History Additional Reading

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A (CALABARZON)
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DASMARIÑAS
DASMARIÑAS INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
CONGRESSIONAL SOUTH AVENUE, BUROL I, CITY OF DASMARIÑAS, CAVITE
1st Semester – SY 2024 – 2025

CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
Various Contemporary Art Form
Speaking of art, there are many words that will always pop up in our mind. When we say
forms, classifications we can name them one by one.
Today, we will discuss various art forms of contemporary arts.

1. PRACTICAL (Utalitarian) ART. This art is intended for practical for practical
use or utility. It is the changing of raw materials for utilitarian purposes.
However, they must possess ornaments or artistic qualities to make them
useful and beautiful.
2. INDUSTRIAL ARTS. It is the changing of raw materials into some significant
products for human are shell craft, bamboo crafts, leather craft, pottery
making, sheet – metal work and manufacture of automobiles, home
appliances and televisions set.
3. APPLIED / HOUSEHOLD ART. It refers mostly to household arts such as
flower arrangement, interior decoration, dress making, home – making,
embroidery, cooking and others.
4. CIVIC ART. This art includes city or town planning, maintenance, and
beautification of parks. This refers to beautification to improve the
standards of living.
5. COMMERCIAL ART. It involves business propaganda in the form of
advertisements in newspapers and magazines, sign painting, billboard and
announcements, leaflets, displays, poster designing, movie illustrations
and many more.
6. GRAPHIC ART. It is anything printed from raised or sunken reliefs and
plane surfaces.
7. AGRICULTURAL ART. (crop production), horticulture (garden or orchard
cultivation), husbandry (raising of cows, carabaos, poultry and swine) and
farming.
8. BUSINESS ART. This includes merchandising, accounting, bookkeeping,
typewriting, stenography, salesmanship, and business administration.
9. FISHERY ART. It includes shallow and deep-sea fishing, fish refrigeration
and culture, net weaving.
10. MEDICAL / CLINICAL ART. It includes first aid treatments, medical
manufacturing, surgery, medical operation, rehabilitations and other
(crafted:Bryanhttps://www.slideshare.net/bryanaortiz5/contemporary-
arts-inthephilippines)
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(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

Congressional South Avenue, Burol I, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
Telephone No.: (046) 887-0125
DepEd Tayo Dasmariñas Integrated High School - Dasmariñas City 301186@deped.gov.ph
Philippine Art History

I. Pre-Colonial Arts /Ethnic Arts
Was there art before colonization? In art chronicle terms, we imply art a few times
as of late the coming of the essential colonizers as “pre - triumph”. In expound
terms, we insinuate to it as natural the thought that our forerunners, have been
making art without a doubt a few times as of late colonization. It is also described
in cultural terms as “pre-colonial” as a term to use the general way of life before
colonization. Although the terms are interchangeable, it is also useful to keep
these distinctions in mind when studying the art of the past.
In Pre – colonial Philippines, arts are for ritual purposes or for everyday use. Art
of the ancient Filipinos were woven into the fabric of everyday life. They do not
refer to art as we do today. That is, as an expression of an individual, and seen
largely in galleries and concert halls. They do not distinguish forms into different
categories like music, theater, visual arts, etc. Everyday expressions were all
integrated within rituals that marked significant moments in a community’s life,
like planting, harvesting, rites passage, funerary, ceremonies, weddings, among
others.
Our ancestors, just like others in the world during those times, were hunter
gatherers. The forefathers hunted food and game that were shared among
members of a community in a gathering where they told stories about the hunt.
They imitated the movement of animals and prey, and the sounds that they made.
But how do arts apply? In this simple activity alone evolved ritual, music, dance,
theater and yes even literature. When they told stories about the hunt, this form
of oral story telling marked the beginnings of the literature. When they imitated
movements of the animals they hunted, this marked the early beginnings of
theater or play acting. When they learned to add drum beating and attach rhythm
to their movements, they have given birth to music and dance.
The pre- colonial peoples of the Philippines already possessed a varied and vibrant
musicale culture. The country’s indigenous cultures through the existence of
ethnic musical instruments such as pipes , flutes, zithers, drums, various string
instruments like kudyapi a three stringed guitar, the kulintang – an array bossed
gongs, the gansa or flat gong, bamboo percussion instruments, and the gong –
large bossed gong.
The following are the native dance 4 forms imitated from the movements of the
animals:
a) Pangalay dance (Sulu) is mimetic of the movements of the sea birds.

b) Mandaya’ Kinabua, Banog – banog (Higaonon & B’laan), and ma- manok
(Bagobos in Mindanao is imitated the movements of predatory birds.
c) Talip Dance (Ifugao) that is used for courtship is mimetic of the movements
of wild fowls.
d) Inamo dance (Matigsalugs) and Kadaliwas dance (T’Boli) represent the
comedic movement of the monkey.
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Telephone No.: (046) 887-0125
e) Tinikling dance evocative of the movements of the crane, balancing itself

on stilt – like legs or flirting away from the clutches of bamboo traps.
Famous artworks during pre – colonial

1. Carving
Bulul (Cordillera) a granary God that plays an important role in rituals
Hagabi (Ifugao) a wooden bench
Santos / sculptures of saints (Laguna and Pampanga)
Okir (Tausug / Samal / Badjao) mythical sarimanok, the naga or serpent.
Manunggul Jar discovered at Manunggul cave of Palawan
2. Weaving
Textile weaving
Pis siyabit (Tausug of Sulu) a headpiece woven
Malong (Maranao of Lanao del Sur)
Mat and basket weaving
Tepo mat (Sama of Tawi-Tawi) a double layered made of Pandan leaves.
Ovaloid basket (Itbayat, Batanes) a head sling made of nito or bamboo used to
carry the harvests.
Bubo (Ilocos region) a sturdy bamboo strips used to trap the fish.
3. Ornamentation - representations of various ethnolinguistic groups.
Wearing gold jewelry (upper class Tagalog)
Tattooing (Visayan) it is believed to protect the individual from evil spirits, it is
also a sign of bravery and maturity.
II. ISLAMIC ERA (13TH Century to the Present)

How did Islam influence art before the coming of Spanish colonizers? Islamic is
characterized by geometric designs and patter selecting focus from the believers.
Even before the coming of Spanish colonizers, Islam was already well entrenched
in Southern Philippines. Filipino Muslims recognize that they belong to an
ummah or a community of believers. Central to the Islamic faith is the doctrine of
or unity of God. This belief emphasizes the impermanence of nature and the
incomprehensible greatness of the Divine Being. In Islamic art we can observe
how artist is influenced by the notion of the Tawhid; we will find that the interior
of mosques are covered with elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs to draw the
attention away from the concrete object, in other words away from human forms
and nature” toward the contemplation of the divine”.
Happenings During Islamic Era

• Sultanate of Sulu was established Sayyid Abbubakar
• Qura or holy text was introduced
• Building of religious school called Madrasah
• Natives from Yakans , Basilan and Zamboanga were converted to Islam
• Islamazation process In Mindanao became strong.
• Islam became the religion and as a way of life of people in Mindanao
(Tausug, Maranao, Maguindanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao).
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Telephone No.: (046) 887-0125
III. SPANISH ERA (1521 – 1898)

What kinds of art developed during Spanish Colonization? Art became a hand
maiden of religion, serving to propagate the Catholic faith and thus support the
colonial order at the same time. Religious orders were dispatched to convert the
natives to Catholicism as part of the larger project culturally as religious art,
lowland Christian art or folk art. During this period, cruciform churches following
the shape of the latin cross were built. In keeping with the prevailing, they were
characterized by grandeur, drama, and elaborate details that purposely appealed
to the emotions. The use of adobe, limestone or brick and the construction of thick
buttresses or wing like projections reinforce the church structure to make it more
resistant to earthquake. In other words, the result is a fusion of both native and
European elements, prompting some art historians to refer to the style as colonial
baroque or Philippine or tropical baroque.
Important Happenings related to art during Spanish era

• Chinese artisans were engaged in making icons or saints made in wood or
ivory
• Colonial churches were built
• Western musical instruments were introduced, pipe organ, violin, guitar,
and piano
• Catholic liturgical music was introduced in 1742
• Choral music to boys were introduced and created the first Filipino
composers named Marcelo Adonay (1848 – 1928)
• Musical form based on Catholic faith have emerge in the Pasyon – the
biblical of Christ’s passion chanted in an improvise melody.
• Secular music was formed; the awit and the corridor – these were the two
musical forms based on European literature and history.
• Kundiman became a vehicle for conflict – the lyrics were that of unrequited
love, except that the love object was the Philippines who would be cleverly
concealed as beautiful woman.
• Mangyans made the baybayin script made of bamboo poles cut into smaller
nodes that are carved used to composed short poems, expressing one’s
feelings and other emotional concerns. Pomp and pageantry of religious
processions were introduced.
• Zarzuela was introduced, it was an opera which features singing and
dancing with prosed dialogue which allowed the story to be carried out in a
song.
• Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were awarded as the most
distinguished playwrights as they wrote zarzuela in Tagalog
• Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama awardeded as the most celebrated leading
actress.
• The first Senakulo was written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen Komedya
were also introduced; komedya de santo (it centers on life of Christ) and
Secular Komedya. Folk dances such as carinosa, pandango, polka , dansa
and rigodon, habanera, and tango were introduced. Visual arts, and
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Telephone No.: (046) 887-0125
paintings must be visual interpretation of biblical texts center to Catholic

devotion ex. Heaven Earth and Hell by Jose Dans (1850).
• Reprographic art of printmaking was introduced, Doctrina Christiana is an
example, the first printed book in the Philippines compiling song lyrics,
commandments, sacraments and other catechetical material.
• Juan Luna ( Spolarium) won gold medals and Felix Resurrection
• Hidalgo (Virgenes christianas expuestas al populacho) won silver Medals
Famous Artists and their artworks during Spanish era:
Visual Arts:
1. Damian Domingo – water color albums of tipos
2. Juan Luna – Spoliarium, Espana y Filipinas
3. Felix Resurrection Hidalgo – Virgenes christianas expuestas al populacho
4. Lorenzo Guerrero - The Water Carrier
5. Simon Flores – Portrait of the Quiazon Family
6. Jose Dans – Heaven, Earth, Hell
7. Esteban Villanueva - Basi Revolt
Miniature painters Engraver:

1. Antonio Malantic
2. Isidro Arceo, Nicolas
3. Dionesio de Castro
4. Laureano Atlas
5. Justiniano Assuncion
6. Felipe Sevilla
Engraver
1. Francisco Suarez
2. Nicolas Engraver
3. Laureano Atlas
4. Felipe Sevilla
Musician – Composer
1. Marcelo Adonay
Theater artist:
1. Honorata “ Atang” dela
Writers:
1. Severino Reyes – Zarzuela
2. Hermogenes Ilagan – Zarzuela
3. Gaspar Aquino de Belen – Senakulo
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Telephone No.: (046) 887-0125
AMERICAN ERA (1898 – 1940) to the Post war Republic (1946 – 1969)
What were the changes brought about by American Colonization? How were they differing
from the religious forms of the Spanish colonial period? In the American regime, commercial
and advertising arts were integrated into fine arts curriculum. Moreover,
Americans favored idyllic sceneries and secular forms of arts. Because the lingua franca of this
period was English, poems and stories from books were dramatize in classroom, to facilitate the
teaching of the English language.
Unlike, the Spanish, the Americans passionate thought their language through
an efficient public school system. In less than decade, Filipino playwrights began to write plays
in English. In the beginning of the 20th century, new urban pattern that responded to the
secular goals of education, health and governance was imposed. The new patrons of the arts
included the Americans who engaged in governance and education, business and tourism. The
demand for artists who could do illustrations in textbooks or graphic design to product labels
thus emerged. The inclination towards genre, still life and portrait paintings persisted.
Landscapes on the other hand, became cherished as travel souvenirs, especially those that
captured the exotic qualities of Philippine terrain. In 1909, a year after the establishment of the
University of the Philippines, its School of Fine Arts was opened. It also offered a course on
commercial design to fulfill the aforementioned demand. For some time, the academic (a term
referring to the kind of art was influenced by European academies) tradition of painting and
sculpture in the manner of Amorsolo and Tolentino prevailed in the art scene.
Famous Artist during American Era

1. Juan Abad – Tanikalang Ginto (Golden Chain) (1902)
2. Juan Matapang Cruz – Hindi ako Patay ( Iam Not Dead) 1903
3. Aurelio Tolentino – Kahapon , Ngayon at Bukas (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow)
(The above 3 artists emphasized their works a deep profound yearning for freedom.)
4. Lino Castillejo (author) – A Modern Filipina
First Filipino written in English
5. Jesus Araullo (author) – A Modern Filipina
6. Daniel Burnham (architect) - He design Manila and Baguio
7. William Parsons – implanted Burnham Plan – an urban designed employed Neoclassic
architecture.
8. Thomas Mapua Filipino architects who designed buildings during
9. Andres Luna de San Pedro
the period.
10. Antonio Toledo
11. Fabian dela Rosa (naturalists Painter) – Planting Rice (1921), El Kundiman (1930)
12. Fernado Amorsolo
• romantic painter – Dalagang Filipina, idyllic landscapes, historical paintings
• graphic artist –The Philippine Readers (book) The Independent (newspaper)
• logo designer - Ginebra San Miguel.
• Guillermo Tolentino (sculpture) – Oblation (1935) UP Oblation (1958)
• Bonifacio Monument (1933).
IV. JAPANESE ERA (1941 – 1945)

Since the Japanese advocated for the culture of East Asia, preference was given to the indigenous
art and traditions of the Philippines. This emphasized their propaganda in Asia. Under the
Japanese occupation of Manila, the Modern Art Project would slow down in pace. Early moderns
and conservatives alike continued to produce art and even participated in KALIBAPI (Kapisanan
sa Paglingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas) sponsored art competitions. Nevertheless, art production once
again tilted to fulfill the agenda and demands of the new colonial order. The Japanese forces led
the formation of the greater East asia Co – Prosperity Sphere, a propaganda movement that sought
to create a Pan Asian identity rejected Western traditions. The productions of images, texts, and
music underwent scrutiny.
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Telephone No.: (046) 887-0125
In music, the composer National Artist Felipe de Leon was said to have been commanded to write
AWIT SA PAGLIKHA NG BAGONG PILIPINAS. Declared as the anthem specifically for the period,
it conveyed allegiance to the nation reared in East Asia, where Japan was actively asserting its
political power.
Genre paintings were the most widely produced, particularly those that presented a neutral
relationship between Filipinos and the Japanese through works that showed the normality of daily
living.
Famous artist and their artworks during Japanese era

1. Fernado Amorsolo (painting)
Harvest scene, 1942
Rice Plating, 1942
Bombing of the Intendencia (1942)
Ruins of Manila Cathedral (1945)
2. Sylvia La Torre (song) - Sa kabukiran
3. Levi Celerio (composer) - Sa Kabukiran
4. Felipe P. de Leon (composer) - Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas
5. Crispin Lopez (painting) - Study of an Aeta (1943)
6. Diosdado Lorenzo (painting) - Atrocities in Paco
7. Dominador Castaneda (painting) - Doomed Family (1945)
V. MODERN ERA (Neo Realism, Abstraction Modern styles)

What is Modern Art? Modern art is quite different from contemporary art especially when in terms
of history and styles. Modern era in the Philippine art began after World War 2 and the granting
independence. Writers and Artists posed the question of national identity as the main theme of
various art forms. It is referred to as “traditional compared to contemporary art. The styles of
modern art for example are now part of art and curricula and have become academic.
The most well- known proponent of Modern art painting is Victorio Edades whose work were
initially rejected and misunderstood but later on his modernist sensibility was shared by several
artists. In this era artists explored various mediums, techniques and themes that were at that
time considered “new”. There was an exploration of subject matter, content, and form. Using
modernists figuration, many of the artists explored folk themes and also crafted commentaries on
the urban condition and the effects of the war.
Modern artists do not aim to copy and idealize reality; instead, they change the colors flatten the
picture instead of creating illusions of depth, nearness and farness. They depict what might be
thought of as “ugly “and unpleasant instead of the beautiful and pastoral. Another strand of
Modern art is abstraction. It consists of simplified forms, which avoided mimetic representation.
It is sometimes referred as nonrepresentational or nonobjective art as it emphasizes the
relationship of colors, line, space or the flatness of the canvas rather than an illusion of three
dimensionality.
Modern famous artists and their artworks
Neo Realists Artist

• Manansala – The Beggars (1952), Tuba Drinkers (1954),
• Legaspi – Gadgets II (1949), Bad Girls (1947)
• HR Ocampo – The Contrast (1940), Genesis (1968)
• Ramon Estella
• Victor Oyteza
• Romeo Tabuena
Abstractionist Artists
• Constancio Abenardo
• Lee Aguinaldo
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Telephone No.: (046) 887-0125
• Jose Joya
• Fernando Zobel
• Arturo Luz – Street Musicians (1952)
• Nina Saguil - Cargadores (1951)
Modern Architectural structures:

• Church of Holy Sacrifice (1955)
• Church of the Risen Lord
• Chapel of Saint Joseph the worker
VI. CONTEMPORARY ART

What is contemporary art? Is it similar to Modern art? What are the general characteristics of
contemporary art? Contemporary art is much different from Modern art as it said earlier modern
art is referred “traditional” compared to contemporary art. How would that be? An example is the
work of Fernando Amorsolo, he painted his painting “Harvest Scene in 1942. At that time, the
painting was considered contemporary. Today, we refer to that work as an example of Modern art
produced during Japanese era. But some of the artists continue to produce work ‘til today and in
that sense their works can be describe as contemporary by virtue of being of the present.
What contemporary really is? Contemporary art is an art of today produced by artists living of
today. It is a fluid term, and its use can change depending on the context. Philippine Contemporary
Art was an offshoot of social realism brought about by Martial Law. Arts became expression of
people’s aspiration for a just, free and sovereign society.
Artists use mixed media. Their artworks are site specific, process - based and they integrate
various art forms.
a) Contemporary art has the following characteristics;
b) collaborative / participative
c) interactive.
d) Process - oriented (meaning that there is less emphasis on the finished product and a
single author or creator. There is a wide range of strategies, media and techniques).
e) Site specific (they cannot be experienced in the same way if we remove from their original
place.
Contemporary art is distinguishable from Modern art in historical, stylistic, and cultural terms.
Important Happenings during the rise of Contemporary Art

• Many cultural projects ensued amid the backdrop of poverty and volatile social conditions under
the leadership Of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda
• Marcos in 1965
• Martial Law was Declared on September 21, 1972
• New Society or Bagong Lipunan was built by Marcos in which the main focus is to rebirth the lost
civilization and aspiration to modernization and development in which the main vision is to
combine the fine arts, architecture, architecture, interior design, tourism, convention city
building, engineering, urban planning, health and among many others through an art and culture
program.
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Telephone No.: (046) 887-0125

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Republic of the Philippines

1st Semester – SY 2024 – 2025

Various Contemporary Art Form

Today, we will discuss various art forms of contemporary arts.

(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

Philippine Art History

a) Pangalay dance (Sulu) is mimetic of the movements of the sea birds.

(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

e) Tinikling dance evocative of the movements of the crane, balancing itself

Famous artworks during pre – colonial

II. ISLAMIC ERA (13TH Century to the Present)

Happenings During Islamic Era

(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

III. SPANISH ERA (1521 – 1898)

Important Happenings related to art during Spanish era

(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

paintings must be visual interpretation of biblical texts center to Catholic

Famous Artists and their artworks during Spanish era:

Miniature painters Engraver:

(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

Famous Artist during American Era

IV. JAPANESE ERA (1941 – 1945)

(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

Famous artist and their artworks during Japanese era

V. MODERN ERA (Neo Realism, Abstraction Modern styles)

Modern famous artists and their artworks

Neo Realists Artist

(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

Modern Architectural structures:

VI. CONTEMPORARY ART

Important Happenings during the rise of Contemporary Art

(Formerly Dasmariñas National High School)

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