is not written down word for word
and there is no manuscript to read from. This allows for a more conversational
and interactive delivery. It allows speakers to make eye contact with the
audience—one of the best ways to connect with them and keep them involved
in the speech. Verbal and nonverbal communication is important in public
speaking, helping to make a speech clear and compelling to an audience.
Sample Outline of an Extemporaneous Speech:

I. Introduction
(includes a catchy opening line or an overview of the topic)
II. Body
(The main speech. It is advisable to limit main ideas to
three items for better organization and recall.)
➢ Main Idea 1
➢ Main Idea 2
➢ Main Idea 3
III. Conclusion
(This could include a recap of the three main ideas
discussed, a call to action if the speech is a persuasive one, or
an expression of gratitude to listeners.)
I. The Introduction
> Focuses the attention of your audience: used to command the attention of the
audience and get them interested in the speech; avoid gimmicks and stay
consistent with your speech topic and style of speaking; can include humor,
startling ideas, drama, suspenseful story, quotations, etc.
> Orients your audience to the topic: gives your audience a sense of why the
subject matter of your speech is relevant or important; sets the stage and
prepare them for the main ideas of the speech to come.
> Presents the thesis: states a single, clear, identifiable thesis in a way that
is as concrete, specific, and precise as possible.
> Previews the content of the speech: gives the audience a preview of the
ideas to come and their organization; makes your speech much easier
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to follow and aids in audience knowledge retention.
Here are seven effective methods to open a speech or presentation:

➢ Quote. Opening with a relevant quote can help set the tone for the rest of
your speech. ...
➢ “What If” Scenario. Immediately drawing your audience into your speech
works wonders. ...
➢ “Imagine” Scenario. ...
➢ Question. ...
➢ Silence. ...
➢ Statistic. ...
➢ Powerful Statement/Phrase.
II. The Body

• Organized around a limited number of main ideas.
Audiences have to remember all of your ideas and their connections. Most
speakers should work to limit themselves to 3-5 main ideas which are organized in
a clear pattern that is highlighted for the audience.
• Transitioning and signposting:

Like in papers they help the speech hang together, defining the connections and
relationships between the major elements of the speech. Overt and deliberate
transitions are even more critical for speeches than essays because audience
cannot go back to catch a link they may have missed the first time.
➢ Transitions link points together by expressing relationships between ideas.

➢ Signposts mark the “direction” of the speech, linking structural segments,
orienting the audience, and reminding them of where they are in the
speech (what has come and what is next).
III. The Conclusion

• Summarizes your main points. Remind the audience of the main ideas explored
in your speech. Paraphrase and combine in logical ways—do not just
mechanically recount the previous ideas.
• Leave your audience with something to think about. Speeches should end with
a bang, not a whimper. Try to finish with a sentence or two that leaves your
audience with a sense of the significance of what they just heard. This may be
accomplished by returning to the focus of the introduction, ending with a
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powerful and appropriate quotation, or concluding with your own assessment of
the importance of the topic.
PRESENTATION SKILLS
1. Vocal aspects of presentation:
➢ Projection: Your audience should be able to hear you easily without
feeling that you are shouting or straining to speak loudly. Projection is a
physical skill that can be enhanced by proper breathing and use of the
body/voice.
➢ Rate: Your speech should be conversational—not rushed nor artificially
slow. Most speakers tend to increase their rate of speaking due to
nervousness. Concentrate on inserting needed pauses, give yourself cues
in your notes to remind yourself to breathe, slow down, pause, etc. to help
prevent this increase.
➢ Vocal variety: The pitch, volume, and tone of your voice should vary
during the speech. Use these variations to emphasize important ideas, and
communicate your enthusiasm to your audience.
2. Physical aspects of presentation

➢ Body and movement control:
• Avoid distracting actions such as playing with your hair, a pen,
jewelry, etc.
• Stand comfortably balanced—do not sway, twist, lean.
• Do not lock hands and arms—allow for natural gesturing.
• Practice with notes to allow ease of use. Your notes should not
attract your audience’s attention (avoid brightly colored note cards,
avoid sheets of paper—they rattle, avoid writing on the back of
your notes)
➢ Eye contact:
A speech is an interaction between audience and speaker.
Looking down or away breaks that interaction and is often read as a sign
of insecurity and uncertainty. Lack of strong eye contact makes the
speaker seem unprepared or unprofessional and can distract your audience
(they may shift their attention to see where you are looking).
➢ Professional appearance: Audiences have already made evaluations of a

speaker’s credibility before the first word is uttered. Be sure your appearance
reflects a sense of care and is appropriate for your audience, venue, and
occasion. Avoid hats, avoid having anything in your mouth, make sure your face
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is visible, and that there is nothing distracting for your audience on your clothing
or accessories.
D. IMPROMPTU SPEAKING
An impromptu speech is a speech that you have to make without much or any
time to prepare. In life, this can happen when you attend special events, like
weddings or celebrations. In school, teachers use impromptu speeches as
homework assignments to help you develop communication skills and to help you
prepare for those future life surprises.
While this may seem like a cruel trick from a student's point of view, it actually
builds confidence and is great preparation for life.
Rarely will you be asked to stand and deliver a speech with no warning and no
time to organize your thoughts. This would be unusual in the classroom unless the
teacher is attempting to make a point about the importance of preparedness.
At some point in your life, however, you may be asked to speak without notice.
Here are a few things you can do to avoid panic and embarrassment.
1. Grab a pen and a piece of paper.

If you have a few moments before your speech is expected to begin, grab a
writing utensil and something to write on, whether it's a napkin, envelope, or the
back of a receipt you have on hand, and jot down a few thoughts.
2. Highlight a few interesting or significant points.

Keep in mind, your impromptu speech doesn't have to be long. A little-known
fact about effective speeches is that if you start with a good line and then end
with a really great punch, the speech will be perceived as a total success. So the
beginning and ending markers are critical. The middle portion of your speech
should relate to the event you're attending or the class assignment, but if you
have to choose one great moment, your ending line is particularly important. If
you can walk away gracefully, your speech will be a hit, so keep your big zinger
for last.
3. Try to memorize key points.
If you have time before your speech, create an outline of the major themes or
points and commit it to memory with a memorization trick, like an acronym. Don't
try to remember the entire speech in detail like this; just remember important
points.
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4. Hijack the topic.
There is an old trick that politicians use when they're being interviewed on TV, and
once you realize this, you can use it yourself. They think of questions ahead of
time (or topics to discuss), prepare some talking points, and talk about those,
despite the topic or question they're given. This is a handy trick when you're
facing a hard question or asked to discuss a topic with which you're unfamiliar.
5. Remember you're in charge of this time.

Your goal is to deliver a one-sided conversation, off the cuff, so you are in
complete control. Relax and make it your own. If you want to make this a funny
story about your pesky little brother who always bothers you during homework
time, then do it. Everyone will applaud your effort.
6. Feel free to acknowledge that you have not prepared for a speech.
If you are speaking in front of friends or family, it may ease your nervousness to
express your lack of preparation. This should not be an attempt to garner pity, but
rather a way to put yourself and your audience at ease. Then, take a deep
breath before you begin speaking. Zone out the audience or choose someone
specific to focus on, whichever makes you more comfortable.
7. Begin with your introductory sentence, elaborate, then start working your way
to your ending sentence.
Fill in the middle space with as many points as you can, elaborating on each one
as you go. Just concentrate on the zinger you've reserved for the end.
8. As you deliver your speech, concentrate on diction and tone.

If you are thinking about this, you won't be thinking about the eyes watching you.
Your mind can't think about too many things at once, so think about breathing,
enunciating your words, and controlling your tone, and you'll maintain more
control.
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Speech Delivery

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Types of Speech According to Delivery

Manuscript speaking, also known as read speech, is a written text read to an

How can you make a manuscript presentation a success?

Advantages of Manuscript Speaking

Disadvantages of Manuscript Speaking

It is the act of memorizing the information in a speech and presenting it without

Tips for the Speaker

Sample Outline of an Extemporaneous Speech:

Here are seven effective methods to open a speech or presentation:

II. The Body

• Transitioning and signposting:

➢ Transitions link points together by expressing relationships between ideas.

III. The Conclusion

2. Physical aspects of presentation

➢ Professional appearance: Audiences have already made evaluations of a

1. Grab a pen and a piece of paper.

2. Highlight a few interesting or significant points.

5. Remember you're in charge of this time.

8. As you deliver your speech, concentrate on diction and tone.

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