AENG 419

AERODROME ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP) – The aerodrome reference point shall be
established for an aerodrome. It shall be located near the initial or planned geometric
center of the aerodrome and shall normally remain where first established. Its position
shall be measured and reported to AIS-CAAP in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
Example: ARP Coordinates of RPLL – 14°30’36.0”N, 121°00’49.0”E

Aerodrome Elevation – Must be at the highest point of the landing area, above mean
sea level. Aerodrome elevation must be reported in feet, based on the Philippines
mean sea level datum to an accuracy of one foot.
Example: Elevation of RPLL – 75 ft
Runway, Taxiways, and Apron
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Nature of Runway Surface – The runway surface type must be notified as either:
a) bitumen seal;
b) asphalt;

c) concrete;
d) gravel;
e) grass; or

f) natural surface.

Runway Bearing and Designation – The bearing of runways must be determined in

degrees magnetic. Runways are normally designated in relation to their magnetic
direction, rounded off to the nearest 10 degrees and stated in two figure combinations,
e.g. RWY 06, RWY 24. To avoid potential identification confusion, the combination
13/31 shall not be used without prior CAAP approval.
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Runway Length – The aerodrome operator must provide the physical length of
runways in whole numbers of meters and feet, with feet bracketed.
Runway Width – Determine the physical width of each runway and provide the
information in whole numbers of meters.
Runway Strip, RESA, Stopway – Length and width to the nearest meter or foot,
surface type; and arresting system – location (which runway end) and description.
Runway Strip Width – For non-instrument runways, provide the full width of graded
strip. For an instrument runway, provide the full width of runway strip which must
include the graded portion and the flyover portion (if any), in whole numbers of meters.
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Runway Slope – Determine the slope of runways, by taking the difference between the
maximum and minimum elevation along the centerline and dividing the result by the
runway length. Slope must be expressed as a percentage, to the nearest one tenth of
a percent, indicating the direction of descent. Where there are significant multiple slope
changes along the runway, slopes over individual segments must be provided over the
length of the runway.
Taxiway Designation, Width and Surface Type – A single letter must be used without
numbers to designate each main taxiway. Alpha-numeric designators may be used for
short feeder taxiways.
Location and designation of standard taxi-routes.
Apron – surface type and strength of apron and ramps.
Declared Distances
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Declared Distances
• Declared distances are the available operational distances notified to a pilot for take-
off, landing or safely aborting a take-off. These distances are used to determine
whether the runway is adequate for the proposed landing or take-off or to determine
the maximum payload permissible for a landing or take-off.
• The following distances in meters with feet equivalent shown in brackets, must be
determined for each runway direction.
i. take-off run available (TORA);
ii. take-off distance available (TODA);
iii. accelerate stop distance available (ASDA); and
iv. landing distance available (LDA).
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Declared Distances
Takeoff Run Available (TORA) – defined as the length of runway available for the
ground run of an aeroplane taking off. This is normally the full length of the runway;
neither the stopway (SWY) nor clearway (CWY) are involved.
TORA = Length of RWY
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Declared Distances
Takeoff Distance Available (TODA) – is defined as the distance available to an
aeroplane for completion of its ground run, lift-off and initial climb to 35 ft. This will
normally be the full length of the runway plus the length of any CWY. Where there is no
designated CWY, the part of the runway strip between the end of the runway and the
runway strip end is included as part of the TODA.
TODA = TORA + CWY
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Declared Distances
Takeoff Distance Available (TODA)
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Clearway – rectangular area beyond the runway.
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Declared Distances
Accelerate Stop Distance Available (ASDA) – is defined as the length of the take-off
run available plus the length of any SWY. Any CWY is not involved.
ASDA = TORA + SWY
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Stopway – may be provided at the end of a runway on which an aeroplane may be
stopped in the case of an aborted take-off.
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Declared Distances
Landing Distance Available (LDA) – is defined as the length of runway available for
the ground run of a landing aeroplane. The LDA commences at the runway threshold.
Neither SWY nor CWY are involved.
LDA = Length of RWY (if THR is not displaced)
Standards for determining Aerodrome Information
Declared Distances (Summary)