ACS IBA QUANTITATVE

Fractions

In Mathematics, fractions (ভগ্নাংশ) are defined as the parts of a whole. Fractions consist of
two numbers separated by a line called fraction bar. The number above the line is called
numerator (লব), and the number below the line is called denominator (হর). Depending
upon the way a fraction is used, these numbers may have several different meanings.

What are fractions?

Definition 1: A fraction represents a numerical value, which defines the parts of a whole.

Definition 2: A fraction is a number that represents a part of a whole.

Generally, the fraction can be a portion of any quantity out of the whole thing, and the whole
can be any specific thing or value.

The basics of fractions explain the top and bottom numbers of a fraction. The top number
represents the number of selected or shaded parts of a whole, whereas the bottom number
represents the total number of parts.

x
Suppose a number has to be divided into five parts; then, it is represented as 5. So, the
x 1 th 1
fraction here, 5, defines of the number x. Hence, is the fraction here. It means one in
5 5
1
five equal parts. It can be read as one-fifth or 5 . This is known as a fraction.

1 1 1 1
5 5
4 4
1 1
1 1 5 1 5
4 4
5

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Parts of Fractions
The fractions include two parts: (1) numerator and (2) denominator.

Numerator: It is the upper part of the fraction that represents the sections of the fraction.

Denominator: It is the lower or bottom part that represents the total parts in which the fraction
is divided.

2
For example, in the fraction, 5 , 2 is the numerator, and 5 is the denominator.

Ways of using a fraction

I. The most common way to use a fraction is to represent a part of a whole. For example, in the
1
above diagram, is used to represent 1 of the 4 equal parts into which the whole circle is divided.
4

10
II. Another way of using a fraction is to indicate division of one number by another. For example,
3
is used to indicate the quotient 10 is divided by 3.

III. A third way to use fractions is to express a ratio, or comparison, between two quantities in the
4
bottom diagram; the fraction is used to express the ratio of colored squares to uncolored
5
squares.

Interpretations of a fraction

This is a summary of the previous discussion,

i. A part of a whole - part/whole

ii. Division of one number by another - dividend/divisor
𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐴
iii. A ratio of two quantities - 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐵

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Types of fractions
Based on the properties of the numerator and denominator, fractions are subdivided into
different types. They are,

● Proper fractions (প্রকৃত ভগ্নাংশ)

● Improper fractions (অপ্রকৃত ভগ্নাংশ)

● Mixed fractions (মিশ্র ভগ্নাংশ)

● Equivalent or like fractions (সিতু ল ভগ্নাংশ)

Proper Fractions

The proper fractions are those where the numerator is less than the denominator.
4
For example, 5 will be a proper fraction since “numerator (4) < denominator (5)”.

Improper Fractions

The improper fraction is a fraction where the numerator happens to be greater than the
denominator.
5
For example, 4 will be an improper fraction since “numerator (5) > denominator (4)”.

Mixed Fractions

A mixed fraction is a combination of the integer part and a proper fraction. These are also
called mixed numbers or mixed numerals. For example:
5 1 10 1
can be written as 1(4), or can be written as 3(3). These are mixed fractions.
4 3

1 1 (3×3)+1 10
Here 3(3) means 3 + 3 = =3
3

Equivalent Fractions / Like Fractions

Equivalent or like fractions are those fractions, as the name suggests, that are alike or the
same. Two fractions are equivalent to each other if, after simplification, either of the two
fractions is equal to the other one.

1 9
For example, take and ; they are alike since if you simplify it mathematically, you will get
3 3
1 2 1 25
the same fraction. Similarly, 2 and 4, 5 and , etc.
5

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Addition of fractions

Adding Fractions with the Same Denominators

The addition of fractions is easy when they have a common denominator.

2 8 2+8 10
Example: 3 + 3 = = .
3 3

Hence, we need to just add the numerators here.

Adding Fractions with Different Denominators

If the denominators of the two fractions are different, we have to simplify them by finding the
LCM of denominators and then making it common for both fractions.

2 3
Example: +
3 4

The two denominators are 3 and 4

Hence, LCM of 3 and 4 = 12

2 4 3 3
Therefore, multiplying by and by , we get;
3 4 4 3
8 9
+
12 12
8+9
=
12

17
=
12

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Subtraction of fractions

Subtracting with Same Denominators

The rule for subtracting two or more fractions is the same as for addition. The denominators
should be common when subtracting two fractions.

9 7 9−7 2
Example: – = = =1
2 2 2 2

Subtracting with Different Denominators

If the denominators of the two fractions are different, we have to simplify them by finding the
LCM of denominators and then making it common for both fractions.

2 3
Example: –
3 4

The two denominators are 3 and 4

Hence, LCM of 3 and 4 = 12
2 4 3 3
Therefore, multiplying 3 by 4 and 4 by 3, we get;

8 9
–
12 12
8−9
=
12
1
=−
12

Multiplication of Fractions
When two fractions are multiplied, then the top part (numerators) and the bottom part (denominators)
a c
are multiplied together. If a/b and c/d are two different fractions, then the multiplication of and will
b d
be:
a c axc ac
( )x( )= =( )
b d bxd bd

2 3
Example: Multiply and .
3 7

2 3 2x3 2
( )x( )= =
3 7 3x7 7

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Division of Fractions
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐
If 𝑏 and 𝑑 are two different fractions, then the division by 𝑑 can be expressed as:
𝑏

a
b a d ad
d = (b)x( c ) = bc
c

2 3
Example: Divide by .
3 7

2 7 2 7 2x7 14
÷ ( ) = ( ) x ( ) = 3x3 =
3 3 3 3 9

Practice & Past Paper Questions

𝟏 𝟓 𝟒
1. If 𝐱 +𝐲 = 𝟑 and x=3y, then y=? [IBA BBA 07-08]

A. 2 B. 3 C. 3.33 D. 4 E. None of these

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
2. If 𝐲 = 3+𝟐 , then 𝐲+𝟐 ? [IBA BBA 00-01]

7 2 7 7 16
A. B. C. D. E.
16 7 9 8 7

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
3. Of the animals in Dhaka Zoo, 𝟑 are Zebras, 𝟔 are Giraffes, 𝟓 are Tigers, and the rest is
comprised of 36 Deer. How many Zebras are there in the Zoo? [IBA BBA 00-01]
A. 12 B. 20 C. 36 D. 40 E. 120
𝟐 𝟕 𝟒
4. + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 +𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = ? [IBA BBA 08-09]
𝟏𝟎𝟎

A. 0.0278 B. 0.02078 C. 0.00278 D. 0.020078 E. none of these

𝟏
5. There are 18 bananas on a tree. If one monkey eats 𝟑 of the bananas and another
𝟏
monkey eats 𝟑 of the rest. How many bananas are still on the tree? [IBA BBA 95-96]
A. 16 B. 10 C. 8 D. 6 E. 4
6. A man’s weekly salary is Tk. P, and he saves Tk. M, what fraction of his weekly salary
does he spend? [IBA BBA 93-94]
𝑀 𝑃 −𝑀 𝑀−𝑃 𝑀−𝑃 𝑃 −𝑀
A. 𝑃 B. 𝑃 C. 𝑃 D. 𝑀 E. 𝑀

𝐱 𝟐𝐱
7. What must be added to 𝐲 to make ? [IBA BBA 95-96]
𝐲

2𝑥 2 xy−𝑦 2 2y2 −x2 x

A. B. C. D. y E.none of these
y x xy

𝒂+𝒃+𝒄 𝒂+𝒃
8. If = , then what is the value of c? [IBA BBA 96-97]
𝟒 𝟑
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
A. B. C. D. 12 E.none of these
3 4 8

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𝒂
9. If + b = 1, what is the value of x? [IBA BBA 96-97]
𝒙
1−𝑎 𝑎
A.(1 - a) B.(b - 1) C. D.1 − 𝑏 E.none of these
𝑏
𝟑
10. By how much is 𝟕 larger than 20% of 2? [IBA MBA 03-04]
1 1 4 3.3 3.4
A.35 B.7 C.7 D. 7 E. 7
𝟕
11. A cylindrical jar that can hold 1.5 liters of water is 𝟏𝟎th full. Approximately how much water,
𝟕
in liters, should be poured out of the jar so that it becomes 𝟏𝟎 th empty? [IBA BBA 94-95]

A. 1 B. 0.9 C. 0.75 D. 0.6 E. 0.5

𝟏 𝟑
12. A gas tank is 𝟓th full and requires 32 gallons more to make it 𝟕th full. What is the capacity
of the tank? [IBA BBA 94-95]

A. 115 B. 120 C. 135 D. 140 E. 145

𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
13. If x = 𝟒, then + 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 = ? [IBA BBA 94-95]
𝟗

1 2 2
A. 3 B. 2 C. 2(3) D. 3(3) E. 2(3)
𝟏
14. If x = 3 and y = 𝟔, then the value of x in terms of y is- [IBA BBA 96-97]

1 62 31
A. 2y B. 2y C. y D. y E. 18y
3 6

𝒚 𝟐𝒚
15. What is 10% of 𝟑, if is 10% of 600? [IBA BBA 99-00]
𝟑

A. 1 B. 2 С. 3 D. 4 E. none of these
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
16. = = . Then x + y + z = ? [IBA BBA 05-06]
𝒃−𝒄 𝒄−𝒂 𝒂−𝒃

a+b+c
A. 0 B. a+b+c C. D. 1 E. none of these
abc

𝟏 𝟑
17. You took of the chocolates from a box and your brother took of the remaining
𝟑 𝟓
chocolates. If 20 chocolates were left in the box, how many chocolates did the box
contain originally? [IBA BBA 94-95]

A. 25 B. 45 C. 50 D. 75 E. 80
𝟏 𝟏
18. You want to make some candy using a recipe that calls for 1(𝟐) cups of sugar, 𝟐 cup of
boiling water, and several other ingredients. You find that you have only 1 cup of
sugar. How many cups of water will you have to use? [IBA BBA 96-97]
1 3 1 1
A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 6 E. 4

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𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
19. (𝟒) + (𝟒) + 𝟑 × 𝟒 × 𝟒 (𝟒 + 𝟒) = ? [IBA MBA 08-09]

27 49
A. 7 B. 64 C. 64 D. 1 E. None of these
𝒂 𝒙 𝒙 𝒃
20. If 𝒙 + 𝒂 = 𝒃 + 𝒙, then x=? [IBA BBA 01-02]

𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑏
A. ±√𝑎𝑏 B. ±√𝑏 C. ±√ 2 D. ±√𝑎 E. none of these

Answers of past paper questions

1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A
11.D 12.D 13.C 14.E 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.A 19.D 20.A

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Solution to Practice & Past Paper Questions

1 5 4
1. +𝑦 =3
𝑥

1 5 4
⇒ 3𝑦 + 𝑦 = 3 ; [𝑥 = 3𝑦]

1 + 15 4
⇒ =
3𝑦 3
16 4
⇒ 3𝑦 = 3

So, y = 4

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

1 7
2. =2
𝑦

2
⇒ 𝑦=
7
16
⇒ 𝑦+2 =
7
1 7
⇒ 𝑦+2 = 16

So, option (A) is the correct answer.

3. Let, denote the total number of animals in Dhaka Zoo as x.

Zebras: ⅓ x x

Giraffes: ⅙ x x

Tigers: ⅕ x x

Deer: 36 (the rest of the animals)

The fractions of Zebras, Giraffes, and Tigers add up to:

1 1 1
x(3 + 6 + 5) + 36 = x

Solving for x, we get x = 120

1
So, the number of zebras = 3 x 120 = 40

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

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2 7 4
4. + +
100 10000 50000

the LCM of 100, 10000, and 50000 is 50000

1000 + 35 + 4
=> 50000

1039
=> 50000

If we divide 1039 by 5, we get the result 207.8

there are four zeros in 50000. So, final answer .02078

So, option (B) is the correct answer.

1
5. The first monkey eats = 3 of 18 bananas = 6 bananas

Remaining bananas = 18 - 6 = 12
1
Second monkey eat = x of 12 bananas = 4
3

Remaining bananas = 12 - 4 = 8
So, option (C) is the correct answer.

6. Given,
Salary = P
Savings = M
We know, spending = salary - savings
So, spending = P - M
𝑃−𝑀
Fraction = 𝑃

So, option (B) is the correct answer.

7. Let’s understand the question by a simple example.

What must be added to A to make B?

The answer would be = B - A
Suppose, What must be added to 3 to make 5?
We need to add = 5 - 3 = 2. If we add 2 with 3, we will get 5.
2𝑦 𝑥
Now, the answer of the question would be= ( 𝑥 ) - (𝑦)
2𝑦 2 −𝑥 2
= [The LCM of x and y is xy]
𝑥𝑦

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

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𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
8. =
4 3

Or, 3a + 3b + 3c = 4a + 4b

Or, 3c = a + b
𝑎+𝑏
Or, c = 3

So, option (A) is the correct answer.

𝑎
9. +b=1
𝑥
𝑎
Or, 𝑥 = 1 - b
𝑎
Or, x = 1 + 𝑏

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

10. First, we need to determine 20% of 2.

2 2
20% of 2= 2 x 100 = 5
3 2 14 1
Now, - = (15 − )=
7 5 35 35

So, option (A) is the correct answer.

7 105
11. Present water level = 1.5 x (10) = =1.05 litres
10

7 3 3
empty = 10𝑡ℎ full, means there has to be 10 x 1.5 = 0.45 litres of water
10𝑡ℎ

So, to find out how much water we need to pour out, we subtract the amount of water we
want to remain (0.45 liters) from the amount of water currently in the jar. Water to be poured
out = 1.05 - 0.45 = 0.6 litres
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
1
12. Let, the capacity of the tank is x. It is 5 𝑡ℎ full and requires 32 gallons more to make it 3/7th
full.
𝑥 3𝑥
That means, 5 + 32 = 7
3𝑥 𝑥
=> - 5 = 32 gallons
7
15𝑥−7𝑥
=> = 32
35
8𝑥
=> 35= 32
X = 140 gallons
So, option (D) is the correct answer.

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16𝑥2 2 10
13. + +
9 9 16𝑥 2

3 2
16( ) 2 10 3 2
4
= + + ( )
9 9 16 4

16 9 2 10 9
= x + + x
9 16 9 16 16

2 10
=1+ +
9 9

9 + 2 + 10 21
= =
9 9

7
=
3

1
= 2( )
3

There is another interesting way to do the math.

First, we determine the value of x2 , then replace the value in the equation and find the
answer. Try it yourself.

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

1
14. Given, X = 3, and Y=6
1
Now, we have to find the relation between 3 and 6
1
3= (6) x 18
X=18Y
So, option (E) is the correct answer.

𝑦 10 𝑦 𝑦
15. 10% of 3 means 100 x 3 = 30

2𝑦
= 10% of 600
3

2𝑦
Or, = 60
3

𝑦
Or, 3 = 30

𝑦
Or, =3
30

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

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16. It’s a cyclic order related problem

Let,
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= = =k
𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
So, x = k (b-c); y = k (c - a); z = k(a - b)
Summing them together, x + y + z = k (b - c + c - a + a - b) = 0
So, option (A) is the correct answer.

17. Let,
Total chocolates x
𝑥
You took 3
𝑥 2𝑥
Remaining (x - 3 ) = 3
2 2𝑥 2𝑥
Your brother took 5x =
3 5
𝑥 2𝑥
Total chocolates taken = 3 + 5
𝑥 2𝑥
Chocolates remaining = x - (3 + )
5

According to the question,

𝑥 2𝑥
x - (3 + ) = 20
5

Or, x = 75
So, option (D) is the correct answer.

18. Sugar : water = 1(½) : ½

Or, sugar : water = 3:1
So, if you use 1 cup of sugar, you will have to use ⅓ cup of water
So, option (A) is the correct answer.

19. (¼)3 + (¾)3 + 3x(¼)x(¾)(¼+¾) = ?

We know,
a3 + b3 +3ab(a+b) = (a + b)3
So, applying the formula, we can write
(¼ + ¾)3
Or, 13
Or, 1
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
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𝑎 𝑥 𝑥 𝑏
20. If + = +
𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥
𝑎 𝑏 𝑥 𝑥
Or, - = =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑏 𝑎
𝑎−𝑏 𝑥(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Or, =
𝑥 𝑎𝑏

Or, ab (a - b) = x2(a - b)

Or, x2 = ab

Or, x = ± √𝑎𝑏

So, option (A) is the correct answer.

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Comparisons of Fractions

Comparing Fractions

i. If two fractions have the same numerator, the one with the smaller denominator is greater.
5 5
Example:7 > 11

ii. If two fractions have the same denominator, the one with the larger numerator is greater.
5 3
Example: 7 > 7

iii. When a positive fraction less than 1 is squared, the result is smaller than the original number.
1 1 1 1
Example:, (2) × 2 =4 ; 4 < 2.

iv. When a positive fraction less than 1 is rooted, the result is larger than the original number.
1 1 1 1
Example: √49 =7; 49 <7

v. To compare which fraction is larger, you can follow what is known as the cross method. The
cross method of comparing fractions involves comparing two fractions by cross-multiplying
their numerators and denominators. Here's how it works mathematically,

Cross-Multiplication:

For two fractions a/b and c/d, you compare them by cross-multiplying:

• Multiply the numerator of the first fraction by the denominator of the second fraction: a.d
• Multiply the numerator of the second fraction by the denominator of the first fraction: c.b

Comparison:

a c
● If a.d > c.b, then b > d
a c
● If a.d < c.b, then b < d
a c
● If a.d = c.b, then b = d

For a question where you need to compare 5 fractions: Use the cross-multiplication
method to compare each pair of fractions.\

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Example:

Which of the following fractions is the largest?

5 9 7 8 2
A. B. C. D. E.
6 11 9 13 5
Solution:
5 9
Option A and Option B: Comparing between 6 and 11
(5 × 11) = 55
(9 × 6) = 54
as, 55 > 54
5 9
∴ is greater than
6 11
5 7
Option A and Option C: Comparing between 6 and 9
(5 × 9) = 45
(7 × 6) = 42
As, 45 > 42
5 9
∴ is greater than
6 11
5 8
Option A and Option D: Comparing between 6 and ,
13
(5 × 13) = 65
(8 × 6) = 48
As, 65 > 48
5 9
∴ is greater than
6 11
5 2
Option A and Option E: Comparing between 6 and ,
5
(5 × 5) = 25
(2 × 6) = 12
As, 25 > 12
5 9
∴ is greater than
6 11
𝟓
So,the largest number = 𝟔
So, option (A) is the correct answer.

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Practice & Past Paper Questions

𝑿𝒁 𝑿𝒁
1. If the value of X and Y in are both tripled, how does the value of change?
𝒀 𝒀
[IBA MBA 09-10]
A. increases by half B. decreases by half

C. triples D. remains the same E. None of these

2. Which of the following is the largest? [IBA BBA 03-04]

12 11 5 9
A. B. C. D. E. none of these
15 14 7 11

𝟐
3. Which of the following is greater than ? [IBA BBA 06-07]
𝟑
13 16 7 5
A. B. C. D. E. None of these
21 25 11 7

𝟐
4. Which one of the following is greater than ? [IBA BBA 07-08]
𝟑
33 8 3 16
A. B. C. D. E. None of these
50 11 5 27

5. Which of the following fractions is the largest? [IBA MBA 98-99]

12 5 17 11 16
A. B. C. D. E.
15 6 21 14 23

6. Which of the following is greater than 1? [IBA MBA 03-04]

0.00004 0.000006 0.01 0.003 0.001
A. B. C. D. E.
0.005 0.0001 0.003 0.006 0.01

7. Which of the following is true? [IBA MBA 03-04]

1 1
A. 0 < < 0.01 B. 0.12 < < 0.13
10 8

1 1
C. 0.3 < < 0.5 D. 0.3 < <0.33 E. None of these
4 3

8. Which of the following fractions is the smallest? [IBA BBA 02-03]

23 24 28 2 29
A. B. C. D. E.
45 46 57 3 58

9. Which of the following fractions has the greatest value? [IBA MBA 08-09]
1 2 7 45 75
A. B. C. D. E.
32 ×52 32 ×52 33 ×52 33 ×53 34 ×54

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10. Which of the following fractions is the smallest? [IBA BBA 98-99]
2 5 5 1 3
A. B. C. D. E.
9 12 8 2 10

11. Which of the following numbers is the least? [IBA BBA 93-94]

A. 0.09200 B. 0.180000 C. 0.1049 D. 0.111 E. 0.19

12. Which of the following is the largest?

[IBA BBA 94-95]
1 2 3 4
A. √0.3 B. C. D. E.
3 5 7 11

13. Which of the following fractions is the smallest?

[IBA MBA 02-03]
33 45 53 83 15
A. B. C. D. E.
128 138 216 324 59

Answers of practice & past paper questions

1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.E
11.C 12.D 13.C 14.E 15.D 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.D

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Solutions to Practice & Past Paper Questions

1. Let,
x=2
y=3
z=4
𝑥𝑧 2×4 8
so, means or 3
𝑦 3

{(2×3)×4} 24 8
now, if both x and y are tripled then the new fraction will be= = =3
3×3 9

so, the fraction doesn’t change from the original fraction at all.
So, option (E) is the correct answer.
2. For these types of questions, take two fractions and multiply the numerator of one fraction
with the denominator of the other fraction. The bigger number will suggest that the fraction
from which the numerator in the bigger number was taken is actually the larger fraction.
In other words, follow the cross method. Try this yourself
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
𝟐 2 13
3. And Option A : Comparing between 3 and
𝟑 21
(2 × 21) = 42
(13 × 3) = 39
As, 42 > 39
2 13
∴ is greater than
3 21
𝟐 2 16
And Option B : Comparing between 3 and
𝟑 25
(2 × 25) = 50
(16 × 3) = 48
As, 50 > 48
2 16
∴ is greater than
3 25
𝟐 2 7
And Option C : Compairing between and
𝟑 3 11
(2 × 11) = 22
(7 × 3) = 21
as, 22 > 21
2 7
∴ is greater than
3 11

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𝟐 2 5
𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐎𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐀 ∶ Compairing between and
𝟑 3 7
(2 × 7) = 14
(5 × 3) = 15
As, 14 > 15
5 2
∴ is greater than 3
7
𝟓
So,the largest number = 𝟕
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
𝟐 𝟑𝟑
4. Comparing between 𝐚𝐧𝐝 :(2 × 50) = 100
𝟑 𝟓𝟎
(33 × 3) = 99
As, 100 > 99
2 33
∴ is greater than
3 50
𝟐 𝟖
Comparing between 𝟑 𝐚𝐧𝐝 : (2 × 11) = 22
𝟏𝟏

(8 × 3) = 24
As, 24 > 22
8 2
∴ is greatere than
11 3
8
So, the greater number = 11
So, option (B) is the correct answer.
𝟏𝟐 𝟓
5. Comparing between 𝟏𝟓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟔: (12 × 6) = 72
(15 × 5) = 75
As, 75 > 72
5 12
∴ is greater than
6 15
𝟓 𝟏𝟕
Comparing between 𝟔 𝐚𝐧𝐝 : (5 × 21) = 105
𝟐𝟏
(6 × 17) = 102
As, 105 > 102
5 17
∴ is greatere than
6 21
𝟓 𝟏𝟏
𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 : (5 × 14) =70
𝟔 𝟏𝟒
(6 × 11) = 66
As, 70 > 66
5 11
∴ is greater than
6 14

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𝟓 𝟏𝟔
𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 : (5 × 23) = 115
𝟔 𝟐𝟑
(6 × 16) = 96
As, 115 > 96
5 16
∴ is greater than 23
6
5
So, the largest number = 6
So, option (B) is the correct answer.
6. Denominator must be smaller than the numerator for the number to be greater than 1. If the
denominator is smaller than the numerator, then the fraction represents a value greater than
1 because you're essentially dividing a larger number by a smaller one, which results in a
value greater than 1.

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

1 1
7. A) 0<10 is correct but 10< 0.01 is not possible

1
C) 0.3 is not smaller than 4 i.e. 0.25

1 1
D) 0.3 < 3 is correct but < 0.33 is not correct
3

1
B) 0.12 < 8 (0.125) <0.13; It is correct

So, option (B) is the correct answer.

8. Follow the cross method. Try this yourself

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

1
9. A= 32×52 = 0.0044
2
B= 32 ×52 = A×2
7 7
C= 33×52 =A× 3
45 45
D=33×53 =A× 15= A×3
75 75 1
E=34 ×54 = A× 225=A× 3

As, option D is the biggest number

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

10. Follow the cross method. Try this yourself

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So, option (A) is the correct answer.

11. The options can be written as

A. 0.0920 B. 0.1800 C. 0.1049 D. 0.1110 E. 0.1900

four of the options started with 0.1 except for option a, which started with 0.09

So, least is 0.092

So, option (A) is the correct answer.

12. The options are

1 2 3 4
A. √0.3 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7 E. 11
𝟏 𝟐
Comparing between 𝟑 and 𝟓: (5 × 1)

= 5(3 × 2) = 6
2 1
Between these two, 6>5, so 5 is larger than 3
𝟐 𝟑
Comparing Between 𝟓 and 𝟕: (7 × 2) = 14

(5 × 3) = 15
3 2
As 15>14, 7 is larger than 5
𝟑 𝟒
Comparing Between 𝟕 and 𝟏𝟏: (11 × 3) = 33

(7 × 4) = 28
3 4
As 33>28, 7 is larger than 11
𝟑
Finally, between 𝟕 and √𝟎. 𝟑

Let’s square both the numbers for easier calculation

3 2 9
(7) = 49 = 0.1…. (we don't need after 0.1)
2
(√0.3) = 0.3

So, we can tell that 0.3 is the larger of the two

So, √0.3 is the largest of the 5
So, option (A) is the correct answer.

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13. An alternative way to determine which fraction is the smallest is to reverse all the fractions
and find the largest one. The same can be done in the opposite case as well.
Now, the options are-
33 45 53 83 15
A. 128 B. 138 C. 216 D. 324 E. 59

Reversing the options,

128
A. = 3. ……
33

138
B. = 2. …..
45

216
C. = 4. ……
53

324
D. = 3. …..
83

59
E. 15 = 3. ….
216 53
Here, the largest answer is 4. …. Or 53 . So, 216 is the smallest one.
So, option (C) is the correct answer.

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Decimal Properties

Decimal
In Algebra, decimals are one of the types of numbers, which has a whole number and the
fractional part separated by a decimal point. The dot present between the whole number and
fractions part is called the decimal point. For example, 53.9 is a decimal number.
Here, 53 is a whole number part, and 9 is the fractional part.
“.” is the decimal point.
Types of Decimal Numbers
Decimal Numbers may be of different kinds, namely:
Recurring Decimal Numbers: Repeating or Non-Terminating Decimals.
Example-
3.125125 (Finite)
3.121212121212….. (Infinite)
Non-Recurring Decimal Numbers: Non Repeating or Terminating Decimals
Example:
3.2376 (Finite)
3.137654….(Infinite)

Place Value of Decimal Fractions

The place value system is used to define the position of a digit in a number which helps to
determine its value. When we write specific numbers, the position of each digit is important.

We know that for the whole number, the place value of digits starts from ones, tens, hundreds,
thousands, ten-thousands, and so on, moving from right to left. In the case of decimal
fractions, since we are considering here the decimal point, thus the place value of digits is
taken into account from left to right in the order of:

Tenths
Hundredths
Thousandths
Ten-thousandths

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For example,
the place value of 5 in 0.25 is hundredths. Follow the below table to learn the place value of
digits in a number.

Hundreds Tens Ones Decimal Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Ten thousandths

Point (.)

Arithmetic Operation on Decimals

Like integers, arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
operations can be performed on decimal numbers. Now, let us discuss important tips while
performing arithmetic operations.

Addition
While adding decimal numbers, line up the decimal points of the given numbers and add the
numbers. If a decimal point is not visible (i.e., whole numbers), the decimal is behind the
number.
Align the points and do normal addition or subtraction. Keep in mind that adding a zero after
a decimal number doesn't change the value.
3 5
Suppose we need to add and . Then, we can simplify and write in decimal fraction form.
8 4
3
= 0.375
8
5
= 1.25
4
Now, adding the two values, we have:
0.375 + 1.250 (an additional 0 is added to for easier understanding) = 1.625
Thus, we can see, it is easy to add the fractions after writing them in decimal form.

Subtraction
Similar to the addition of decimal numbers, line up the decimal point of the given numbers,
and subtract the values. To perform the arithmetic operation, use place holding zeros for our
reference.
The method of subtraction of decimal fractions is the same as addition. Let us understand by
an example.

Subtract 0.375 and 1.25.

0.375 – 1.250 = -0.875 (By subtracting the digits at the thousandth place)

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Multiplication
Multiply the given numbers like integers, as if the decimal point is not present. Find the
product and count up how many numbers are present after the decimal point in both numbers.
The count represents how many numbers are required after the decimal point in the product
value.
For example, multiply 0.375 × 1.25
Now,
375 × 125 = 46875
There are a total of (3 + 2) 5 digits after the decimal in both the numbers. So the final result
of the multiplication will be 0.46875.

Division
To simply divide the decimal numbers, move the decimal point in the numbers such that the
number becomes the whole number. Now, perform the division operation like the integer
division.

Example, divide 1.25 by 0.375. Our goal is to make the divisor a full number. To do that, we
have to multiply the divisor with 1000. So, we also have to multiply the dividend by 1000 as
1250
well. So, the new expression will be . Now, we can easily do the calculations. The result
375
will be 3.33333.

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Fractions to Decimals & Vice Versa

The conversion of decimal to fraction or fraction to decimal values can be performed easily.
Now, we will discuss both the conversion methods below:

Fraction to Decimal Conversion

To convert the fraction to a decimal, simply divide the numerator by the denominator.
𝟕
For example, is a fraction. If it’s divided, we get 3.5.
𝟐
𝟖
Another example, Convert in decimal form.
𝟏𝟎
Solution:
To convert fraction to decimal, divide 8 by 10, we get the decimal form.
8
Thus, = 0.8
10
8
Hence, the decimal form of is 0.8
10

Decimal to Fraction Conversion

We know the numbers after the decimal point represent the tenths, hundredths, thousandths,
and so on. Thus, while converting decimals to fractions, write down the decimal numbers in
the expanded form and simplify the values.
For example, 0.75 is a decimal form.
1 75 3
The expanded form of 0.75 is 75 x ( ) = =
100 100 4
Here are some more examples,

Example 1:Convert 0.8 in fraction form.

8
Solution: 0.8 can be written as 8 divided by 10, or
10
4
Dividing both the numerator and denominator by 2, we get
5
4
Thus, 0.8 in fraction form is equal to
5

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Example 2: Express 1.25 in fraction form.

Solution: The given decimal number is 1.25
10
The expanded form of 1.25 is = 125 x ( )
100
125
=
100
5
=
4
5
Hence, the equivalent fraction for 1.25 is .
4

Practice & Past Paper Questions

𝟏
1. If x = (0.08)2, y = , and z = (1- 0.08)2 - 1, which of the following is true?
(𝟎.𝟎𝟖)𝟐
[IBA BBA 05-06]
A. x=y=z B. y<z<x
C. z<x<y D. y<x and x = z y E. None of these

2. Rate of call is Tk. 4.5 per minute for all outgoing and Tk. 2.5 for all incoming from and
to my mobile telephone. Find the charge if I made 13 calls (7 calls for 3 minutes and 6
calls for 2 minutes) and received 12 calls (5 calls for 5 minutes and 7 calls for 4
minutes)? [IBA MBA 97-98]
A. 396 B. 322 C. 281 D. 224 E. 175

3. 0.004 × 0.12 × 0.012 × 10 = ? [IBA MBA 07-08]

A. .000048 B. .0048 C. .048 D. .0000048 E. None of these

Answers of practice & past paper questions

1. C 2. C 3. A

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Solution to Practice & Past Paper Questions

1. On seeing z, we know we can write it as

a2 - b2 = (a+b) (a-b)

(1 - 0.08 + 1 ) (1 - 0.08 -1 )

The second bracket gives us a negative value as a final answer.

Just by looking at x and y, we know these are positive. So only C holds good.

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

2. We do not have to care about inequality between x and y.

Total Charge for outgoing calls =

(7 × 3 + 6×2)×4.5 = 148.5

Total charge for incoming calls=

(5×5 + 7×4)×2.5 = 132.5

Therefore, total charge = 281

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

3. Let’s rewrite the expression =

0.004 × 0.12 × 0.012 ×10

Or, 0.004 × 0.12 × 0.01 × 0.01 × 10

Or, 0.004 × 0.12 × 0.01 × 0.1

First, we multiply the expression without the decimals=4 × 12 × 1 × 1 = 48

Total digits after the decimals = 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 8

Now, the final answer is = 0.00000048

So, option (A) is the correct answer.

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Words Problems

In this type of problem, you are presented a problem as a situation or in words. You canget
yourself acquainted with these sorts of problems by following the questions below.

Past Paper Questions

1. A cake is divided into three pieces so that the first piece is four times as big as the
second and the second piece is three times as big as the third. What fraction of the
entire cake is the smallest piece? [IBA BBA 01-02]
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D. E.None of these
8 12 13 16

2. Rakib, Raja, and Rajib paid a total of 369 taka for their dinner at a restaurant. If Rakib
𝟐
paid of the total amount, Raja paid 82 taka, and Rajib paid the rest, what fraction of
𝟑
the total amount did Rajib pay? [IBA BBA 09-10]
1 1 39 82 .2
A. B. C. D. E
9 3 82 369 11

3. If value of a certain fraction is equal to 0.4 and the denominator is 15, then the
numerator of the fraction is, [IBA MBA 03-04]

A. 6 B. 8 C. 9 D. 12 E. None of these

4. In one classroom, exactly two third of the seats are occupied. In another classroom
with double the seating capacity of the first, exactly three-quarters of the seats are
occupied. If the students from both rooms are transferred into a third empty classroom
that has a seating capacity exactly equal to the first two combined, what fraction of the
seats in the third classroom is occupied? [IBA BBA 04-05]

3 2 6 13 12
A. 4 B. C. D. E.
3 11 18 17

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𝟑
5. Sabina needs to make a cake and some cookies. The cake requires cup of sugar and
𝟖
𝟑 𝟏𝟓
the cookies require cup of sugar. Sabina has cup of sugar. Does she have enough
𝟓 𝟏𝟔
sugar, or how much more does she need? [IBA BBA 09-10]
1
A. She has enough sugar B. She needs of a cup of sugar
8

3 4
C. She needs of a cup of sugar D. She needs of a cup of sugar
80 19

E. none of these

6. A store has five shelves, and the average weekly sale is Tk. 30,000. Shelf 1 accounted
𝟏 𝟐
for of the store's average weekly sales, and stores 2 and 3 each accounted for as
𝟒 𝟑
much as shelf 1. If shelf 4 alone accounted for as much as shelf 1 then, which of the
following could have been the average weekly sales of shelf 5 for the store?
[IBA MBA 04-05]

A. 4000 B. 4500 C. 5000 D. 6000 E. None of these

7. Mr. Adittya, a renowned engineer, designed a ball so that when it was dropped, it rose
with each bounce exactly one-half as high as it had fallen. The engineer dropped the
ball from a 24-foot platform and caught it after it had traveled 23.25 yards. How many
times did the ball bounce? [IBA BBA 10-11]

A. 7 B. 11 C. 6 D. 5 E. none of these
𝟐
8. In a nationwide poll, p people were asked 2 questions. If 𝟓 of them answered "yes" to
𝟏
question 1, and of those, rd also answered "yes" to question 2, which of the following
𝟑
represents the number of people polled who did not answer "yes" to both questions?
[IBA BBA 10-11]
11 3 13 2
A. B. C. D. E. none of these
13 13 15 15

𝟐
9. A certain football team that has played of its games has a record of 17 wins and 3
𝟑
losses. What is the greatest number of the remaining games that the team can lose
𝟑
and still win at least of all of its games? [IBA MBA 05-06]
𝟒

A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4 E. 3
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𝟏
10. In 2004, approximately of the 37.3 million airline passengers traveling to or from
𝟑
Bangladesh used Dhaka Airport. If the number of such passengers that used
𝟏
Chittagong Airport was the number that used Dhaka Airport and 4 times the number
𝟐
that used Jessore Airport, approximately how many millions of these passengers used
Jessore Airport that year? [IBA MBA 05-06]

A. 18.6 B. 9.3 C. 6.2 D. 3.1 E. 1.6

11. Equal amounts of water were poured into two empty jars of different capabilities, which
𝟏 𝟏
made one jar full and the other jar full. If the water in the jar with a lesser capacity
𝟒 𝟑
𝟏
is then poured into the jar with the greater capacity, what fraction of the larger jar
𝟑
will be filled with water? [IBA MBA 07-08]
1 3 1 7
A. B. C. D. E. none of these
7 4 2 12

12. One-fourth of a number is equal to two-fifths of another number. If 50 is added to the

larger number, it becomes two times the second number. What is the smaller number?

[IBA BBA 14-15]

A. 75 B. 80 C. 100 D. 125 E. none of these

𝟒
13. Two containers, x and y, of the same capacity are each full of water. If 4 liters of water
𝟓
from container x is added to container y, the ratio of water in the two containers
becomes 2:3. What is the capacity of container x? [IBA BBA 14-15]

A. 16 B. 20 C. 25 D. 32 E. none of these

𝟏
14. The number of male members at a certain club is twice that of female members. If of
𝟒
𝟏
the male members are engineers and of the female members are engineers, what
𝟓
fraction of the members are non-engineers? [IBA MBA 17-18]
13 23 2 8
A. B. C. D. E. None of these
25 30 5 19

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15. If x is decreased from 2 to -2, which of the following must increase? [IBA MBA 17-18]

1 1
A. 2 + x B. 5 - x2 C. 1 + ( ) D. E. None of these
𝑥 𝑥−3

16. A certain test consists of 8 sections with 25 questions numbered from 1 to 25 in each
𝟑
section. If a student answered all of the even-numbered questions correctly and of
𝟒
the odd-numbered questions correctly, what was the number of questions he
answered in total correctly? [IBA BBA 17-18]

A. 150 B. 172 C. 174 D. 175 E. none of these

17. A club has equal number of male and female members. On a certain day, two-thirds of
the members were absent. Of the members present, one-third were male. What is the
ratio of males and females who were not present on that day? [IBA BBA 14-15]
1 2 3 7
A. B. C. D. E. none of these
3 3 5 5

𝟐
18. Arif contributed of his salary to a charity, which is half the salary of Babu. Babu
𝟑
𝟑
contributed of his salary to the same charity, which is twice the sałary of Malek. Malek
𝟒
𝟏
contributed of his salary to the charity. If Babu's salary is Tk. 20,000, what was the
𝟒
total contribution to the charity? [IBA BBA 14-15]

A. Tk. 26875 B. Tk. 27325

C. Tk. 28525 D. Tk. 29675 E. none of these

19. A piece of rope is cut into three sections so that the first section is three times as
long as the second and the second section is three times as long as the third. What
fraction of the entire piece is the smallest section? [IBA BBA 93-94]
1 1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D. E.
5 7 9 13 14

Answers of past paper questions

1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.E
11.C 12.D 13.C 14.E 15.D 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.D

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Solution to Past Paper Question

1. Let, the third piece or the smallest piece of the cake = x
Second piece = 3x [second piece is three times as big as the third]
First piece = 12x [first piece is four times as big as the second]
So, total cake in term of x will be equal to= x + 3x + 12x = 16x
x 1
The smallest piece = = of the cake.
16 x 16
So, option (D) is the correct answer.

2 2
2. Rakib paid 3 of the total amount= ×269 = 146 taka
3
Raja paid 82 taka
So Rajib paid = 369 - 246 - 82 = 41
41 1
So Rajib’s contribution = or
389 9
So, option (C) is the correct answer.
3. Let, the numerator of the fraction= x
x
So, the fraction= = 0.4
15
x 4
Or, =
15 10
Or, x = 6
So, option (A) is the correct answer.
4.

Capacity Occupied

Room no. Variable

1st room x 2 2x
x × =
3 3

2nd room 2x 3 3x
2x × =
4 2

3rd room 3x 2x 3x 13x

( )+( )=
3 2 6

13x 13
So, the desired fraction is 3x×( )=
6 18
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
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3 3 39
5. Amount of sugar needed = ( + ) = cups
8 5 40
15 39
As 16 < ( you can check it yourself using the cross method discussed earlier in the topic)
40
39 15 3
The amount of sugar needed= ( - )= cups
40 16 80
So, option (C) is the correct answer.
3
6. If the average weekly sale is tk 30000, sales of shelf 1 = × 3000 = 7500
4
2
combined sales of shelf 2 & 3 = 2 ( × 7500)=10000
3
sales of shelf,4= 7500
hence, sales of shelf 5 = 3000 - 7500 - 10000 - 7500 = 5000 tk
So, option (A) is the correct answer.
7. We need to convert the values in any one unit.
We know, 1 yard = 3 ft
So, 24 ft = 8 yards
The ball is dropped from 8 yards
Going down = 8 yards

Going Up = 4 ⇒ Total = 12

Going down = 4 ⇒ Total = 16

Going Up = 2 ⇒ Total = 18

Going down = 2 ⇒ Total = 20

Going up = 1 ⇒ Total = 21

Going down = 1 ⇒ Total = 22

Going up = 0.5 ⇒ Total = 22.5

Going down = 0.5 ⇒ Total = 23

Going up = 0.25 ⇒ Total = 23.25 yards(Caught)

No of bounces = 5
So, option (A) is the correct answer.

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2𝑝
8. Number of people saying yes to question 1 =
5
2𝑝 1 2𝑝
Number of people saying yes to question 2 = × =
5 3 15
2𝑝
So, number of people saying yes to both questions = (those who said yes to question 2
15
also said yes to question 1)
2𝑝 13𝑝
So, number of people who did not say yes to both the questions = 𝑝 − =
15 15
13𝑝
15 13
Fraction = =
𝑝 15

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

2
9. of total number of games = 17 + 3 = 20
3
So, the total number of games = 30
3 30×3
Number of wins required to get th wins = = 22.5 ≈ 23
4 4
Maximum number of losses in total = 7
The number of games the team can lose more = 7 - 3 = 4
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
𝐷ℎ𝑎𝑘𝑎
10. Given, Chittagong = ,
2
and Chittagong = 4 x Jessore
𝐷ℎ𝑎𝑘𝑎
Therefore, Jessore =
8
37.3
Now Dhaka =
3
37.3
Therefore, Jessore = = 1.55 millions
24
So, option (E) is the correct answer.
11. Let, equal amount of water = 12 litres

Capacity of the first jar = 4 × 12 = 48 litres

Capacity of the second jar = 3 × 12 = 26 litres

Water is poured from the smaller jar to the larger jar
So, amount of water in the larger jar = 12 + 12 = 24 litres
24 1
Fraction = = litres
48 2
So, option (C) is the correct answer.
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12. Let,The larger number be x and the smaller number be y

According to the question
𝑥 2𝑦
=
4 5
And x + 50 = 2y
Solving these two equations,
x = 200
y = 125
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
13. Let, the capacity of container x be A
and the capacity of container y be B.
A = B (given)
4𝐴
Amount of water in x = y = liters
5
On adding 4 liters from X to y,
4𝐴
Amount of water in x = ( 5 ) − 4 liters
4𝐴
Amount of water in y = ( 5 ) + 4 liters
According to the question, the ration of water becomes 2:3.
4𝐴 4𝐴
[( ) − 4]: [( ) + 4 ] = 2: 3
5 5
4𝐴
[( ) − 4] 2
⇒ 5 =
4𝐴 3
[( ) + 4 ]
5
4𝐴 − 20
[ ] 2
⇒ 5 =
4𝐴 + 20 3
[ ]
5
4𝐴 − 20 2
⇒ =
4𝐴 + 20 3
4(𝐴 − 5) 2
⇒ =
4(𝐴 + 5) 3
𝐴 − 5 2
⇒ =
𝐴 + 5 3
Solving for A, we get A = 25 liters
Container x has a capacity of 25 litres
So, option (C) is the correct answer.
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14. Let the number of males = 2x; so the number of females = x; total members = 3x.

1 𝑥 1
Number of male engineers = (4) × 2𝑥 = 2 [ of the male members are engineers]
4
1 𝑥 1
and number of female engineers = (5) × 𝑥 = 5 [ of the female members are engineers]
5
𝑥 𝑥 7𝑥
Total number of engineers = (2 + 5) = 10

7𝑥 21𝑥
Number of non-engineers = Total people- Total number of engineers= 3𝑥 − =
10 30
21𝑥
30 7
Therefore, fraction of non-engineers = =
3𝑥 10
So, option (E) is the correct answer.
15. The question asks us to determine which of the given expressions must increase in value
when x changes from 2 to -2. Let’s examine each option one by one to see what happens
when x is decreased from 2 to -2:
Option A: 2+x
When x=2, then 2+ x = 2 + 2 =4.
When x=−2, then 2+x=2+(−2)=0
Here, the value decreases from 4 to 0.

Option B: 5−𝒙𝟐
When x=2, then 5−𝑥 2 =5−(2)2 =5−4 =1.
When x=−2, then 5 − 𝑥 2 = 5 − (−2)2 = 5 − 4 = 1.

Here, the value remains the same at 1.

𝟏
Option C: 𝟏 +
𝒙
1 1
When x=2, then 1 + = 1 + = 1.5.
𝑥 2
1 1
When x= −2, then 1 + = 1 + (− ) = 0.5.
𝑥 2
Here, the value decreases from 1.5 to 0.5.
𝟏
Option D:
𝒙−𝟑
1 1 1
When x=2, then = = = −1.
𝑥−3 2−3 −1
1 1 1
When x=-2, then = = = −0.2.
𝑥−3 −2−3 −5
Here, the value changes from -1 to -0.2. Since -0.2 is greater than -1, the value
increases.
Option E: None of these
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
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16. There are 8 sections with 25 questions numbered from 1 to 25 in each section.
So, in each section, there are 12 even-numbered questions and 13 odd-numbered questions.
Total number of even-numbered questions = 8 x 12 = 96,
and total number of odd-numbered questions = 8 x 13 = 104.
So, the total number of questions answered correctly
3
=all even-numbered questions + of the odd-numbered questions
4
3
= 96 + x 104 = 174.
4
So, option (C) is the correct answer.

17. This math has multiple steps of solution. To get a better understanding of the solution, we
will have a heading above each step to understand what we are doing.
i) Determine Total Members and Their Distribution:
Let the total number of members= x
𝑥
Therefore, total number.of males =
2
𝑥
and total number of females = 2
ii) Calculate the Number of Absent and Present Members:
Given, on a certain day, two-thirds of the members were absent
2𝑥
So,Absent people =
3
2𝑥 𝑥
So, Number of people present = 𝑥 − =
3 3
iii) Determine the Gender Distribution of Present Members:
Again, of the members present, one-third were male.
1 𝑥 𝑥
Therefore, number of males present = 𝑜𝑓 =
3 3 9
So, number of females present = Number of people present- number of males present
𝑥 𝑥 2𝑥
= − =
3 9 9
iv) Calculate the Number of Absent Males and Females
Now, Calculate the absent male and female
Number of males absent that day = total number.of males- number of males present
𝑥 𝑥 9𝑥−2𝑥 7𝑥
= − = =
2 9 18 18
Number of females absent that day= total number of females- number of females present
𝑥 2𝑥 9𝑥−4𝑥 5𝑥
= − = =
2 9 18 18

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v) Determine the Ratio of Absent Males to Absent Females:

7𝑥 5𝑥
The ratio of males and females who were not present on that day = : = 7: 5
18 18
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
18. Babu’'s Salary= 20,000
3
Babu Contributed= th of 20000 + 15000
4
1 1
Malek Contributed = th of half of Babu’s donation= ( ) x 7500 =1875
4 4
Arif Contributed = Half of Babu’s salary= 10,000
Total = 26875
So, option (A) is the correct answer.

19. Let, the smallest section be= x

So, 3rd section will be= 3x

2nd section be = 9x
𝑥
so, required fraction=
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 9𝑥
𝑥
=
13𝑥
1
=
13
So, option (D) is the correct answer.

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Practice Problems

1. Jamal has 5 pieces of string. He needs to choose the piece that will be able to go
around his 36-inch waist as his belt broke. The piece needs to be at least 4 inches
longer than his waist so he can tie a knot in it, but it cannot be more than 6 inches
longer so that the ends will not show from under his shirt. Which of the following
pieces of string will work the best?
3
A. 3 feet B. 4 feet
7 13
C. 2 feet D. feet E. None of these
4

2. A piece of rope is cut into three sections so that the first section is three times as long
as the second and the second section is three times as long as the third. What fraction
of the entire piece is the smallest section?
1 1 1 1 1
A. 5 B. 7 C. 9 D. 13 E. 14

Answers of practice Problems

1.C 2.D

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Solutions to Practice Problems

1. Length of waist = 36 inch.
The length of the string should be 4 to 6 inches longer.
So, the string should be 40 inches to 42 inches.
10 7
So, the string should be feet to 2 feet.
3

So,option (C) is the correct answer.

2. Let, the smallest section be= x

So, 3rd section will be= 3x

2nd section be = 9x
𝑥 𝑥 1
so, required fraction= = 13𝑥 = 13
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 9𝑥

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

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