JIMS ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL

CAMPUS GREATER NOIDA

Affiliated to

GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

ACADEMIC SEESION: 2022-2023

SEMESTER: VII
Criminilogy

Crime Against Women in India

LL.B-409

Course=BBA LL.B

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Naman mahajan Mrs Rumi Ahmed
ENROLLMENT NO: 00625503521
ROLL NO: 06

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 Student Declaration

I Naman mahajan,student of BBA.LLB 7th semester of prestige institute of JIMS TECH

SCHOOL OF LAW ,NOIDA hereby declare that the report titled “Crime Against Women
”is submitted by us in the line of partial fulfillment of course objective for the BBA.LLB.

CERTIFICATE
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This is certify that NAMAN MAHAJAN student of BBA.LLB 7th semester Of JIMS
TECH school of law ,Noida has successfully completed his project report. We have
prepared this report “ Crime Against women” under my direct supervision and guidance.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks to our HOD Mr./Mrs. PALLAVI GUPTA for her time and efforts
she provided throughout the year. Your useful advice and suggestions were really helpful to me during the
project’s completion. In this aspect, I am eternally grateful to you.

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I would like to acknowledge that this project was completed entirely by me and not by someone else.

Signature
Your name; NAMAN MAHAJAN

INTRODUCTION
Despite the fact that men are more likely than women to be victims of violent crimes 61 per 1,000 for men
and 42.6 per 1,000 for women—patterns of victimization vary. According to Kilpatrick et al. (1992),
Bachman (1994), and Bachman and Saltzman (1995), women are significantly more likely than men to be
victimized by an intimate partner. In fact, in 1993, someone known to the victim was responsible for about

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three-quarters of all lone-offender violence against women, compared to one-half of lone-offender violence
against men (Bachman and Saltzman, 1995). It is essential to note that attacks by intimate partners pose a
greater threat to women than attacks by strangers: 52% of women who are assaulted by intimate partners
sustain injuries, whereas only 20% of women are assaulted by strangers (Bachman and Saltzman, 1995).
Ladies are likewise essentially bound to be killed by a private than are men. According to the Federal
Bureau of Investigation in 1993, only 3% of male homicide victims were killed by their wives, ex-wives, or
girlfriends, while 29% of female homicide victims were killed by their husbands, ex-husbands, or
boyfriends. Page 8 Recommended Citation:"1 Presentation." National Institute of Health. 1996.
Understanding Women's Violence Washington, DC: The Public Institutes Press. doi: 10.17226/5127. × Save
Cancel Ladies are bound to be exploited by male guilty parties than by female wrongdoers; around 3/4 of
fierce violations against ladies are committed by guys (Bachman, 1994). In one metropolitan trauma center,
viciousness was the most widely recognized reason for injury to ladies between the ages of 15 and 44 and
the second most normal reason for injury for all ladies (Grisso et al., 1991). At last, ladies are definitely
almost certain than men to be physically attacked. Women were ten times more likely than men to be raped
or sexually assaulted, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) (Bastian, 1995). The
yearly pace of assault is assessed to be 7.1 per 1,000 grown-up ladies, and 13 percent, all things considered,
will encounter effective assault at some point during their lives (Kilpatrick et al., 1994). Even conservative
estimates suggest that millions of American women are victims of violence, despite the fact that the exact
scope of violence against women is frequently disputed. According to Gordon and Riger (1989), many more
women suffer from the fear of rape, particularly the fear of violence. A couple of specialists have even
proposed that figuring out how to adapt to the danger of vicious exploitation is a regularizing formative
errand for females in the US (Gilfus, 1995). Disregarding the consideration that has been paid to savagery
against ladies lately, the exploration attempt is generally youthful, and much remaining parts obscure. There
really isn't a single discipline that focuses on violence against women. For instance, research on rape and
sexual assault is distinct from research on intimate partner violence, as is research on stalking, which is still
in its infancy. Additionally, all of this research is distinct from that on violence as a whole. The scientific
rigor of many of the studies in this emerging field of study on violence against women is still in its infancy.
In additional documents (Rosenbaum, 1988; Gelles, 1990; Koss, 1992, 1993; Rosenfeld, 1992; Smith,
1994), the methodological flaws in the research on rape and battering have been extensively discussed.
Comparing definitions across studies allows for Page 9 Recommended Citation:"1 Presentation." National
Institute of Health. 1996. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. × Save Cancel difficult. It is
impossible to draw generalizations from the majority of research on perpetrators and victims due to the use
of clinical samples, convenience samples, or other nonrandomized samples. Test sizes are much of the time
minuscule. As of late have complex measurable examinations been utilized. Nevertheless, despite all of the
flaws, a lot has been learned about the scope of violence against women, its perpetrators, and its effects on
victims. Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Academies 1996.

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 MEANING OF CRIME AGAINST WOMEN

"The semantic meaning of "crime against women" refers to either direct or indirect physical or mental
violence toward women. crimes "directed specifically against women" and committed in which are referred
to as "Crime Against Women" and claim that "only women are victims." .

Clarification of the term "violence against women" is also critical. Violent acts otherwise called misuse and
incorporate any kind of actual animosity or act up. When Domestic violence occurs when violence is
committed at home and involves family members. such as parents, children, spouse, or servants. Aggressive
behavior at home might include unique means like hitting, kicking, gnawing, pushing, limiting, tossing
objects. In general terms, it incorporates dangers, sexual maltreatment, psychological mistreatment,
controlling or tyrannical, extortion, rape, abduction, stalking, passive and covert abuse, and economic
deprivation seizing, murder (all instances of criminal viciousness, endowment demise, spouse battering,
sexual abuse, neglect, and abuse of an elderly woman and widow (all instances of domestic violence)
furthermore, eve-prodding, compelling spouse/little girl in-regulation to go for foeticide, constraining a
youthful widow to commit sati, among other forms of social violence, are problems that affect a significant
portion of society .

In its Declaration on the Abortion of all forms of violence against women It defines it as any form of
violence against women or men. that outcomes in, or is probably going to bring about, physical, sexual or
mental mischief or enduring to women, including acts of coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, threats
of such acts, happening out in the open or confidential life.(Violence Against Women in India By Guruappa
Naidu, New Delhi, Serials Publications, 2011, p. 23)

LEGAL PROVISION RELATED TO WOMEN IN INDIA

The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights,
Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to women, but also
empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women for neutralizing the
cumulative socio economic, education and political disadvantages faced by them.

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 Article14 (Right to Equality):
Article 14 of Indian Constitution is the Fundamental right, it is enforceable by the court of law. It says
that,have citizen of India have equal rights and opportunities and no person shall be denied on the basis of
race, caste, religion and gender. In recent decades, women were forced to marry in early age which badly
effects the higher studied of the girls and get job opportunities, which makes girls dependent.

 Article 15 (prohibition of discrimination on the ground of caste, sex religion):

Article 15 of Indian Constitution says that, no person shall be discriminated to get opportunities on the
ground of race, caste, sex and religion. The particular article promotes the equal wages to the men and
women on the workplace.

 Article 16 (Equality of Opportunity):

Article 16 of the Indian Constitution is one of the Fundamental Right which is given to every Indian Citizen.
This article ensures that, all citizen of India have the right to get an appointment in the public sector jobs
without any discrimination on the basis of gender. Article 16 encourages women through the appointment of
women in the public sector jobs.

 Article 39 (Equal Pay):

Article 39 of the Indian Constitution is talks about the equal pay to men and women. It is the directive
principle of the state policy and it is not enforceable in the court of law, it is the duty of the state.

Laws related to gender equality

In India, there are some specific legislation which is related to the women. These particular legislation are
work for the women welfare includes:

 The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956

 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961) (Amended in 1986)
 The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of 1988)
 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
 The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (PREVENTION, PROHIBITION and REDRESSAL)
Act, 2013
CRIME AGAINST WOMEN

 Harassment of Women in the Workplace :

Provocation of Ladies at Work environment (Counteraction, Disallowance and Redressal) Act, 2013 was
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passed with the target of giving security to the ladies at working environment. This statute supersedes the
Vishakha Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Harassment, which were established by the Supreme Court of
India. Sexual harassment occurs when one person subjects another person to an unwelcome act of physical
intimacy such as grabbing, brushing, touching, pinching, eve teasing, making an unwelcome demand or
request for sexual favors from another person, showing a person any sexually explicit visual material, in the
form of pictures, cartoons, pin-ups, calendar Each business is expected to comprise an Interior Protests
Board at every office or branch with at least 10 employees.The Act covers understudies in schools and
universities as well as patients in medical clinics, managers and nearby specialists should set up complaint
panels to explore all complaints.Any distressed lady might document an objection recorded as a hard copy to
the Inside council/Neighborhood Board of trustees in no less than 90 days from the date of occurrence or the
date of the last episode in the event of a progression of occurrences. The casualty can likewise record a
protest with Police under Indian Punitive Code 1860 under Segments 294,354, 354A, 509.

 Corrosive Assault:
Acid throwing, also known as an acid attack, is a type of violent assault in which acid or another corrosive
substance is thrown onto another person's body with the intention of disfiguring, maiming, torturing, or
killing them. The perpetrators of these assaults throw acid at their victims, typically on their faces, which
burns them, damages the skin, exposes and sometimes dissolves the bones, and burns them. In the long run,
these assaults may result in blindness, permanent scarring of the face and body, as well as far-reaching
difficulties in social, psychological, and financial matters. The penalties for voluntarily throwing or
attempting to throw acid and voluntarily causing grievous bodily harm by means of acid are set forth in
Sections 326A and 326B of the Indian Penal Code of 1860, respectively. Area 100 of the Indian Punitive
Code permits the right of private guard to the degree of causing demise assuming there is corrosive is tossed
or there is an endeavor of tossing corrosive.

 Rape:
Assault is perhaps of the most grievous barbarity carried out on a lady in our general public . It is known to
be the fourth most normal wrongdoing against ladies in India.Rape happens on the off chance that a man has
sex i.e, enters his penis, to any degree, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or butt of a lady or causes her to do to
so with him or some other individual; or supplements, to any degree, any article or a piece of the body, not
being the penis, into the vagina, the urethra or rear-end of a lady or causes her to do to so with him or some
other individual; or controls any piece of the body of a lady to cause entrance into the vagina, urethra, rear-
end or any piece of collection of such lady or causes her to do to so with him or some other individual; or
applies his mouth to the vagina, rear-end, urethra of a lady or causes her to do to so with him or some other
individual, in light of the current situation falling under any of the accompanying seven depictions: —
despite her wishes. Without her assent. When her consent has been obtained by putting her or any person in
whom she has an interest in fear of harm or death, with her consent. by posing as her husband to obtain her
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consent. when she is unwell or under the influence of alcohol and does not comprehend the nature of what
she has agreed to or the consequences. Regardless of her assent, when she is under eighteen years old. when
she is unable to give her permission.

 Domestic Violence:
Abusive behavior at home can be portrayed as where one grown-up seeing someone power to control
another. It is the foundation of dread in a relationship through viciousness that incorporates different types
of misuse. Threats, physical harm, and sexual assault are all possible forms of violence. Now and again it
very well may be more unpretentious, for example, causing somebody to feel useless, not allowing them to
have any cash, or not permitting them to leave the home.An Application can be recorded to the Justice under
Area 12 of the Aggressive behavior at home Demonstration, 2005. The Magistrate has the authority to grant
residence, protection, monetary relief, and compensation orders. Objection can likewise be recorded under
Segment 498A for savagery by spouse or his family members alongside interest for dowry.The words
"shared family" were viewed as by High court in SR Batra v TarunaBatra AIR 2007 SC 1088, to mean
house having a place with or taken on lease by husband or house which has a place with joint group of
which husband is a part . According to the Delhi Court's decision in Sudha Mishra v., a wife is not entitled
to stay in her father-in-law's house under the Domestic Violence Act because it is solely her mother-in-law's
property. (Surya Chandra Mishra RFA 299/2014.)

 Cruelty/Dowry demand:
A new section, Section 498A, was added to the Indian Penal Code to stop the increasing number of dowry
torture and dowry deaths. Anyone who, as a woman's husband or a relative of her husband, cruelly treats her
will be subject to up to three years in prison and a fine under this section. The term "cruelty" in this context
refers to any willful behavior that has the potential to drive a woman to take her own life, injure or threaten
the woman's life, limb, or health—physical or mental—or to harass the woman in order to force her to
comply with an illegal demand for property or security or to terminate the relationship if she does not
comply. In 1983, Section 198A was later included in the Criminal Procedure Code. The Protection of
Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 added protections against dowry harassment for women.
Segment 304B was added to the Indian Correctional Code, 1860 ("IPC"), which made endowment passing a
particular offense culpable with a base sentence of detainment for quite some time and a greatest detainment
for life.Further, under Area 4 of the Share Restriction Act, 1961 an interest for Settlement is an offense
wherein request is made at the hour of or even after marriage even where no savagery is involved .

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the report on "Crime Against Women in India" underscores the multifaceted
and pervasive nature of violence directed towards women, revealing deep-seated societal
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issues that require urgent and comprehensive intervention. Despite legal frameworks
established to protect women's rights, including constitutional provisions and specific
legislation like the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act and the Sexual
Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, the persistence of crimes such as rape, domestic
violence, and acid attacks illustrates significant gaps in enforcement and societal change.
The statistics highlight that women are disproportionately affected by intimate partner
violence and other forms of aggression, emphasizing the need for enhanced legal protections,
more robust support systems, and a shift in cultural attitudes. This report, therefore, not only
reflects on the existing legal measures but also calls for a concerted effort towards
implementing and expanding these laws, fostering greater public awareness, and ensuring
that justice is served effectively to combat and eventually eradicate crimes against women in
India.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. www.manupatra.com
2. www.scconline.com
3. www.legalserviceindia.com
4. https://womenlawsindia.com/legal-awareness/crimes-against-women/
5. https://loksabhadocs.nic.in/Refinput/New_Reference_Notes/English/Crimeagainstwomen.pdf

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