Design of Pressure Components
Design of Pressure Components
Design of Pressure Components
GATOT SANTOSO, MT
Piping codes require that the minimum
thickness tm, including the allowance for
mechanical strength, shall not be less than
the thickness calculated using eq. 2.1.
2.1
tm = minimum required wall thickness, inches
t = pressure design thickness, inches
P = Internal pressure, psig
D₀ = outside diameter of pipe, inches
S = allowable stress at design temperature, psi (Table A3)
A = Allowable additional thickness to provide for material
removed in theading, corrosion, or erosion allowance;
manufacturing tolerance (MT) should also be considered
Y = coefficient that takes material properties and design
temperature into account. For t<d/6, value of Y are given
in table 2.1. for temperature below 900⁰F = 0.4
d = inside diameter
Eq = quality factor that is the product of
casting quality factor Ec, joint quality factor
Ej, and structural grade quality factor Es
Value Ec range from 0.85 to 1.0 (tabel 2.2a)
Valuaes Ej ranges from 0.6 to 1.0 (tabel 2.2b)
Values of Es may be assumed as 0.92
Eq = Ec Ej Es
Calculate the minimum permissible wall
thickness for a 10 in. nominal diameter pipe
under 350 psi and 650⁰F. Material is ASTM A106
Grade B carbon steel, corrosion allowance is 0.05
in. and mill tolerance (MT) is 12½%
Mill Tolerance pada dasarnya adalah sebuah ‘toleransi’ yang
diberikan kepada manufature sebagai pengakuan atas
ketidaksempurnaan sebuah produk, baik dari raw material,
prosess rolling, maupun prosess manusia/sang operator,
prosess testing setelah selesai produksi, dan lain-lain
P = 350 psig
D₀ = 10.75 in.
Eq = 1.0 for seamless pipe
S = Sh = hot allowable stress (tensile) for A106
Grade B = 17,000 psi
Y = 0.4 (because the temperature is less than
900⁰F)
Equation above are valid for t<Do/6 (thin pipe)
The pipe with t> D/6 (thick-walled pipe) requires
special consideration taking design and material
factors into account such as theory of failure,
fatigue and thermal stress
The allowable working pressure of a pipe can
be determined by
Pm = 58 psig
Pm = 67.86 psig
The maximum allowable pressure for miter is
the smaller of the values calculated
b = subscript referring to branch
d1 = effective length removed from pipe at
branch
d2 = half width of reinforcement zone
d2 = d1 or (Tb – c) + (Th – c) +d1/2,
h = subscript reffering to run or header
L4 = height of reinfocement zone outside of
run pipe
L4 = 2.5(Th – c) or 2.5(Tb – c) + Tr
Tr = minimum thickness of reinforcemcing
ring or saddle made from pipe
t = pressure design thickness of pipe
Β = smaller angle between axes of branch and
run
Area A1 required for branch connections
under internal pressure shall be:
For branch,
L4 = 2.5(Th – c) or 2.5(Tb – c) + Tr
L4 = 2.5 x 0.219 or 2.5 x 0.207 + 0.25
L4 minimum = 0.55 in.
Required area = t min x d1 = 0.1418 x 4.2646
= 0.6047 in²
Compensation area available from header,
A2 = (2d2 – d1)(excess thickness)
A2 = 4.2646 x 0.0472 = 0.2012 in²
Compensation area available from branch,
A3 = (2L4)(excess thickness)
A3 = 1.1 x 0.1177 = 0.1294 in²
Total compensation available without
reinforcing pad = 0.3306 in²
Cross-section area of pad required = (0.6047 –
0.3306)/2 = 0.1370 in²