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    03 KCL KVL

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    onezoro0909

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    03 KCL KVL

    Uploaded by

    onezoro0909
    8 views3 pages

    Original Title

    03_KCL_KVL

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views3 pages

    03 KCL KVL

    Uploaded by

    onezoro0909

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Nodes Branches and Loops

    ▪ A branch represents a single element such as a voltage source or a resistor

    ▪ A node is the point of connection between two or more branches

    ▪ A loop is any closed path in a circuit i.e., a loop is a closed path formed by starting at a node,
    passing through a set of nodes, and returning to the starting node without passing through any
    node more than once.

    ▪ A network with b branches, n nodes, and l independent loops will satisfy the fundamental
    theorem of network topology:

    b=l+n-1

    In Fig:
    Branches?
    Nodes?
    Independent loops?

    1
    Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

    ▪ Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a
    closed boundary) is zero.
    N

    i
    n =1
    n =0

    ▪ The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.

    ▪ By this law, currents entering a node may be regarded as positive, while currents leaving the
    node may be taken as negative or vice versa.

    i2 i1+(-i2)+(-i3)+i4+(-i5)=0
    i1 i3
    i1+i4= i2+i3+ i5
    i4
    i5

    2
    Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

    ▪ Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path(or
    loop) is zero.
    M

    v
    m =1
    m =0

    ▪ In any closed loop, sum of voltage drops is equal to the sum of voltage rises.

    ▪ The sign on each voltage depends on the polarity of


    the terminal encountered first. The loop may be
    considered either clockwise or counterclockwise.
    Suppose, we start with the voltage source v1 and go
    clockwise around the loop; then voltages would be
    −v1, +v2, +v3, −v4, and +v5, in that order. For example,
    as we reach branch 3, the positive terminal is met
    first; hence we have +v3. For branch 4, we reach the
    negative terminal first; hence, −v4.

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