THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

THE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
SECONDARY SCHOOL

FORM FOUR EXAMINATION

033 BIOLOGY

Time: 3 Hours 2024

Instructions
1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of fifteen (11) questions.
2. Answer all questions in sections A, B, and two (2) questions from section C.
4. All writing should be in blue ink, except for diagrams, which must be drawn in pencil.
5. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
7. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer sheets.

SECTION A (16 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section
1. Choose the most correct answer among the given alternatives and write down the answer in
the space given.
(i) Which of the following division of plants is the gametophyte generation dominant?
A. Coniferophyte B. Bryophytes C. Pterdohytes
D. Angiospermophyte E. Filicinophyta

(ii) During exhalation the diaphragm muscles

A. Contract and the diaphragm remains where it is
B. Contract and the diaphragm moves downward
C. Contract and the diaphragm moves back upward
D. Relax and the diaphragm moves downward
E. Relax and the diaphragm moves back upward

(iii)When you bend your elbow, which is correct about your muscles?
A. The biceps contract while the triceps relax
B. The triceps contract while the biceps relax
C. Both the biceps and triceps relax
D. Both the biceps and triceps contract
E. The ulna relax while the tibia contract

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 (iv) The Seypalm village health center admitted several children patients who were suffering
from schistosomiasis. What can be done to prevent the spreading of the disease?
A. Abstaining from sex
B. Wearing masks that cover the mouth and nose
C. Killing pond-water snail
D. Eating warm foods
E. Washing hands after using toilets

(v) On 6th April 2024, a couple came to see you for an advice on family planning; they are
trying to avoid pregnancy by using the calendar method. The wife’s cycle has an average
of 28 days cycle, if she started seeing her period on 4th April 2024, which days among the
following she will be more likely to conceive if she met her husband?
A. 10th April 2024
B. 18th April 2024
C. 6th April 2024
D. 2nd may 2024
E. 5th May 2024

(vi) Genetic disorder caused by presence of an extra chromosome number 21, resulting into
individuals having a total of 47 chromosomes.
A. Turner’s syndrome
B. Polyploidy
C. Sickle cell anaemia
D. Down’s syndrome
E. Klinefeleter syndrome

(vii) Which of the following would occur after staying without eating at all for about twelve
hours, such as when fasting?
A. Insulin is released in the bloodstream
B. Glucagon is released in the bloodstream
C. Adrenaline is released in the bloodstream
D. Thyroxin is released in the bloodstream
E. Testosterone is released in the bloodstream

(viii) The main difference between plants and animals is based on …

A. Movement
B. Reproduction
C. Nutrition
D. Excretion
E. Death

(ix) What does the relationship between spiders and plans where spiders building their webs on
plants represent?
A. Parasitism
B. Mutualism
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 C. Interspecific competition
D. Commensalism
E. Intraspecific competition

(x) Which of the following will not pass through the renal capillary membrane and Bowman’s
capsule’s membrane to enter the nephron of a healthy kidney?
A. Proteins and blood cells
B. Mineral and water
C. Amino acid and urea
D. Glucose and minerals
E. Plasma and water

2. Match items in list A with the correct phrase in list B.

LIST A LIST B
(i) A disorder that results from self-edification or fear. A. Stroke
The person imagines that there are unknown people B. Haemophilia
who want to kill him or her. C. Psychosis
(ii) It is due to scar or damage of brain. It leads to D. Epilepsy
periodical loss of consciousness accompanied by fits E. Heartburn
or convulsions. F. Schizophrenia
(iii) Is a viral disease, the patient becomes paralyzed in G. Cerebral malaria.
the affected region. H. Poliomyelitis
(iv) Is a sudden serious illness in the brain that can cause I. Indigestion
loss of the power to move or to speak clearly. This J. Covid 19
may be due to damage or blockage or bursting of the K. Appendicitis
brain artery.
(v) Is a mental illness in which person is unable to link
his or her thoughts to the real life. One suffers from
delusion and life or imagination.
(vi) Is a protozoan disease caused by various types of
plasmodium; when these parasites reach central
nervous system will cause severe inflammation of
meninges covering the brain.

SECTION B (54 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.
3. (a) Parents brought two children to a health centre, one was diagnosed with marasmus and
the other was diagnosed with kwashiorkor. State the cause of each of the disorders as
distinct from each other and give three symptoms of kwashiorkor that distinguishes it from
marasmus.
(b) The child with kwashiorkor was also bowlegged; the doctor said it was also due to
malnutrition. State three nutrients that must be missing in the child’s diet and give the
function of each.

4. Human activities such as extraction of raw materials and the production and consumption of
goods and services always produce waste. Therefore, production of waste is unavoidable.

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 Furthermore, in order for the produced waste to be well managed and disposed of, the basic
principles of waste management must be used. Explain the principles.

5. (a) Give three differences between response you exhibited when you removed your fingers
from fire you accidently touched, and the response you exhibited by salivating after your
friend graphically described your favourite delicious dish.
(b) While walking barefooted in grass, your friend realized the ground was full of painful
thorns to the extent he had to stop and asked you to throw him your shoes so that he can
put them on before moving any farther. All of a sudden, a leopard appears and in a few
seconds, you and your friend find yourselves in a sheltered hut with your friend having
forgotten all about the painful thorns. Briefly explain your friend’s response to the
situation in terms of the nervous system and glands.

6. (a) Distinguish between translocation and transpiration.

(b)The Mammalian heart is enclosed by a double layer of membrane called pericardium.
Explain the following:-
(i) What makes this membrane prevent the heart from over-expanding when it is beating
very fast?
(ii) Why the inner part of the heart is lined with blood vessels? Explain by giving three
points.

7. (a) Draw a labelled diagram of a typical flower, similar to one of the hibiscus plant.
(b). Distinguish between:
(i) Monoecious plant and dioecious plant
(ii) Unisexual flower and bisexual flower

8. (a) Briefly explain how growth is brought about.

(b) Why is growth and development important? Give four reasons.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two questions from this section
9. Drug abuse is one of the biggest social problems in the society. Assuming you are a social
welfare staff, address the public about this social problem under the following guidelines:
- Meaning of drug abuse and addiction
- Reasons for doing drugs
- Effects of drug abuse
- Control measures of drug abuse.

10. Mutations come in two main types known as chromosomal mutation and gene mutation.
Write a scholarly article to educate the public about gene mutation.

11. HIV/AIDS is still one of the scariest diseases in Tanzania. Write a scholarly article about the
disease to educate the public on the nature of the disease, the cause of the disease, the way

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the disease is transmitted, the symptoms and effects of the disease, and the preventive
measures and control of the disease.

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 THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
THE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
SECONDARY SCHOOL

FORM FOUR EXAMINATION

033/BIOLOGY 1
MARKING SCHEME 2024

SECTION A (16 Marks)

1.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
B E A C B D B C D A

2. 01@ = 10 marks
LIST A (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
LIST B C D H A F G

01@ = 06 marks
SECTION B (60 Marks)
3. (a)
Marasmus is a protein-energy deficiency condition in children while kwashiorkor is caused
by deficiency of protein only. (01½ marks)
Symptoms unique to kwashiorkor include protruding (swelling) abdomen, extremely thin
arms, reddish and weak hair, and diarrhea and dry skin which cracks easily.(03 marks)
(b)
- Vitamin D: absorption of Calcium…
- Calcium: for strong bones and teeth
- Phosphorus: for strong bones and teeth (04½ marks)

4. The basic principles of waste management are reduction, re-use and recycling.
Reduction
Reduction involves uses of alternatives in order to prevent or reduce waste generation; for
example, using a basket for shopping instead of using disposable plastic bags.
Re-use
Re-use involves the use of waste (used material) for other useful activities; for example,
using a margarine container for storing sugar instead of throwing it away.
Recycling (03@ = 09 marks)
Recycling involves the conversion of waste in other useful materials. Recycling include the
sending back of plastic bottles to the factory for manufacturing of new plastic bottles,
sending back of broken glass to the factory for manufacturing of new glass, refurbishment
of broken down computers, and using organic waste to produce bio gas.

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 03 marks
5. (a) This represent a simple reflex and conditional reflex actions
- Simple reflex action is a rapid automatic involuntary response, while Conditional reflex
action is relatively slower
- Simple reflex action (instinctive Reflex action) is an involuntary response to a an
original natural stimulus, while Conditional reflex action can be elicited by an
originally neutral stimulus substituted for the one which naturally initiates the response
- Simple reflex action does not involve the brain directly while Conditional reflex action
involves brain directly
- Simple reflex action cannot be prevented or modified while Conditional reflex action
is learned and can be modified
Any three 01½ @ = 04 ½ marks
(b) Through optic nerve, the brain detect the danger, the area of the brain called
hypothalamus send signals through spinal marks
cord to adrenal glands to release adrenaline.
Adrenaline causes heart, muscles, air ways to react more effectively forcefully (it causes
heart beat faster and supply more blood to muscles. Air ways to bring in air/oxygen
faster…) until when the brain (through eyes, nose) perceive you to be out of danger and
signal the release of noradreline. During this ‘fight or flight reaction moment, less
significant stimulus, such as prickling of thorn, are shut off (you can’t feel the prickle) to
allow for the body to focus on a more serious life saving activity.
04 ½ marks

6. (a)Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves in the form of water vapour
whereas translocation is the transportation of synthesized products (sugars) in a plant.
02 marks
(b)
i. comprises dense connective tissue that protects the heart, anchors it to the
surrounding walls, and prevents it from overfilling 03 marks
ii. The myocardium of the heart wall is a working muscle that needs a continuous
supply of oxygen and nutrients to function efficiently. For this reason, cardiac
muscle has an extensive network of blood vessels (1) to bring oxygen to the
(06 marks)
contracting cells, (2) to bring nutrient and (03) to remove waste products.

7.
(a)
.

(Diagram 1½ marks
Labelling: 7 x 0½ = 3 ½ marks )

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 (b)
(i) Monoecious plant: This contains a male and female flower in the same plant. Example
Maize plant. While Dioecious plant contains only either male or female flowers, but not
both in the same plant; example the papaya (pawpaw) plant. (02 marks)
(ii) Unisexual flower is a flower in which contains only either male or female part. Examples:
flowers of papaya and maize plants while Bisexual flower is a flower, which has both male and
female parts. Example, hibiscus flower. (02 marks)

8. (a)Growth is brought about by cell division, cell enlargement and cell differentiation
(b)Importance of growth in living things 03 marks
i. Complexity: During growth and development the cells divide and enlarge giving
rise to a more complex and elaborate multicellular organism.
ii. Specialization: Growth give rise to various cells specialized in various specific
functions. Examples; Red blood cells that carry oxygen and white blood cells fight
pathogens.
iii. Adaptation: Specialization brings about effectiveness and organisms are therefore
able to adapt different environments.
iv. Perpetuation of the species: During growth sexual organs in mammals develop;
with fully developed sex organs, an organism is capable of reproduction and hence
perpetuation of the species. 01½@ = 06 marks

SECTION C (30 Marks)

9. Drug abuse and addiction
Drug abuse is the indiscriminate and excessive use of psychoactive drugs for non-medical
reasons with no regard to their side effects. Drug addiction is the state of dependence caused
by regular use of psychoactive drugs (or, compulsive desire to use drugs despite their
harmful effect). 02 marks)

Reasons for Taking Drugs:

- Medical reasons- cure of diseases.
- Desire to satisfy curiosity about the effects of drugs.
- Pressure from peer group (sense of belongingness to certain group)
- Desire to have new experience.
- To escape from reality of life, i.e. hunger, poverty, family quarrels.
- To draw attention and resist the feeling of neglect.
- To be accepted by the members of peer group. (Any four, 01 @ =04 marks)
- For recreational and excitements purpose.
- To do away from unpleasant feelings and memories.
.

Effects of Drug Abuse:

Health and socio economic Hazards:
- Cigarette smoking can lead to lung cancer and heart diseases.
- Alcohol can cause brain damage.
- Some drugs cause ulcers and rotten teeth.
- Many drugs damage the brain and other organs.
- Many drugs lead to addiction.
- Some drugs may lead to kidney damage.
- Pregnant women can affect their unborn baby.
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 - Drug addicts fail to concentrate at work (poor outcome).
- Drugs weaken our bodies- poor development of the society.
- Addicts indulge in irresponsible behaviour which can lead to unwanted pregnancies,
STD’s and HIV/AIDS.
- Student addicts mostly drop out of school or absent themselves.
- May lead to traffic offences and accidents.
- Economic burden to others as the addicts do not work. (Any four, 01 @ =04 marks)
- Drug addiction can lead to marriage breakdown.
- Drug addiction lead to more crime.

Measures to Control Drug Abuse

- Avoid taking any drug without doctor’s prescription.
- Keep off from peer pressure and addicted people.
- Be principled and say no to anyone who offers the drug to you.
- Use your leisure time properly (for sports and hobbies).
- Inform community leader or police of any use or trafficking of drugs.
- Form counselling club to educate people on how to keep off from drugs (education on
proper use of drugs)
- Addicts should seek help from health officials. (Any four, 01 @ =04 marks)

Conclusion: Addicted people; cannot live properly without drug unless they get proper help
from educated people in the clinics or institutions. They need proper counselling, mental
Total: 15 marks
and physical treatment/ (or any other relevant 01 mark)

10. Mutations are changes in the genetic material in the gametes. It includes appearance of new
characters that has never been before in that population. Individuals who have undergone
mutation are called mutants. (02 marks)
Mutation can be caused by agents known as Mutagens, which include:
X-rays
Cosmic rays (1½ marks)
Heavy metal (lead & mercury)

There are two main types of mutations, namely chromosomal and gene mutations. Gene
mutation occurs as a result of altering the structure of genes; there is a change in the
sequence of nucleotides in the segments of DNA corresponding to one gene. This in turn
alters the sequence of amino acids required in synthesis of a particular protein.
(02½ marks)
The types of gene mutation include/gene mutation can occur through:

- Substitution:This is the replacement of one or more portions of a gene (nucleotide) with

a new one. Example; A thymine (T) on ATA on the DNA molecule is replaced by
cytocise (C) and result to ACA on the DNA. This is exemplified in sickle cell anaemia
where only one nucleotide is changed.
- Insertion:This involves adding a new portion of a gene to an existing one. Example: If
the base Guanine (G) is inserted between two Adenine, results into AGA which may
not code for any amino acid.
- Deletion: Deletion is the removal of a portion of a gene Example; if the base Guanine
(G) is deleted in a base triplet CGC, this results into alteration of base sequence
reducing the number of amino acids.
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 and
- Inversion:In inversion a portion of DNA strand cuts and rotates through 180°. The
inversion results in alteration of the base sequence at this part. Example: -A base triplet
CTA can have its base thymine (T) and Adenine (A) cut and rotated. The result is CAT
which is different from amino acid. (02@ = 08 marks)

Conclusion: Protein formed from mutations are different from the normal ones and
produce profound effects on both the structure and development of an organism…
(01 marks)
Total: 15 marks
11. HIV/AIDS: HIV is Human Immune deficiency virus and AIDS is Acquired Immune
deficiency syndrome. (01 mark)
Cause: AIDS is caused by Human Immune deficiency virus (HIV). HIV is mainly found in
body fluids such as semen, blood and vaginal secretions. Low amount have also been found
in sweat, saliva and tears. (01mark)

Transmission
- Through sharing sex partners.
-- Sharing sharp objects such as razor blade and hypodermic needles.
- Unscreened blood for blood transfusion.
- At giving birth from mother to baby (Any four 01@ =04 marks)
- through breast feeding
Signs and symptoms:
Symptoms of HIV include:
- A cancer of the skin and blood vessels called Kaposis sarcoma
- Pneumonia caused by Pneumocytis carinii protozoa.
-Loss of weight. (Any four 01@ =04 marks)
-Fever and diarrhoea for more than one month.
-Severe cough for more than one month.
-Skin infections.
-Abnormal inflammation of lymph nodes.
-Abnormal mental condition signs.
Effects of HIV/AIDS
-Infections e.g. TB, Skin cancer, pneumonia and diarrhea.

Prevention and control:

-By not having sexual intercourse (abstinence).
-By using condom.
-By not sharing sex partners. The above preventive measures can be summarized as the
ABC rule, where A stands for Abstaining from sex, B for Being faithful to one partner,
and C for condom use during sex.
--Do not share sharp objects. (Any four 01@ =04 marks)
-Screening blood for blood transfusion.
-Taking regular HIV tests; this can help by enabling the taking of ARVs (HIV treatment
drug) at the early stages of infection and therefore preventing or reducing its adverse
effect.
-Pregnant women with HIV/AIDS should go to clinic.
-Through health and sex education. (01 mark)
Conclusion: Total: 15 marks