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    ECElecture 2

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    rupesh3655
    The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two fundamental laws used to analyze electric circuits: Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law. It defines key terms like nodes, branches and loops. Examples are provided to illustrate applying both laws to calculate voltages and currents in circuits.

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    ECElecture 2

    Uploaded by

    rupesh3655
    7 views28 pages
    The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two fundamental laws used to analyze electric circuits: Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law. It defines key terms like nodes, branches and loops. Examples are provided to illustrate applying both laws to calculate voltages and currents in circuits.

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    ECElecture2

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    The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two fundamental laws used to analyze electric circuits: Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law. It defines key terms like nodes, branches and loops. Examples are provided to illustrate applying both laws to calculate voltages and currents in circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views28 pages

    ECElecture 2

    Uploaded by

    rupesh3655
    The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two fundamental laws used to analyze electric circuits: Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law. It defines key terms like nodes, branches and loops. Examples are provided to illustrate applying both laws to calculate voltages and currents in circuits.

    Copyright:

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    UNIT 1:

    Fundamental of DC and AC Circuits


    Lecture 3
    Prepared by Dr. Krishan Kumar, Professor, SEEE
    Unit I: Fundamental of DC and AC Circuits
    Kirchhoff’s laws, voltage division rule,
    current division rule
    KEYWORDS
    KVL
    KCL
    Node
    Loop
    Kirchhoff’s Law
    • Ohm’s law by itself is not sufficient to analyze circuits.
    • However, when it is coupled with Kirchhoff’s two laws, we have a sufficient,
    powerful set of tools for analyzing a large variety of electric circuits.
    • These laws are:
    1. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
    2. Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
    Kirchhoff’s Laws
    • First introduced in 1847 by the German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff
    • Kirchhoff's laws are used to understand how current and voltage work within a
    circuit.
    • Kirchhoff's laws also be used to analyze complex circuits that can't be reduced
    to one equivalent resistance using what you already know about series and
    parallel resistors.
    Nodes, Branches, and Loops
    • A branch represents a single element such as a
    voltage source or a resistor.
    • A node is the point of connection between two or
    more branches.
    • A loop is any closed path in a circuit

    NOTE:
    • Two or more elements are in series if they
    exclusively share a single node and consequently
    carry the same current.
    • Two or more elements are in parallel if they are
    connected to the same two nodes and
    consequently have the same voltage across them.
    Nodes, Branches, and Loops
    • BRANCH: A branch represents a single element such as a voltage
    source or a resistor.
    • NODE: A node is the point of connection between two or more
    branches.
    • LOOP: A loop is any closed path in a circuit.
    A network with b branches, n nodes, and l independent loops will
    satisfy the fundamental theorem of network topology:
    Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
    Sign Convention for KCL:
    Entering Current: Taken as +ve
    Leaving Current: Taken as -ve

    The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.
    Example for KCL
    Example
    Solution
    QUICK QUIZ (Poll 1)
    Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
    • Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around
    a closed path (or loop) is zero.
    • mathematically, KVL states that
    Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
    Sign Convention of KVL for R, L and C
    Let us Recall!
    Example-2 for KVL

    Equivalent Circuit
    Sum of voltage rises=Sum of voltage drops
    Summary KVL and KCL
    External video shared

    Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDoyIghUI44&t=204s
    Voltage Division Rule
    • The important relations are:
    Example for Voltage Division Rule
    Current Division Rule
    • The important relations are:
    QUICK QUIZ (Poll 3)
    Applications of Kirchhoff’s Laws
    • They can be used to analyze any electrical circuit.
    • Computation of current and voltage of complex circuits.
    Limitations of Kirchhoff’s Laws
    • The limitation of Kirchhoff’s both laws is that it works under the
    assumption that there is no fluctuating magnetic field in the closed
    loop and the current flows only through conductors and wires.
    QUICK QUIZ (Poll 4)
    How many branches, nodes and
    independent loops are present in the given
    circuit?
    A. b=3, n=5, l=6
    B. b=5, n=3, l=6
    C. b=5, n=3, l=3
    D. b=3, n=5, l=3
    Question/Answer
    THANKS

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