How To Design Load

Flow Analysis in
MATLAB/SIMULINK
By Dr. J. A. Laghari

Power System Modelling in MATLAB

This example is taken
from the book Power System
Analysis by Hadi Sadat.

Chapter 6,
Example 6.7.
 Example
Figure shows the one line diagram of a simple power three bus power
system with generation at bus 1. The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is
adjusted to 1.05 p.u. the scheduled loads at buses 2 and 3 are as marked on
the diagram. Line impedances are marked in per unit on a 100 MVA base
and the line charging susceptance are neglected.

(a) Using the Gauss-seidel

method, determine the phasor
values of the voltage at the load
buses (P-Q buses) 2 and 3
accurate to four decimal places.
(b) Find the slack bus real
and reactive power.
 Solution:
 Actual Impedance of the Transmission Line 1-2
Resistance in per unit is given as below:

R  0.02 p.u.
X L  0.04 p.u.
Actual Impedance is given by

Z Actual  Z p.u .  Z Base

 Solution:
 Actual Impedance of the Transmission Line 1-2
To calculate Actual Impedance, we need the
based impedance. The Base Impedance is given by:

V 2 base
Z base 
Sbase
Base MVA is given as 100 MVA and Base kV is not given in the example. However,
to put the values in Matlab/Simulink, we need the base kV. The default base kV in
Matlab/Simulink is 25 kV. Therefore, we assume base kV as 25 kV. However, you may
choose any base kV value, it will have no effect in the Matlab/Simulink Results.
 Solution:
 Actual Impedance of the Transmission Line 1-2
V 2 base (25 103 ) 2 625 106
Z base     6.25
Sbase 100 10 6
100 10 6

Actual Resistance is given as below:

R  0.02  6.25
The Matlab/Simulink ask the value of Inductance in
Henry instead of Inductive Reactance. We know that

X L  2  f  L
 Solution:
 Actual Impedance of the Transmission Line 1-2
XL
L
2  f
Therefore, actual inductance will be

X L  6.25 0.04  6.25

L 
2  f 2    60
 Solution:
 Actual Impedance of the Transmission Line 1-3
Actual Resistance is given as below:

R  0.01 6.25
Therefore, actual inductance will be

X L  6.25 0.03  6.25

L 
2  f 2    60
 Solution:
 Actual Impedance of the Transmission Line 2-3
Actual Resistance is given as below:

R  0.0125  6.25
Therefore, actual inductance will be

X L  6.25 0.025  6.25

L 
2  f 2    60
 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
First admittance matrix is formed. To form admittance bus
matrix, first impedances are converted into their admittances.

1 1 1 0.02  j 0.04
y12      10  j 20
Z12 0.02  j 0.04 0.02  j 0.04 0.02  j 0.04
1 1 1 0.01  j 0.03
y13      10  j 30
Z13 0.01  j 0.03 0.01  j 0.03 0.01  j 0.03
1 1 1 0.0125  j 0.025
y23      16  j 32
Z 23 0.0125  j 0.025 0.0125  j 0.025 0.0125  j 0.025
 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
Y11  y12  y13  10  j 20  10  j 30  20  j 50
Y22  y12  y23  10  j 20  16  j 32  26  j 52
Y33  y13  y23  10  j 30  16  j 32  26  j 62
Y12  Y21   y12  10  j 20
Y13  Y31   y13  10  j 30

Y23  Y32   y23  16  j32

 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
Now, the bus admittance matrix can be formed as below:

20  j50  10  j 20  10  j30

YBus   10  j 20 26  j52  16  j32
 10  j30  16  j32 26  j 62 
At the P-Q buses, the complex loads expressed in per unit are:
Here negative
S 2( Actual )  256.6  j110.2 
S 2( p.u )      2.566  j1.102 p.u sign is given in
S Base  100  order to show that
this is not the
S3( Actual ) 138.6  j 45.2  supplied power. In
S3( p.u )      1.386  j 0.452 p.u fact, it is load.
S Base  100 
 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
To calculate the voltages at bus 2 and bus 3, Bus 1 is
selected as slack bus. Starting from an initial estimate of

V20  1.0  j 0; V30  1.0  j 0

V2 and V3 are computed by using equation:
 
1  Pk  jQk n
r
Vk( r 1)   ( r )*
  Yki  Vi 
Ykk  Vk i 1 
 i  k 
1  P2  jQ2 (0) 
V 2
(1)
   ( 0 )*
 Y21  V1  Y23  V3 
(0)

Y22  V2 
 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
  2.566  j1.102 
1   (  10  j 20 )  (1.05  j 0.0)  
V2(1)    1.0  j 0.0 
26  j52  
 ( 16  j 32 )  (1.0  j 0.0) 

V2(1)  0.9825  j 0.0310

1  P3  jQ3 (1) 
V3
(1)
   ( 0 )*
 Y31  V1  Y32  V2 
(0)

Y33  V3 
  1.386  j 0.452 
1   ( 10  j 30 )  (1.05  j 0.0)  
V3(1)    1.0  j 0.0 
26  j 62  
 ( 16  j 32 )  ( 0.9825  j 0.0310 ) 
 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
V 3
(1)
 1.0011  j 0.0353
For second iteration,

1  P2  jQ2 (1) 
V 2
( 2)
   (1)*
 Y21  V1  Y23  V3 
(0)

Y22  V2 

  2.566  j1.102 
1   ( 10  j 20 )  (1.05  j 0.0)  
V2( 2)    0.9825  j 0.031 
26  j52  
 ( 16  j 32 )  (1.0011  j 0.0353 ) 
 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
V 3
(1)
 1.0011  j 0.0353
For second iteration,

1  P2  jQ2 (1) 
V 2
( 2)
 
 (1)*
 Y21  V1  Y23  V3 
(0)

Y22  V2 
  2.566  j1.102 
1   ( 10  j 20 )  (1.05  j 0.0)  
V2( 2)    0.9825  j 0.031 
26  j52  
 ( 16  j 32 )  (1.0011  j 0.0353 ) 

V 2
( 2)
 0.9816  j 0.052
 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
1  P3  jQ3 ( 2) 
V 3
( 2)
   (1)*
 Y31  V1  Y32  V2 
(0)

Y33  V3 

  1.386  j 0.452 
1   (10  j30)  (1.05  j 0.0)  
V3( 2)    1.0011  j 0.0353 
26  j 62  
 ( 16  j 32 )  ( 0.9816  j 0.052 ) 

V3( 2)  1.0008  j 0.0459

 Solution:
 1. Calculation of Phase Voltages:
The process is continued and a solution is converged with an
accuracy of 5x10-5 per unit in seven iteration as given below:

V 2
(7)
 0.98  j 0.06  0.98183   3.5035  p.u

V 3
(7)
 1.0  j 0.05  1.00125   2.8624  p.u
 Solution:
 2. Slack Bus Real and Reactive Power:
With the knowledge of all bus voltages, the slack bus power is obtained from:

P1  jQ1  V1  I1  V1  V1  ( y12  y13 )  y12  V2  y13  V3 

1.05  (10  j 20  10  j30) 
 
P1  jQ1  1.05   (10  j 20)  (0.98  j 0.06)
 (10  j30)  (1.0  j 0.05) 

P1  jQ1  4.095  j1.890

 Solution:
 2. Slack Bus Real and Reactive Power:
P1( Actual)  4.095 100  409.5 MW

Q1( Actual )  1.89 100  189.0 M var

THANK YOU VERY MUCH