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Traffic density
Traffic density is the number of vehicles occupying a given length of the highway in a traffic lane.
It is expressed as vehicle/mile or vehicle/kilometer.
Traffic density is defined as the number of vehicles occupying a unit length of a lane of a roadway at a
given instant of time. This is usually expressed in vehicles per kilometre.
https://loudouncoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/22-Highway-Capacity.pdf
The highway or traffic density is defined as the total number of vehicles that can be accommodated on a
unit length of the road. https://ganeshgpks.blogspot.com/2017/10/traffic-capacity.html
traffic volume
Traffic volume is the number of vehicles passing a given point on a roadway during a specified time
period. This is usually expressed as vehicles per hour.
Traffic capacity
The traffic capacity or highway capacity may be defined as the total number of vehicles that can pass a
given point on the highway in a unit period of time.
Basic Capacity:
Basic capacity is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or a roadway
during one hour, under the ideal roadway and traffic conditions that can possibly be attained.
Possible Capacity:
Possible capacity is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway
during one hour, under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.
Practical Capacity:
Practical capacity is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point in a lane or roadway
during one hour, when traffic density is not so great as to cause unreasonable delay, hazard or restriction
to the driver’s freedom to manoeuvre under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions. This is usually
considered to be the ‘design capacity’.
https://www.engineeringenotes.com/transportation-engineering/traffic-engineering/highway-
capacitydefinition-importance-factors-and-formula/48457
Spot speed is the instantaneous speed of a vehicle at a specified location. It is needed to design
horizontal and vertical curves, location and size of signs, design of signals, and accident analysis. Spot
speed is measured using endoscopy, pressure contact tubes, and doppler radar.
Time headway
Time headway (htht) = difference between the time when the front of a vehicle arrives at a point on the
highway and the time the front of the next vehicle arrives at the same point (in seconds)
Average Time Headway (h¯th¯t) = Average Travel Time per Unit Distance * Average Space Headway
h¯t=t¯∗h¯s(5.2.4)
Space headway
Space headway (hshs) = difference in position between the front of a vehicle and the front of the next
vehicle (in meters)
Average Space Headway (h¯sh¯s)= Space Mean Speed * Average Time Headway
h¯s=v¯s∗h¯t(5.2.5)(5.2.5)h¯s=v¯s∗h¯t
Note that density and space headway are related:
https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Civil_Engineering/Fundamentals_of_Transportation/
05%3A_Traffic/5.02%3A_Traffic_Flow
Passing sight distance (PSD) is the distance that drivers must be able to see along the road ahead to
safely and efficiently initiate and complete passing maneuvers of slower vehicles on two-lane, two-way
highways using the lane normally reserved for opposing traffic [1] [2] [3]. PSD is a consideration along
two-lane roads on which drivers may need to assess whether to initiate, continue, and complete or abort
passing maneuvers.
therefore, passing sight distance (PSD) is considered an important factor in both the design of two-lane,
two-way (TLTW) highways and the marking of passing zones (PZ) and no-passing zones (NPZ) on two-
lane, two-way highways.
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=99028#:~:text=Passing%20sight%20distance
%20(PSD)%20is,%5B2%5D%20%5B3%5D.
“Highway—a general term for denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including the entire
area within the right-of-way.” “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices,” Federal Highway
Administration (2009): 56, https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/2009r1r2/mutcd2009r1r2edition.pdf
Read more at the ANSI Blog: Highway, Freeway, Parkway – Know the Difference https://blog.ansi.org/?
p=168619
https://blog.ansi.org/highway-freeway-parkway-know-difference/
Freeway—a divided highway with full control of access.” “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices,”
Federal Highway Administration (2009): 56,
https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/2009r1r2/mutcd2009r1r2edition.pdf
p=168619
hile not defined in the MUTCD, a parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare. The term parkway was coined
for Brooklyn’s Eastern Parkway to describe a road designed for pleasure riding, not commercial activity.
In 1923, the Bronx River Parkway, which featured a landscaped roadside, modernized version this idea
for the automobile age. Parkways, as highways surrounded by nature that forbid commercial vehicles,
became common throughout the 1930s. This decade saw the construction of numerous parkways thanks
to New Deal public works programs.
p=168619

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Traffic density

It is expressed as vehicle/mile or vehicle/kilometer.

Note that density and space headway are related:

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