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    Chapter 1 DC KCL KVL (Part 2)

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    Farhana baharim
    This document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are foundational to circuit analysis. It explains Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) as the rule that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node is zero. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) is introduced as stating that the algebraic sum of voltages around any closed loop is zero. Examples are provided of applying both KCL and KVL to analyze circuits. The steps of circuit analysis using these laws and Ohm's law are also outlined.

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    Chapter 1 DC KCL KVL (Part 2)

    Uploaded by

    Farhana baharim
    36 views17 pages
    This document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are foundational to circuit analysis. It explains Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) as the rule that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node is zero. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) is introduced as stating that the algebraic sum of voltages around any closed loop is zero. Examples are provided of applying both KCL and KVL to analyze circuits. The steps of circuit analysis using these laws and Ohm's law are also outlined.

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    Chapter 1 Dc Kcl Kvl (Part 2)

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    This document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are foundational to circuit analysis. It explains Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) as the rule that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node is zero. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) is introduced as stating that the algebraic sum of voltages around any closed loop is zero. Examples are provided of applying both KCL and KVL to analyze circuits. The steps of circuit analysis using these laws and Ohm's law are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    36 views17 pages

    Chapter 1 DC KCL KVL (Part 2)

    Uploaded by

    Farhana baharim
    This document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are foundational to circuit analysis. It explains Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) as the rule that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node is zero. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) is introduced as stating that the algebraic sum of voltages around any closed loop is zero. Examples are provided of applying both KCL and KVL to analyze circuits. The steps of circuit analysis using these laws and Ohm's law are also outlined.

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    You are on page 1of 17

    DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

    CIRCUITS
     KCL, KVL
     Mesh
    WHAT WE WILL LEARN?
    1. KIRCHOFF’S
    CURRENT LAW (KCL)

    2. KIRCHOFF’S
    VOLTAGE LAW (KVL)
    KIRCHOFF’S LAWS

    • KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW (KCL)


    • KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW (KVL)
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW

    • The foundation of circuit analysis is:


    – The defining equations for circuit elements (e.g. ohm’s law)

    – Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL)


    – Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL)

    • The defining equations tell how the voltage and current within
    a circuit element are related.

    • Kirchhoff’s laws tell us how the voltages and currents in


    different branches are related.
    KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW (KCL)

    Current in, i1 + i2 = current out, i4 + i3


    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    • Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) – that the algebraic sum of currents


    entering a node (or a closed boundary) is zero.

    N N = number of
    i
    n 1
    n 0 branches
    connected
    to a node.

    • One can assume that currents entering a node as positive while


    leaving the node as negative or vice versa.
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    • The sum of currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents
    leaving a node.

    • Common sense:
    – All of the electrons have to go somewhere.
    – The current that goes in, has to come out some place.
    – Analogy fluid in piping

    • Example 1:
    Applying KCL:

    thus, i = ???
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    • Example 2:
    • Consider the following figure where all the current
    source can be combined , application:
    KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW (KVL)

    • Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) – the algebraic sum of all


    voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero.

    1. Start at any branch and go around the loop either


    clockwise or anticlockwise.

    2. Check which terminal the loop (the red arrow)


    encounter first,
    a) If positive terminal then +v.
    b) If negative terminal then –v.
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    • Thus, KVL yields


    v1  v 2  v 3  v 4  v 5  0
    rearranging terms gives

    v 2  v 3  v 5  v1  v 4

    • When voltage sources are connected in series,


    KVL can be applied to obtained the total voltage.

    • The combined voltage is the algebraic sum of


    the voltages of the individual sources.
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    • Example 1:
    • Consider the following figure where all the Voltage
    source can be combined:
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    • Example 2:
    • Get the KVL equation for
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    • Example 3:
    • Get the KVL equation for
    STEPS FOR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    • Most of circuit analysis will be based on these three laws.


    Ohm’s Law :
    KCL:
    KVL :

    • These laws alone are sufficient to analyze many circuits.

    • Convention notes:
    – If current enter at positive terminal
    • v = +(iR)
    • p = +(vi)

    – If current enter at negative terminal


    • v = -(iR)
    • p = -(vi)
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    Steps for circuit analysis:


    1. Determine the current’s direction that enter and leaving each node.
    2. Assign the +ve and –ve sign for each elements.(Current flow (+) to (-) in
    branch)
    3. Obtain the voltage across each elements by applying Ohm’s law. If the
    current flow through:
    • Positive terminal/sign, thus v = +iR
    • Negative terminal/sign, thus v = -iR
    4. Apply the KVL:
    • Choose the direction of loops either clockwise or counterclockwise.
    Each loops must not overlapping.
    • Obtain the KVL equation based on the chosen loop (clockwise or
    counterclockwise). If the loop enter:
    – Positive terminal/sign, +v
    – Negative terminal/sign, -v
    KIRCHOFF’S LAW contd.

    5. For KCL, obtain the equation by assuming if a


    current:
    • Enter a node, +i
    • Leaving a node, -i

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